發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-27 14:02

【摘要】：γ-聚谷氨酸是由谷氨酸單體通過(guò)α-NH2和γ-COOH脫去一份子水后,縮合而成的一種新型生物高分子材料。已被廣泛用于化妝品、農(nóng)業(yè)、環(huán)境保護(hù)、醫(yī)藥及生物醫(yī)學(xué)材料等領(lǐng)域。在化妝品中,γ-聚谷氨酸可作為支持材料、皮膚保濕劑,同時(shí)啟到緩慢釋放表皮因子的作用。其水凝膠是無(wú)色無(wú)味的,這種膠質(zhì)具有一種高度聚合的三維網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu),使其具有高達(dá)5000倍的超強(qiáng)吸水保濕能力,特別地,添加到化妝品中作為一種皮膚保濕劑會(huì)提升產(chǎn)品的保濕功效。γ-聚谷氨酸具有的高強(qiáng)吸水能力和緩釋能力,在土壤中也可發(fā)揮同樣效應(yīng),因此可作為種子萌發(fā)的促進(jìn)劑,有明顯的抗旱促苗效應(yīng),可以有效地提高作物的發(fā)芽率和種子活力。本實(shí)驗(yàn)考察了 γ-聚谷氨酸的保濕護(hù)膚特性、人體安全性及其體外抗氧化活性,并解決了 γ-聚谷氨酸引起化妝品中卡波姆粘度降低的問(wèn)題,為在化妝品中使用聚谷氨酸提供了 一些研究數(shù)據(jù);并對(duì)分子量在0～2000KDa間的γ-聚谷氨酸對(duì)綠豆種子萌發(fā)及幼苗生長(zhǎng)的影響進(jìn)行了研究。利用皮膚水分測(cè)試儀對(duì)受試者使用γ-聚谷氨酸前后皮膚的水分含量變化進(jìn)行測(cè)定;并采用皮膚斑貼試驗(yàn),評(píng)價(jià)γ-聚谷氨酸的安全性。結(jié)果表明:γ-聚谷氨酸的保濕特性隨著分子質(zhì)量、濃度等條件的變化,存在較大的差異,其中平均分子量1200 KDa的γ-聚谷氨酸在濃度為0.1%時(shí),保濕效果最好。涂抹此濃度此分子量的γ-聚谷氨酸2h后,皮膚水分含量的變化率為103.93±0.24;4h后,皮膚水分含量的變化率為112.23± 0.23。陽(yáng)性對(duì)照將透明質(zhì)酸鈉(1400 KDa)作為陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組,其皮膚水分含量的變化率(114.01 ±0.34)與前述結(jié)果相近。皮膚斑貼試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明γ-聚谷氨酸可以涂抹于人體皮膚,是無(wú)毒、安全的。利用DPPH法測(cè)定高低兩種分子量γ-聚谷氨酸的DPPH自由基清除率曲線,以IC50作為指標(biāo),并與抗氧化劑Vc磷酸酯鎂和α-熊果苷進(jìn)行比較,對(duì)兩者抗氧化性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果表明:140萬(wàn)分子量γ-聚谷氨酸清除DPPH自由基的IC50值為25.5mg/mL,略優(yōu)于10萬(wàn)分子量γ-聚谷氨酸(IC5030.5mg/mL)。兩者清除自由基的效果約為Vc磷酸酯鎂(IC5013mg/mL)的一半,低于α-熊果苷(IC500.016 mg/mL)。含γ-PGA的化妝品成品中所具有的成分如谷氨酸、谷氨酸鈉和氯化鈉都能引起增稠劑卡波姆粘度的下降,且離子濃度越高,卡波姆粘度數(shù)值降低越快。對(duì)于10萬(wàn)和80萬(wàn)分子量γ-PGA來(lái)說(shuō),若要使化妝品體系中卡波姆粘度維持在1000 cp以上,0.2%濃度的卡波姆941可添加的γ-PGA濃度不超過(guò)0.05%。若化妝品配方中添加濃度為0.1%的γ-PGA,對(duì)于10萬(wàn)和80萬(wàn)分子量γ-PGA,體系中應(yīng)添加卡波姆941的最低質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為0.3%和0.25%,以維持體系的粘度在1000 cp以上,可用于護(hù)膚膏及乳液的生產(chǎn)。采用一定濃度不同分子量的Y-聚谷氨酸對(duì)綠豆種子進(jìn)行處理,研究了不同分子量的γ-聚谷氨酸對(duì)綠豆種子萌發(fā)及幼苗生長(zhǎng)的影響。結(jié)果表明:γ-聚谷氨酸對(duì)種子發(fā)芽率的影響程度與其分子量大小相關(guān),幼苗的重量、高度及長(zhǎng)度等生理指標(biāo)也會(huì)隨之波動(dòng)。與此同時(shí),加入Y-聚谷氨酸將會(huì)提高種子的淀粉酶、過(guò)氧化氫酶和過(guò)氧化物酶等酶的活性,而影響程度與分子量大小有關(guān)。當(dāng)分子量為120 kD時(shí),對(duì)種子的發(fā)芽率、幼苗生長(zhǎng)指標(biāo)、種子酶活有較好的促進(jìn)作用。綜上所述,γ-聚谷氨酸具有良好的保濕護(hù)膚功效及中等抗氧化活性,對(duì)皮膚安全、無(wú)刺激性,可作為化妝品中的添加劑;為γ-聚谷氨酸引起化妝品中卡波姆粘度降低的問(wèn)題提供了解決方案和理論依據(jù);其保水性可提高種子發(fā)芽率,促進(jìn)幼苗生長(zhǎng),有明顯的抗旱促苗效應(yīng),可在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中使用。
[Abstract]:Glutamate-polyglutamic acid is a new kind of biological high-molecular material which is formed by removing a part of water from the glutamic acid monomer through the HCO3-NH2 and the HCO3-COOH. Has been widely used in the fields of cosmetics, agriculture, environmental protection, medicine and biomedical materials. In cosmetic, that L-polyglutamic acid can be used as a support material, a skin moisturizing agent, and a slow release of the skin factor. The hydrogel is colorless and odourless, and the colloid has a highly polymerized three-dimensional network structure so as to have a super-strong water-absorbing and moisture-retaining capacity of up to 5000 times, in particular, being added into a cosmetic as a skin moisturizing agent can improve the moisture-keeping effect of the product. The high-strength water-absorbing capacity and the sustained-release capacity of the L-polyglutamic acid can also play the same effect in the soil, so that the germination-promoting effect of the seeds can be obviously improved, and the germination rate and the seed vigor of the crops can be effectively improved. The effects of moisturizing and skin-protecting, human safety and in vitro antioxidant activity of L-polyglutamic acid were studied in this experiment, and the problem of reducing the viscosity of carbomer in cosmetics was solved, and some research data were provided for the use of polyglutamic acid in cosmetics. The effect of L-polyglutamic acid with molecular weight of 0-2000 