《四書》德治思想研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-16 16:22
【摘要】：本文主要以《四書》文本為素材,借鑒前輩時賢的研究成果,從為政以德、養(yǎng)民富民、禮主刑輔三個方面對先秦儒家的德治主義思想做了系統(tǒng)梳理,以期為構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會、建設有中國特色的社會主義提供有益借鑒。 引言:對先秦儒家德治思想問題的提出及其意義、國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀、本文的研究框架和方法做了論述。 第一章:《四書》結(jié)構(gòu)理論及其德治思想的理論淵源。本章首先介紹了《四書》的組成結(jié)構(gòu)、各自的思想內(nèi)容以及它們的內(nèi)在相互聯(lián)系,然后論述了先秦儒家德治思想的理論來源。先秦儒家德治思想的產(chǎn)生、形成有其深遠的歷史文化淵源和深厚的思想根基。它是在繼承遠自上古傳說中的三皇五帝,近自西周以來的德治思想的基礎上形成的。 第二章:德治思想的核心。主要從正己化人、仁政愛民、尚賢任能三個方面對先秦儒家為政以德的思想進行了闡述。先秦儒家認為實行德治的關(guān)鍵是統(tǒng)治者首先要修身以德,正己化人;其次要以民為本,實行仁政;最后要德才并舉,選拔任用賢能之人來治國理政。這幾個方面是先秦儒家德治主義思想理論的核心所在。 第三章:德治的經(jīng)濟基礎。主要論述了先秦儒家德治主義的經(jīng)濟思想。先秦儒家堅持認為,要實現(xiàn)德治,首先就要采取有效措施養(yǎng)民富民。為此,他們主張為政者要以德為本、以財為末,做到輕賦薄斂、使民以時、節(jié)用愛民。并認為這是贏得民心、實現(xiàn)德治的基礎。 第四章:德治的制度保證。主要闡述了先秦儒家的禮主刑輔思想。在富民的基礎上教民,是先秦儒家德治思想的重要組成部分。先秦儒家認為以禮教化臣民,把人們的思想言行和情感納入禮的調(diào)節(jié)規(guī)范中,是實行德治的基本手段。但是,禮有其局限和不足,需要輔之以刑罰。因此,只有以禮為主,禮刑兼用,省刑慎罰,寬猛相濟才能從根本上保證德治的實行。 結(jié)語:先秦儒家的德治思想作為一種政治倫理制度,對中國古代社會的政治、經(jīng)濟、文化,乃至社會生活的方方面面都產(chǎn)生了極其深遠的歷史影響。時至今日,它的許多思想觀念仍深深地影響著人們的思想言行和情感。因此,以歷史唯物主義的態(tài)度,對之作出客觀正確的評價,必將給我們構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會、建設有中國特色的社會主義提供許多有益的理論和實踐借鑒。
[Abstract]:Based on the text of "four Books", and drawing on the research achievements of the predecessors, this paper systematically combs the thought of "rule by virtue" of the pre-Qin Confucianism from three aspects: the administration of morality, the cultivation of the people and the enrichment of the people, and the principle of propriety and punishment. In order to build a harmonious socialist society, the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics to provide useful reference. Introduction: to the pre-Qin Confucian thought of rule of virtue put forward and its significance, domestic and foreign research status, the research framework and methods of this paper is discussed. Chapter one: the theory of structure and its theoretical origin of rule of virtue. This chapter first introduces the composition of the "four Books", their ideological content and their internal relations, and then discusses the theoretical source of Confucian rule of virtue in the pre-Qin period. The formation of Confucian rule of virtue in pre-Qin period has its profound historical and cultural origin and profound ideological foundation. It is formed on the basis of inheriting the three kings and five emperors from ancient legend and the thought of rule of virtue since the Western Zhou Dynasty. Chapter two: the core of the thought of rule by virtue. This paper mainly expounds the thought of the pre-Qin Confucianists in order to govern by virtue from three aspects: upright people, benevolent politics and loving the people, and Shang Xian, Ren and Shang Xianchao. Pre-Qin Confucian thought that the key to implement the rule of virtue was that the ruler should first cultivate virtue and normalize himself; secondly he should take the people as the basis and implement benevolent government; finally he should develop both virtue and ability and select and appoint the people who could manage the country. These aspects are the core of the pre-Qin Confucian doctrine of rule of virtue. Chapter three: the economic foundation of rule by virtue. It mainly discusses the economic thought of the Confucian rule of virtue in the pre-Qin period. Pre-Qin Confucianism insisted that to achieve the rule of virtue, we must first take effective measures to enrich the people. For this reason, they advocate that those in power should take virtue as the basis and wealth as the end, so as to save time and love the people. And think this is to win the popular support, realize the foundation of rule by virtue. Chapter four: the system guarantee of rule by virtue. Mainly elaborated the pre-Qin Confucianist's thought of propriety, punishment and auxiliary. Teaching the people on the basis of enriching the people is an important part of the Confucian rule of virtue in the pre-Qin period. Pre-Qin Confucianists thought that it was the basic means to rule by virtue to educate subjects with rites, and to bring people's thoughts, words, words and feelings into the regulation norms of rites. However, ritual has its limitations and shortcomings, and needs to be supplemented by punishment. Therefore, only with the courtesy as the main, both the ceremony and punishment, save punishment careful punishment, lenient and fierce can fundamentally ensure the implementation of the rule of virtue. Conclusion: as a system of political ethics, the pre-Qin Confucian thought of rule by virtue has had a profound historical impact on the politics, economy, culture and even all aspects of social life in ancient China. Today, many of its ideas still deeply affect people's thoughts, words and feelings. Therefore, taking the attitude of historical materialism and making an objective and correct evaluation of it, we will certainly provide many useful theoretical and practical references for us to build a harmonious socialist society and build socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【學位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D09
