發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-19 20:42

【摘要】：船舶是水上載運(yùn)的主體,在水上載運(yùn)過(guò)程中有時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生船舶傾覆事故。打撈傾覆船舶時(shí),一般需要先對(duì)傾覆船舶進(jìn)行扳正,使其達(dá)到甲板基本向上姿態(tài)。傳統(tǒng)制定傾覆船舶扳正方案時(shí),一般根據(jù)以往經(jīng)驗(yàn)指導(dǎo)整個(gè)扳正過(guò)程,缺乏必要的設(shè)計(jì)理論與計(jì)算方法。針對(duì)上述問(wèn)題,本文采用理論計(jì)算與軟件仿真模擬相結(jié)合的方法,研究了傾覆船舶扳正過(guò)程中的力學(xué)特性,推導(dǎo)了相關(guān)的計(jì)算公式,并討論了浮性、穩(wěn)性、擱坐力、泥土阻力、扳正速度以及水動(dòng)力等因素對(duì)船舶扳正的影響。基于船舶靜力學(xué)原理,本文采用Euler角參數(shù)建立了傾覆船舶扳正力和力矩模型,提出了利用牛頓迭代法逐次逼近求解扳正力的方法;根據(jù)傾覆船舶扳正過(guò)程中縱傾角的變化量,推導(dǎo)了二/三維穩(wěn)性力矩的計(jì)算公式;通過(guò)分析破艙內(nèi)進(jìn)水、自由液面和氣穴的情況,提出了傾覆船舶破艙在扳正過(guò)程中的四種典型形式,并給出各種形式破艙在扳正過(guò)程中轉(zhuǎn)換的界限條件。當(dāng)船舶擱淺于均質(zhì)泥土?xí)r,本文通過(guò)在擱坐區(qū)域上建立多個(gè)平行于船舶縱軸和橫軸的矩形網(wǎng)絡(luò),得到了船舶各處的入泥深度,進(jìn)一步推導(dǎo)了擱坐力分布表達(dá)式并求解了泥土對(duì)船舶的阻力矩;當(dāng)船舶擱淺于非均質(zhì)泥土?xí)r,將泥土對(duì)船舶的作用分為船舶與海底之間的剪切阻力矩、海底泥土擁土阻力矩和泥土壓實(shí)阻力矩三種形式,利用M.H.Letoshnev提出的土體單位面積壓力和下陷量之間的關(guān)系推導(dǎo)了船舶擱坐力計(jì)算公式,得到船舶與海底之間的剪切阻力矩;采用Rankine被動(dòng)土壓力理論計(jì)算擁土阻力矩,并根據(jù)船舶對(duì)泥土壓縮功得到了船舶壓實(shí)阻力矩的計(jì)算方法。水面傾覆船舶扳正過(guò)程模擬計(jì)算發(fā)現(xiàn),扳正前期,合理調(diào)節(jié)自由液體數(shù)量和位置可以降低船體穩(wěn)性有利于扳正;扳正后期,自由液體的數(shù)量又是決定傾覆力矩大小的因素之一;而在扳正過(guò)程中,破艙傾覆船舶排水量會(huì)改變傾覆船舶的穩(wěn)性并隨著破艙進(jìn)水量的改變而變化;單側(cè)艙室破損降低傾覆船舶穩(wěn)性,前期有利于扳正,后期卻會(huì)增加扳正的難度。擱淺傾覆船舶扳正過(guò)程模擬計(jì)算發(fā)現(xiàn),擱淺傾覆船舶的初始穩(wěn)距和穩(wěn)性力矩均較小,而在扳正后期則會(huì)產(chǎn)生較大正/負(fù)向力矩,需要施加較大的扳正力矩以維持船舶平衡;深水?dāng)R淺船舶的初始穩(wěn)距較大,但其扳正后期需要的扳正力矩較小;當(dāng)船體多點(diǎn)擱坐或擱坐在軟質(zhì)灘涂時(shí),設(shè)置過(guò)多的擱坐點(diǎn)不僅降低計(jì)算效率,也有增加計(jì)算錯(cuò)誤幾率的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),在滿足船體強(qiáng)度和工況的前提下,可以設(shè)置相對(duì)重要的擱坐點(diǎn)進(jìn)行計(jì)算。根據(jù)剛體動(dòng)力學(xué)理論,建立傾覆船舶扳正的運(yùn)動(dòng)方程;基于流體功能原理,推導(dǎo)了慣性類(lèi)水動(dòng)力及附加質(zhì)量的計(jì)算方程;利用Taylor展開(kāi)式得到粘性水動(dòng)力公式;根據(jù)扳正過(guò)程中船舶運(yùn)動(dòng)的特點(diǎn),得到粘性水動(dòng)力的簡(jiǎn)化算法;基于勢(shì)流理論推導(dǎo)了海水動(dòng)壓力,進(jìn)一步由Gauss公式得到規(guī)則波和不規(guī)則波波浪力計(jì)算公式;根據(jù)扳正過(guò)程中船舶受力特點(diǎn),選用直接計(jì)算方式求解風(fēng)力,采用Aage C推導(dǎo)的風(fēng)作用力公式,進(jìn)一步得到流力計(jì)算方法。
[Abstract]:The ship is the main body of the water transportation, and sometimes the ship overturning accident occurs in the course of the water transportation. When salvaging the overturned ship, it is usually necessary to correct the overturned ship first to make it reach the basic upward deck posture. In view of the above problems, this paper studies the mechanical characteristics of overturning ship in the course of rectification by combining theoretical calculation with software simulation, deduces relevant calculation formulas, and discusses the effects of buoyancy, stability, seating force, soil resistance, rectification speed and hydrodynamic forces on the ship's rectification. Based on the principle of ship statics, the Euler angle parameters are used to establish the model of the pulling force and moment of overturning ship, and the Newton iterative method is used to solve the pulling force successively. In the case of