淮河上游大氣中有機污染物的污染特征和沉降通量
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-16 22:15
【摘要】：本論文以淮河上游(河南段)的大氣環(huán)境為對象,首次全面、系統(tǒng)地研究了2013-2014年氣相和沉降顆粒相中多環(huán)芳烴(PAHs)、有機磷阻燃劑(PFRs)和正構(gòu)烷烴(N-Alkanes)的含量特征、時空分布和沉降通量,從而彌補了我國對淮河上游大氣中PAHs、PFRs和N-Alkanes研究的空缺,并為淮河區(qū)域的大氣污染控制、持久性有機污染物數(shù)據(jù)庫的建立以及環(huán)境管理提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。論文的主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)氣相中PAHs的總濃度范圍分別為3.61~425 ng/m3,平均濃度分別為110ng/m3;顆粒相樣品中和483~2.54E+04 ng/g,平均濃度為6.70E+03 ng/g;兩相中濃度最高的化合物均為菲。氣相中PFRs總濃度的范圍是458~1.83E+03 pg/m3,平均值為963pg/m3;顆粒相樣品中PFRs總濃度的范圍是220~4.56E+04 ng/g,平均值為5.49E+03ng/g。氣相中N-Alkanes總濃度的范圍是14.1~1.47E+04 ng/m3,平均濃度為3.42E+03ng/m3;顆粒相中N-Alkanes總濃度處于8.22E+04~3.12E+06 ng/g,平均值為5.32E+05ng/g,兩相中最主要的物質(zhì)均為正二十九烷。(2)氣相中PAHs總濃度的最大值出現(xiàn)在冬季,以2環(huán)和3環(huán)PAHs為主;顆粒相中PAHs總濃度的最大值也出現(xiàn)在冬季,以高環(huán)PAHs為主;冬季PAHs的主要原因可能是煤炭、發(fā)電等工業(yè)活動和汽車尾氣排放。氣相中PFRs濃度最大的季節(jié)為冬季,以烷基取代PFRs;顆粒相中PFRs濃度最高的季節(jié)是春季,以芳基取代PFRs為主;PFRs濃度的季節(jié)差異可能是由它們的使用量及物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)決定的。氣相和顆粒中N-Alkanes濃度最高的季節(jié)都是夏季,這是因為夏季旺盛生長的高等植物釋放出了大量N-Alkanes,再加上汽車尾氣的貢獻。氣相PAHs中總濃度的最大值出現(xiàn)在M2(肖王鄉(xiāng)孫莊),以低環(huán)PAHs為主;顆粒相樣品中PAHs的總濃度最大值出現(xiàn)在M5(花埠大橋),以高環(huán)PAHs為主。氣相中PFRs總濃度的最大值出現(xiàn)在M2(肖王鄉(xiāng)孫莊),以烷基取代PFRs為主;顆粒相樣品中PFRs總濃度的最高值出現(xiàn)在M4(息縣大埠口),以芳基取代PFRs為主。氣相中和顆粒相中N-Alkanes的最高濃度均出現(xiàn)在M6,最主要化合物是正二十九烷。氣相樣品中N-Alanes濃度隨碳數(shù)增加呈正態(tài)分布狀,顆粒相樣品中N-Alkanes濃度分布則具有一定的奇碳數(shù)優(yōu)勢。(3)PAHs的沉降通量范圍為52.1~2.07E+03 ng/m2/d,其平均通量為388 ng/m2/d;PFRs總沉降通量的范圍為66.9~1.12E+03 ng/m2/d,平均值為207 ng/m2/d;N-Alkanes總沉降通量的范圍是3.98E+03~3.52E+05 ng/m2/d,平均值為3.78E+04 ng/m2/d。PAHs的最大沉降通量出現(xiàn)在冬季,高環(huán)數(shù)PAHs的沉降通量較大;PFRs的最大沉降通量出現(xiàn)在春季,其中芳基取代PFRs是沉降通量最大的物質(zhì);N-alkanes的最大沉降通量出現(xiàn)在夏季,正二十九烷的沉降通量最大。PAHs、PFRs和N-Alkanes的最大沉降通量分別出現(xiàn)在采樣點M2(長臺甘岸橋)、M4(息縣大埠口)和M7(三河尖口)。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the atmospheric environment in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River (Henan section) was studied for the first time. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the gas phase and the precipitated particle phase in 2013-2014 were systematically studied in this paper. The content characteristics, space-time distribution and deposition flux of organophosphorus flame retardant (PFRs) and n-alkane (N-Alkanes) make up the gaps in the study of PAHs,PFRs and N-Alkanes in the upper reaches of Huaihe River in China, and control the air pollution in the area of Huaihe River. The establishment of pops database and environmental management provide scientific basis. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the average concentration range of PAHs in gas phase is 3.61g / m ~ (3), and the average concentration of PAHs is 6.70E _ (03) ng/g; in granular phase sample and 483N _ (2.54) E _ (04) ng/g, respectively. The highest concentration in both phases is phenanthrene. The range of total concentration of PFRs in gas phase is 458C 1.83E 03 pg/m3, average is 963pg / m 3, and the range of total PFRs concentration in granular phase sample is 220E 4.56E ng/g, average 5.49E 03ng / g. The average concentration of N-Alkanes in gas phase is 3.42E, 03ng / m ~ (3), and the average concentration of ng/m3, is 14.1E 1.47E / m ~ (3). The average ng/g, value of N-Alkanes in granular phase is 8.22E040.12E06 ng/g, is 5.32E05ng / g, the most important substance in both phases is n-29 alkane. (2) the maximum value of total PAHs concentration in gas phase appears in winter. 