本文編號：2382688
[Abstract]:Based on the text of "four Books", and drawing on the research achievements of the predecessors, this paper systematically combs the thought of "rule by virtue" of the pre-Qin Confucianism from three aspects: the administration of morality, the cultivation of the people and the enrichment of the people, and the principle of propriety and punishment. In order to build a harmonious socialist society, the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics to provide useful reference. Introduction: to the pre-Qin Confucian thought of rule of virtue put forward and its significance, domestic and foreign research status, the research framework and methods of this paper is discussed. Chapter one: the theory of structure and its theoretical origin of rule of virtue. This chapter first introduces the composition of the "four Books", their ideological content and their internal relations, and then discusses the theoretical source of Confucian rule of virtue in the pre-Qin period. The formation of Confucian rule of virtue in pre-Qin period has its profound historical and cultural origin and profound ideological foundation. It is formed on the basis of inheriting the three kings and five emperors from ancient legend and the thought of rule of virtue since the Western Zhou Dynasty. Chapter two: the core of the thought of rule by virtue. This paper mainly expounds the thought of the pre-Qin Confucianists in order to govern by virtue from three aspects: upright people, benevolent politics and loving the people, and Shang Xian, Ren and Shang Xianchao. Pre-Qin Confucian thought that the key to implement the rule of virtue was that the ruler should first cultivate virtue and normalize himself; secondly he should take the people as the basis and implement benevolent government; finally he should develop both virtue and ability and select and appoint the people who could manage the country. These aspects are the core of the pre-Qin Confucian doctrine of rule of virtue. Chapter three: the economic foundation of rule by virtue. It mainly discusses the economic thought of the Confucian rule of virtue in the pre-Qin period. Pre-Qin Confucianism insisted that to achieve the rule of virtue, we must first take effective measures to enrich the people. For this reason, they advocate that those in power should take virtue as the basis and wealth as the end, so as to save time and love the people. And think this is to win the popular support, realize the foundation of rule by virtue. Chapter four: the system guarantee of rule by virtue. Mainly elaborated the pre-Qin Confucianist's thought of propriety, punishment and auxiliary. Teaching the people on the basis of enriching the people is an important part of the Confucian rule of virtue in the pre-Qin period. Pre-Qin Confucianists thought that it was the basic means to rule by virtue to educate subjects with rites, and to bring people's thoughts, words, words and feelings into the regulation norms of rites. However, ritual has its limitations and shortcomings, and needs to be supplemented by punishment. Therefore, only with the courtesy as the main, both the ceremony and punishment, save punishment careful punishment, lenient and fierce can fundamentally ensure the implementation of the rule of virtue. Conclusion: as a system of political ethics, the pre-Qin Confucian thought of rule by virtue has had a profound historical impact on the politics, economy, culture and even all aspects of social life in ancient China. Today, many of its ideas still deeply affect people's thoughts, words and feelings. Therefore, taking the attitude of historical materialism and making an objective and correct evaluation of it, we will certainly provide many useful theoretical and practical references for us to build a harmonious socialist society and build socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【學位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D09
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