漢江漢中平川段魚類生境特征及模擬研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-16 14:27
【摘要】：漢江屬長江水系,為長江中游的一級支流。漢中平川段流經(jīng)陜西省漢中盆地, 土地肥沃,自然條件優(yōu)越,具有重要的生態(tài)功能,而且也是漢中市經(jīng)濟社會最發(fā)達的地區(qū),在整個漢江上游乃至陜南都有重要的地位。本文以漢江城市橋閘下游約10km典型魚類生境河段為例,以平川段代表性的優(yōu)勢種寬鰭渞為生境研究目標魚類,以橋閘不同運行方式下的多個流量水平使用MIKE21對研究河段進行二維模擬計算,進而使用ArcGIS分析了流量變化與魚類生境質(zhì)量-面積的響應關(guān)系,總結(jié)了流量與漢江漢中平川段優(yōu)勢種魚類生境的響應規(guī)律。主要研究內(nèi)容如卜:(1)進行了針對平川段干流的水生生態(tài)調(diào)查,掌握了平川段河流水生生態(tài)基本狀況,尤其是魚類種群基本狀態(tài)、魚類三場的分布,為后文選擇代表性河段和以優(yōu)勢種寬鰭渞為目標魚類研究魚類生境模擬提供理論依據(jù)。(2)建立了針對漢江漢中平川段河流健康評價體系并對平川段河道現(xiàn)狀進行了分段評價。根據(jù)河段現(xiàn)狀,平川段干流大部分河段為優(yōu)良的健康狀態(tài),38%為一般狀態(tài),僅有11%的河段為不健康。不健康的河段主要原因是河道內(nèi)工程施工和采砂作業(yè)破壞了河道原有水力學環(huán)境,從而對河道水生生態(tài)產(chǎn)生不良影響。(3)進行了魚類生境對流量變化的響應模擬研究。隨著模擬流量水平從較大流量開始降低,魚類生境總面積整體逐漸增加,并在流量為53.1 m3/s時達到最大,在此之后隨著流量水平進一步降低魚類生境總面積開始減小。在各個流量水平下,魚類生境面積中等質(zhì)量生境面積最多其次是高質(zhì)量生境面積,低質(zhì)量生境面積最少。在流量水平降低的過程中,魚類生境由低質(zhì)量向高質(zhì)量或者有高質(zhì)量向低質(zhì)量的轉(zhuǎn)變要優(yōu)先于其面積增長與消歿的發(fā)生。
[Abstract]:The Hanjiang River belongs to the Yangtze River and is a first-class tributary in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The Hanzhong Pingchuan section flows through the Hanzhong Basin of Shaanxi Province, with fertile land, superior natural conditions and important ecological functions. It is also the most developed area of economy and society in Hanzhong City, and plays an important role in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River and even in South Shaanxi. In this paper, the typical fish habitat of 10km in the lower reaches of Hanjiang city bridge sluice is taken as an example, and the dominant species in Pingchuan section is studied as the habitat target fish. In this paper, MIKE21 is used to simulate and calculate the two dimensional flow level of the studied river with different operation modes of bridge sluice, and then the response relationship between the flow change and the quality and area of fish habitat is analyzed by ArcGIS. The response law of the dominant species fish habitat in Hanzhong Pingchuan section of the Hanjiang River was summarized. The main contents of the study are as follows: (1) the basic aquatic ecological status of the river in Pingchuan section, especially the basic status of the fish population and the distribution of the three fields of fish, has been investigated in view of the main stream of Pingchuan section, and the basic condition of aquatic ecology of the river in Pingchuan section has been grasped. It provides a theoretical basis for the later selection of representative river reach and the study of fish habitat simulation with dominant species wide fin clear as the target fish. (2) A river health evaluation system for Hanzhong Pingchuan section of the Hanjiang River is established and the current situation of the river in Pingchuan section of the Hanjiang River is also discussed. A sectional evaluation was carried out. According to the present situation of the reach, most of the main reaches of Pingchuan reach are in good health, 38% are general, and only 11% are unhealthy. The main reason for the unhealthy reach is that the engineering construction and sand mining in the river have destroyed the original hydraulic environment of the river and have a negative impact on the aquatic ecology of the river. (3) the response of fish habitat to the change of the flow rate has been simulated. As the simulated flow level began to decrease from the larger flow level, the total area of fish habitat gradually increased, and reached the maximum when the flow rate was 53.1 m3 / s, and then the total area of fish habitat began to decrease with the decrease of flow level. Under different flow levels, the area of middle quality habitat was the most of fish habitat area, followed by high quality habitat area, and low quality habitat area was the least. The change of fish habitat from low quality to high quality or from high quality to low quality is prior to the occurrence of area growth and extinction.
【學位授予單位】：西安理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q958.8;X824
[Abstract]:The Hanjiang River belongs to the Yangtze River and is a first-class tributary in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The Hanzhong Pingchuan section flows through the Hanzhong Basin of Shaanxi Province, with fertile land, superior natural conditions and important ecological functions. It is also the most developed area of economy and society in Hanzhong City, and plays an important role in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River and even in South Shaanxi. In this paper, the typical fish habitat of 10km in the lower reaches of Hanjiang city bridge sluice is taken as an example, and the dominant species in Pingchuan section is studied as the habitat target fish. In this paper, MIKE21 is used to simulate and calculate the two dimensional flow level of the studied river with different operation modes of bridge sluice, and then the response relationship between the flow change and the quality and area of fish habitat is analyzed by ArcGIS. The response law of the dominant species fish habitat in Hanzhong Pingchuan section of the Hanjiang River was summarized. The main contents of the study are as follows: (1) the basic aquatic ecological status of the river in Pingchuan section, especially the basic status of the fish population and the distribution of the three fields of fish, has been investigated in view of the main stream of Pingchuan section, and the basic condition of aquatic ecology of the river in Pingchuan section has been grasped. It provides a theoretical basis for the later selection of representative river reach and the study of fish habitat simulation with dominant species wide fin clear as the target fish. (2) A river health evaluation system for Hanzhong Pingchuan section of the Hanjiang River is established and the current situation of the river in Pingchuan section of the Hanjiang River is also discussed. A sectional evaluation was carried out. According to the present situation of the reach, most of the main reaches of Pingchuan reach are in good health, 38% are general, and only 11% are unhealthy. The main reason for the unhealthy reach is that the engineering construction and sand mining in the river have destroyed the original hydraulic environment of the river and have a negative impact on the aquatic ecology of the river. (3) the response of fish habitat to the change of the flow rate has been simulated. As the simulated flow level began to decrease from the larger flow level, the total area of fish habitat gradually increased, and reached the maximum when the flow rate was 53.1 m3 / s, and then the total area of fish habitat began to decrease with the decrease of flow level. Under different flow levels, the area of middle quality habitat was the most of fish habitat area, followed by high quality habitat area, and low quality habitat area was the least. The change of fish habitat from low quality to high quality or from high quality to low quality is prior to the occurrence of area growth and extinction.
【學位授予單位】：西安理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q958.8;X824
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