發(fā)布時間：2019-03-12 21:25

【摘要】：重金屬易通過大氣沉降、肥料施用等途徑進入農(nóng)田土壤系統(tǒng),長期以往會對土壤結(jié)構(gòu)、微生物、動植物等造成嚴重的損害。農(nóng)田環(huán)境質(zhì)量的惡化,會導致農(nóng)田喪失基本的生產(chǎn)能力。由于農(nóng)田作物對鎘具有較強的蓄積能力,鎘通過一定的途徑會對人體健康產(chǎn)生危害,因此,農(nóng)田鎘污染受到高度關(guān)注。農(nóng)田土壤中微生物活性一定程度上能表征土壤中鎘污染的程度,而國內(nèi)外學者有通過測定土壤中酶活性來表征土壤中微生物活性,從而預(yù)測和評價鎘污染的程度。但是不同地區(qū)的土壤理化性質(zhì)的差異會導致酶活性的不同,從而影響農(nóng)田鎘污染程度的判斷。本文選擇蘇州地區(qū)的水稻土、山林土和菜園土三種典型農(nóng)田土壤作為研究對象,測定了水稻土、山林土和菜園土的基本理化性質(zhì),分別比較了三種不同農(nóng)田土壤中過氧化氫酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶的活性。通過外源添加鎘對三種農(nóng)田土壤中過氧化氫酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶活性的影響以及土壤中不同形態(tài)鎘的分布及變化,進一步探討鎘形態(tài)與酶活性之間的關(guān)系。最后研究了pH、有機質(zhì)和鹽分的變化對水稻土、菜園土和山林土中過氧化氫酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性的影響。主要得到以下結(jié)論:(1)由于土地利用方式的不同,在一定程度上會導致土壤理化性質(zhì)的差異,通過水稻土、山林土和菜園土中酶活性的測定發(fā)現(xiàn),過氧化氫酶活性表現(xiàn)為水稻土菜園土山林土,脲酶活性表現(xiàn)為水稻土菜園土山林土,蔗糖酶活性表現(xiàn)為水稻土山林土菜園土。(2)外源鎘對水稻土、山林土和菜園土中過氧化氫酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶活性有抑制作用。隨著外源鎘濃度的升高,以及培養(yǎng)時間的增加,過氧化氫酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶活性均具有下降趨勢。鎘對脲酶和蔗糖酶的抑制作用,在山林土中強于水稻土和菜園土;對過氧化氫酶活性的抑制作用則是在水稻土中強于菜園土和山林土。(3)外源鎘濃度較低時,初始水稻土中鎘主要以可氧化態(tài)存在,潛在生物可利用態(tài)含量高;初始山林土和菜園土中鎘主要以弱酸提取態(tài)存在,生物易利用態(tài)含量高。隨著外源鎘濃度的升高,水稻土、山林土和菜園土中鎘的弱酸提取態(tài)含量增加,生物易利用態(tài)含量增加。而隨著培養(yǎng)時間的增加,水稻土、山林土和菜園土中鎘主要以弱酸提取態(tài)存在,但是弱酸提取態(tài)含量下降,生物易利用態(tài)含量下降,潛在生物可利用態(tài)含量增加,生物難利用態(tài)含量增加。(4)山林土、菜園土和水稻土中鎘形態(tài)的分布和變化規(guī)律與酶活性呈現(xiàn)一定的相關(guān)性。隨著鎘濃度的升高,土壤中鎘的生物易利用態(tài)含量增加,土壤中酶活性下降;隨培養(yǎng)時間的增加,土壤中鎘的生物易利用態(tài)含量減少,潛在生物可利用態(tài)含量增加,生物難利用態(tài)含量增加,酶活性呈下降趨勢,但下降趨勢幅度減弱。(5)pH、有機質(zhì)和鹽分變化對酶活性均有影響。隨土壤pH值的升高,水稻土、山林土和菜園土中過氧化氫酶和脲酶活性呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢,蔗糖酶的活性趨勢表現(xiàn)為先上升后下降,說明土壤酸濃度的升高能夠抑制過氧化氫酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性,過氧化氫酶和脲酶活性的升高是由于土壤中堿濃度升高所致,但會抑制蔗糖酶活性;隨有機質(zhì)含量的增加,水稻土、山林土和菜園土中過氧化氫酶和脲酶活性呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢,說明土壤中有機質(zhì)的增加能刺激土壤中酶活性的增加,在葡萄糖添加量為1%時,對土壤中脲酶有強刺激作用;隨鹽分含量的增加,水稻土、山林土和菜園土中過氧化氫酶活性下降,脲酶活性下降,蔗糖酶活性也下降,說明鹽會抑制土壤中酶的正常功能與代謝。
[Abstract]:The heavy metal is easy to enter the farmland soil system through the way of atmospheric sedimentation, fertilizer application and the like, and can cause serious damage to the soil structure, the microorganism, the plant and the plant and the like for a long time. The deterioration of the environmental quality of the farmland can lead to the loss of basic production capacity of the farmland. As a result of the strong accumulation capacity of the farmland crops to the human body, the health of the human body can be caused by a certain way, and therefore, the pollution of the farmland is highly concerned. In that field, the activity of the microorganism in the soil can represent the degree of soil pollution in the soil to a certain extent, and the domestic and foreign scholars have the effect of determining the activity of the microorganism in the soil by measuring the activity of the enzyme in the soil, so as to predict and evaluate the degree of the soil pollution. However, the difference of the physical and chemical properties of the soil in different areas can lead to the difference of the enzyme activity, thus affecting the judgment of the pollution degree of the farmland. In this paper, three typical farmland soils of paddy soil, mountain forest and garden soil in Suzhou area are selected as the research object. The basic physical and chemical properties of paddy soil, mountain forest soil and vegetable garden soil are determined, and the activities of catalase, yeast enzyme and sucrase in the soil of three different fields are compared. The relationship between the enzyme activity and the activity of the catalase, the sucrase and the enzyme in the soil of the three agricultural fields and the distribution and the change of the different morphological characteristics of the soil were further discussed. The effects of changes of pH, organic matter and salt on the activity of catalase, catalase and sucrase in paddy soil, vegetable garden soil and mountain forest were studied. The results are as follows: (1) Because of the different land-use methods, the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be