KDa on the seed germination and seedling growth of mung bean was studied. The moisture content of the skin before and after the use of L-polyglutamic acid was measured by the skin moisture tester, and the skin patch test was used to evaluate the safety of the skin-polyglutamic acid. The results showed that the moisturizing property of the polyglutamic acid with the average molecular weight of 1200 KDa was the best when the concentration was 0.1%, with the change of the molecular weight and the concentration. The rate of change of skin moisture content was 103.93-0.24, and the rate of change of skin moisture content was 112.23-0.23 after 4 h. The rate of change of skin moisture content (114.01-0.34) of sodium hyaluronate (1400 KDa) was similar to that of the positive control group. The test results of skin patch test show that the polyglutamic acid can be applied to the skin of human body, and it is non-toxic and safe. DPPH free radical clearance curve of high and low molecular weight HCO3-polyglutamic acid was determined by the DPPH method, and the IC50 was used as an index, and compared with the antioxidant Vc phosphate magnesium and the P-bear fruit, the oxidation resistance of the two high and low molecular weight HCO3-polyglutamic acid was evaluated. The results showed that the IC50 value of the 1.4 million molecular weight L-polyglutamic acid scavenging DPPH free radical was 25.5 mg/ mL, which was slightly superior to that of the 10-million-weight-poly-glutamic acid (IC5030.5 mg/ mL). The effect of scavenging free radicals is about half of that of magnesium phosphate (IC5013mg/ mL), which is lower than that of C-bear fruit (IC500.016 mg/ mL). The components such as glutamic acid, sodium glutamate and sodium chloride in the finished product containing the HCO3-PGA can cause a decrease in the viscosity of the carbomer of the thickener, and the higher the ion concentration, the higher the viscosity of the carbomer. For 100,000 and 800,000 molecular weight-PGA-PGA, to maintain the carbomer viscosity in the cosmetic system above 1000 cp, a 0.2% concentration of carbomer 941 can be added at a concentration of no more than 0.05%. In the formulation of cosmetics, the weight fraction of the carbomer 941 is 0.3% and 0.25%, and the viscosity of the maintenance system is above 1000 cp, which can be used for the production of skin-care cream and emulsion. The seed of mung bean was treated with Y-polyglutamic acid with different molecular weights, and the effects of the different molecular weight of L-polyglutamic acid on the seed germination and seedling growth of the mung bean were studied. The results showed that the effect of L-polyglutamic acid on the germination rate of the seeds was related to the molecular weight, and the physiological indexes such as the weight, height and length of the seedlings could also fluctuate. At the same time, the addition of Y-polyglutamic acid increases the activity of the enzyme such as amylase, catalase and peroxidase of the seed, and the degree of influence is related to the size of the molecular weight. When the molecular weight is 120 kD, the germination rate, the seedling growth index and the seed enzyme activity of the seeds are better promoted. In conclusion, the anti-polyglutamic acid has good moisture-keeping and skin-caring effects and moderate antioxidant activity, is safe and non-irritating to the skin, can be used as an additive in the cosmetic, and provides a solution and a theoretical basis for the problem of reducing the viscosity of the carbomer in the cosmetic by the-polyglutamic acid; The water-retaining agent can improve the germination rate of the seeds, promote the growth of the seedlings, have obvious drought-resistant and seedling-promoting effects, and can be used in the agricultural production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TQ317

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