water, free surface and cavitation, four typical forms of overturning ship's damaged cabin in the course of correcting are proposed, and the boundary conditions for the conversion of various forms of damaged cabin in the course of correcting are given. When the ship is grounded in heterogeneous soil, the action of the soil on the ship is divided into three forms: the shear resistance moment between the ship and the seabed, the resistance moment of the seabed soil and the resistance moment of the soil compaction. The relationship between the pressure per unit area of the soil and the subsidence put forward by toshnev has deduced the formula for calculating the ship's grounding force and obtained the shear resistance moment between the ship and the seabed. The resistance moment of the ship's compaction is calculated by Rankine's passive earth pressure theory, and the calculation method of the resistance moment of the ship's compaction is obtained according to the ship's compression work to the soil. The simulation calculation of ship alignment shows that the amount and position of free liquids can reduce the stability of ship hull in the early phase of alignment, and the amount of free liquids is one of the factors that determine the magnitude of overturning moment in the later phase of alignment. The results show that the initial stable distance and moment of stability of the ship are small, but the positive / negative moment is large in the latter stage, which is needed. Applying larger pulling moment to maintain the balance of the ship; the initial stable distance of the ship grounded in deep water is larger, but the pulling moment needed in the later period is smaller; when the hull is on multi-point or on soft beach, setting too many berthing points not only reduces the calculation efficiency, but also increases the risk of calculation error, in order to meet the hull strength and to meet the requirements of the ship. Based on the rigid body dynamics theory, the motion equation of overturning ship is established; the calculation equations of inertia hydrodynamic force and additional mass are deduced based on the fluid function principle; the viscous hydrodynamic formula is obtained by Taylor expansion; and the ship transportation in the process of alignment is obtained. The simplified algorithm of viscous hydrodynamics is obtained based on the dynamic characteristics of the ship; the dynamic pressure of the sea water is deduced based on the potential flow theory, and the formulas for calculating the wave forces of regular and irregular waves are derived from the Gauss formula; according to the force characteristics of the ship in the course of rectification, the direct calculation method is selected to solve the wind force, and the wind force formula deduced from Aage C is used to further obtain the wind force formula. To the flow force calculation method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U676.6

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本文編號(hào)：2192777