different to some extent, and the activity of the catalase in the soil of the paddy soil, the soil of the mountain and the soil of the garden soil has been found, and the activity of the catalase is shown as the soil of the soil and the soil of the paddy soil, The activity of the enzyme is as the soil of the soil and the soil of the soil of the paddy soil, and the activity of the sucrase is the soil of the soil and vegetable garden of the paddy soil. (2) The effect of exogenous yeast on the activity of catalase, sucrase and enzyme in paddy soil, forest soil and vegetable garden soil was inhibited. With the increase of the concentration of the exogenous enzyme and the increase of the culture time, the activity of the catalase, the sucrase and the enzyme of the enzyme has a downward trend. The inhibitory effect of the enzyme on the activity of the catalase and the sucrase is stronger than that of the paddy soil and the vegetable garden soil in the mountain forest soil, and the inhibition effect on the activity of the catalase is stronger than the garden soil and the mountain forest soil in the paddy soil. (3) When the concentration of the exogenous yeast is low, the initial paddy soil is mainly in the oxidizable state, and the potential bioavailable state content is high; the initial mountain forest soil and the vegetable garden soil are mainly in the weak acid extraction state, and the bioavailability is high. With the increase of the concentration of the exogenous yeast, the content of weak acid in paddy soil, the soil of the mountain and the soil of the vegetable garden is increased, and the content of the bioavailability is increased. However, with the increase of the culture time, the rice soil, the mountain forest soil and the vegetable garden soil are mainly in the weak acid extraction state, but the content of the weak acid extraction state is reduced, the bio-availability state content is reduced, the potential bioavailable state content is increased, and the biorefractory utilization state content is increased. (4) The distribution and the change of the morphology of the soil in the soil, the vegetable garden soil and the paddy soil have a certain correlation with the activity of the enzyme. As the concentration of the soil is increased, the biomass of the soil in the soil is increased, the activity of the enzyme in the soil is reduced, the biomass of the soil in the soil can be reduced with the increase of the culture time, the potential bioavailable state content is increased, and the biorefractory utilization state content is increased, The activity of the enzyme decreased, but the decrease of the decreasing trend. (5) The change of pH, organic matter and salt has an effect on the activity of the enzyme. As the pH value of the soil increases, the activity of the catalase and the enzyme in the paddy soil, the mountain forest soil and the vegetable garden soil shows a rising trend, the activity trend of the sucrose enzyme shows that the increase of the activity trend of the sucrose enzyme is first increased, and the increase of the concentration of the soil acid can inhibit the activity of the catalase, the yeast enzyme and the sucrase, the increase of the activity of the catalase and the enzyme is due to the increase of the concentration of the alkali in the soil, but the activity of the sucrase is inhibited; the activity of the catalase and the enzyme in the paddy soil, the mountain forest soil and the vegetable garden soil is increased with the increase of the content of the organic matter, the increase of the organic matter in the soil can stimulate the increase of the enzyme activity in the soil, and when the addition amount of the glucose is 1%, the enzyme in the soil has strong stimulation effect; the activity of the catalase in the paddy soil, the mountain forest soil and the garden soil is reduced with the increase of the salt content, and the enzyme activity is reduced, Sucrose enzyme activity also decreased, indicating that the salt would inhibit the normal function and metabolism of the enzyme in the soil.
【學位授予單位】：蘇州科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X53

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