2 and 3 ring PAHs were dominant. The maximum of total PAHs concentration in granular phase also appeared in winter, mainly in high ring PAHs, and the main reasons of PAHs in winter may be coal, power generation and other industrial activities and automobile exhaust emissions. The highest concentration of PFRs in gas phase is in winter, and the highest concentration of PFRs in alkyl substituted PFRs; particles is in spring, with aryl substituted for PFRs, and the seasonal difference of PFRs concentration may be determined by their usage and physicochemical properties. The highest concentrations of N-Alkanes in the gas phase and particles are in summer, due to the release of a large amount of N-Alkanes-rich higher plants in summer, combined with the contribution of vehicle exhaust. The maximum value of total concentration of gas phase PAHs is M2 (Xiao Wang Xiang Sun Zhuang), mainly of low ring PAHs, and the maximum of total concentration of PAHs in granular phase appears in M5 (Huabu Bridge), mainly in high ring PAHs. The maximum value of total PFRs concentration in gas phase is M2 (Xiao Wangxiang Sunzhuang), alkyl substituted PFRs is dominant, and the highest value of PFRs total concentration in granular phase is M4 (Xixian Dabukou), and aryl is the main substitute for PFRs. The highest concentration of N-Alkanes in the gas-phase neutralized granular phase is in M _ 6, and the main compound is n ~ (29) alkane. The concentration distribution of N-Alanes in gas phase is normal distribution with the increase of carbon number, while the distribution of N-Alkanes concentration in granular phase has a certain odd carbon number advantage. (3) the deposition flux of PAHs is in the range of 52.1 / 2.07E / 03 ng/m2/d,. Its average flux is 388 ng/m2/d;. The range of PFRs total sedimentation flux is 66.9 ng/m2/d; 1.12E03 ng/m2/d, average is 207 ng/m2/d;. The range of N-Alkanes total sedimentation flux is 3.98E03C3.52E05 ng/m2/d, average value is 3.78E04 ng/m2/d.PAHs, the maximum sedimentation flux appears in winter, the high ring number PAHs sedimentation flux is larger; The maximum deposition flux of PFRs occurs in spring, in which aryl substituted PFRs is the largest deposition flux. The maximum deposition flux of N-alkanes occurs in summer and that of normal 29 alkane is the largest. The maximum deposition fluxes of PAHs,PFRs and N-Alkanes occur at sampling sites M2 (Changtai Ganan Bridge), M4 (Xixian Dabkou) and M7 (Sanhejian mouth), respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X51
本文編號：2383127
[Abstract]:In this paper, the atmospheric environment in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River (Henan section) was studied for the first time. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the gas phase and the precipitated particle phase in 2013-2014 were systematically studied in this paper. The content characteristics, space-time distribution and deposition flux of organophosphorus flame retardant (PFRs) and n-alkane (N-Alkanes) make up the gaps in the study of PAHs,PFRs and N-Alkanes in the upper reaches of Huaihe River in China, and control the air pollution in the area of Huaihe River. The establishment of pops database and environmental management provide scientific basis. