發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-29 11:49

【摘要】：近年來(lái)M油田群產(chǎn)量衰減迅速,目前油田外輸管線輸量低于設(shè)計(jì)輸量,并有一直向下衰減的趨勢(shì),管道熱力條件變差,有可能出現(xiàn)凝管、管道特性進(jìn)入不穩(wěn)定工作區(qū)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。本文針對(duì)M油田群中心處理平臺(tái)至陸上輸油終端外輸管線面臨的低輸量工況進(jìn)行流動(dòng)保障研究,分析管內(nèi)原油在低輸量下的水力熱力特性、結(jié)蠟規(guī)律,制定合理的安全運(yùn)行方案,研究停輸再啟動(dòng)過(guò)程,為實(shí)現(xiàn)外輸管道在低輸量工況下安全平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行和科學(xué)管理,提供重要理論支撐和技術(shù)指導(dǎo)。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:(1)選取中心平臺(tái)輸出的原油為實(shí)驗(yàn)油樣,通過(guò)室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)所選油樣進(jìn)行物性測(cè)定�？紤]到含蠟原油在加熱輸送過(guò)程中流型流態(tài)、物性參數(shù)變化以及摩擦熱和析蠟潛熱的影響,分析了含蠟原油加熱輸送管道的流動(dòng)特性,建立了含蠟熱油管道水力熱力計(jì)算模型和臨界安全輸量計(jì)算模型。(2)利用普適性結(jié)蠟?zāi)Ｐ偷姆椒ɑ貧w出M油田群外輸原油蠟沉積速率公式,對(duì)不同運(yùn)行條件下管道沿線蠟沉積層厚度進(jìn)行了預(yù)測(cè),分析了不同工況下管線內(nèi)蠟沉積規(guī)律,得出輸量和溫度對(duì)沿線蠟沉積厚度的影響較大,并且管內(nèi)蠟沉積并不是均勻分布的,主要集中在陸管段呈現(xiàn)不均勻分布狀態(tài)。(3)為了避免逐漸變差的熱力條件導(dǎo)致管內(nèi)結(jié)蠟層過(guò)厚造成卡堵,針對(duì)M油田群含蠟原油外輸管線進(jìn)行了清管方案比選。通過(guò)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)清管模型的計(jì)算,得出經(jīng)濟(jì)清管模型并不適用于M油田外輸管道。由于M油田田田外輸管道結(jié)蠟主要集中在局部管道并且呈不均勻分布,通過(guò)對(duì)管道運(yùn)行期間沿線壓降變化率的模擬,發(fā)現(xiàn)管道結(jié)蠟段壓降變化率比較明顯,而入口壓降變化率很小。以管道局部壓降變化率作為清管周期的判別條件,制定了不同運(yùn)行工況下的清管方案。(4)為了避免低輸量管道進(jìn)入不穩(wěn)定工作區(qū),重點(diǎn)分析了摻水輸送工藝和摻降凝劑輸送工藝。針對(duì)摻水輸送工藝建立了 M油田外輸管道摻水輸送模型,以管道最低出口溫度和入口壓力滿足管道最大承壓為條件,通過(guò)摻水原油水力熱力計(jì)算得出了不同工況下M油田外輸管道最小摻水量。針對(duì)摻降凝劑輸送工藝,通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)從可供選擇的降凝劑中篩選出效果最好的試劑�；�于安全經(jīng)濟(jì)輸送的原則,通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)得到了M油田外輸原油不同加劑量的改性效果,制定了不同輸量、季節(jié)添加不同劑量降凝劑的運(yùn)行方案。(5)建立M油田外輸管道停輸再啟動(dòng)數(shù)學(xué)模型,用有限容積法和熱力特征線法對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)方程進(jìn)行了離散,并編制了計(jì)算軟件。通過(guò)軟件對(duì)管線在不同條件下的停輸和再啟動(dòng)過(guò)程進(jìn)行了模擬分析,并計(jì)算了不同工況下的安全停輸時(shí)間;根據(jù)規(guī)定的事故搶修時(shí)間確定了不同工況下的最低入口溫度。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the production of M oil field group has decayed rapidly. At present, the pipeline transportation volume outside the oil field is lower than the designed transportation volume, and there is a tendency to decline all the time. The thermodynamic conditions of the pipeline become worse, and there may be the risk of condensate pipe and pipeline characteristics entering the unstable working area. In this paper, the flow guarantee of the external pipeline from the central treatment platform of M oil field group to the onshore oil terminal is studied, and the hydraulic and thermodynamic characteristics and waxing law of the crude oil in the pipeline under the condition of low transportation capacity are analyzed. The reasonable safe operation scheme is worked out, and the shutdown and restart process is studied, which provides important theoretical support and technical guidance for the safe and stable operation and scientific management of the external pipeline under the condition of low transportation volume. The main research contents are as follows: (1) the crude oil exported from the central platform is selected as the experimental oil sample, and the physical properties of the selected oil sample are measured by laboratory experiments. Considering the flow pattern and physical parameters of waxy crude oil in the process of heating transportation, as well as the effects of friction heat and wax precipitation latent heat, the flow characteristics of waxy crude oil heating pipeline are analyzed. The hydraulic thermodynamic calculation model and critical safe transportation model of waxy hot oil pipeline are established. (2) the formula of wax deposition rate of external transportation crude oil in M oil field group is regained by using the method of universal waxing model. The wax deposition layer thickness along the pipeline is predicted under different operating conditions, and the wax deposition law in the pipeline under different working conditions is analyzed. It is concluded that the transportation volume and temperature have a great influence on the wax deposition thickness along the pipeline. And the wax deposition in the tube is not uniform distribution, mainly concentrated in the land pipe section showing an uneven distribution state. (3) in order to avoid the gradual deterioration of thermal conditions resulting in excessive thickness of waxing layer in the tube resulting in blockage, The cleaning scheme of waxy crude oil pipeline in M oil field group is compared and selected. Through the calculation of the economic cleaning model, it is concluded that the economic cleaning model is not suitable for the external pipeline of M oil field. Because the wax deposition of the external pipeline in M oil field is mainly concentrated in the local pipeline and shows uneven distribution, through the simulation of the change rate of pressure drop along the pipeline during the operation of the pipeline, it is found that the change rate of pressure drop in the waxing section of the pipeline is obvious. However, the change rate of inlet pressure drop is very small. Taking the change rate of local pressure drop of pipeline as the criterion of pigging cycle, the cleaning scheme under different operating conditions is worked out. (4) in order to prevent the pipeline from entering unstable working area, The water mixing transportation process and pour point depressant transportation process are analyzed in detail. According to the mixed water transportation process, the mixed water transportation model of M oil field external pipeline is established, and the minimum outlet temperature and inlet pressure of the pipeline meet the maximum pressure of the pipeline. The minimum water content of M oil field pipeline under different working conditions is obtained by hydraulic and thermodynamic calculation of mixed crude oil. According to the transportation process of adding pour point depressant, the best reagent was screened out from the optional pour point depressant through experiments. Based on the principle of safe and economic transportation, the modification effect of different dosage of external crude oil in M oil field is obtained by experiment, and different transportation volume is worked out. The operation scheme of adding different doses of pour point depressant in season is added. (5) the mathematical model of shutdown and restart of external pipeline in M oil field is established, the mathematical equation is discretized by finite volume method and thermodynamic characteristic line method, and the calculation software is compiled. The shutdown and restart process of pipeline under different conditions is simulated and analyzed by software, and the safe shutdown time under different working conditions is calculated, and the minimum inlet temperature under different working conditions is determined according to the specified accident emergency repair time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TE832

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