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the average concentration range of PAHs in gas phase is 3.61g / m ~ (3), and the average concentration of PAHs is 6.70E _ (03) ng/g; in granular phase sample and 483N _ (2.54) E _ (04) ng/g, respectively. The highest concentration in both phases is phenanthrene. The range of total concentration of PFRs in gas phase is 458C 1.83E 03 pg/m3, average is 963pg / m 3, and the range of total PFRs concentration in granular phase sample is 220E 4.56E ng/g, average 5.49E 03ng / g. The average concentration of N-Alkanes in gas phase is 3.42E, 03ng / m ~ (3), and the average concentration of ng/m3, is 14.1E 1.47E / m ~ (3). The average ng/g, value of N-Alkanes in granular phase is 8.22E040.12E06 ng/g, is 5.32E05ng / g, the most important substance in both phases is n-29 alkane. (2) the maximum value of total PAHs concentration in gas phase appears in winter. 2 and 3 ring PAHs were dominant. The maximum of total PAHs concentration in granular phase also appeared in winter, mainly in high ring PAHs, and the main reasons of PAHs in winter may be coal, power generation and other industrial activities and automobile exhaust emissions. The highest concentration of PFRs in gas phase is in winter, and the highest concentration of PFRs in alkyl substituted PFRs; particles is in spring, with aryl substituted for PFRs, and the seasonal difference of PFRs concentration may be determined by their usage and physicochemical properties. The highest concentrations of N-Alkanes in the gas phase and particles are in summer, due to the release of a large amount of N-Alkanes-rich higher plants in summer, combined with the contribution of vehicle exhaust. The maximum value of total concentration of gas phase PAHs is M2 (Xiao Wang Xiang Sun Zhuang), mainly of low ring PAHs, and the maximum of total concentration of PAHs in granular phase appears in M5 (Huabu Bridge), mainly in high ring PAHs. The maximum value of total PFRs concentration in gas phase is M2 (Xiao Wangxiang Sunzhuang), alkyl substituted PFRs is dominant, and the highest value of PFRs total concentration in granular phase is M4 (Xixian Dabukou), and aryl is the main substitute for PFRs. The highest concentration of N-Alkanes in the gas-phase neutralized granular phase is in M _ 6, and the main compound is n ~ (29) alkane. The concentration distribution of N-Alanes in gas phase is normal distribution with the increase of carbon number, while the distribution of N-Alkanes concentration in granular phase has a certain odd carbon number advantage. (3) the deposition flux of PAHs is in the range of 52.1 / 2.07E / 03 ng/m2/d,. Its average flux is 388 ng/m2/d;. The range of PFRs total sedimentation flux is 66.9 ng/m2/d; 1.12E03 ng/m2/d, average is 207 ng/m2/d;. The range of N-Alkanes total sedimentation flux is 3.98E03C3.52E05 ng/m2/d, average value is 3.78E04 ng/m2/d.PAHs, the maximum sedimentation flux appears in winter, the high ring number PAHs sedimentation flux is larger; The maximum deposition flux of PFRs occurs in spring, in which aryl substituted PFRs is the largest deposition flux. The maximum deposition flux of N-alkanes occurs in summer and that of normal 29 alkane is the largest. The maximum deposition fluxes of PAHs,PFRs and N-Alkanes occur at sampling sites M2 (Changtai Ganan Bridge), M4 (Xixian Dabkou) and M7 (Sanhejian mouth), respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X51
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