【摘要】：劉宋政權(quán)的建立,使得以北府兵為基礎(chǔ)的劉裕政治集團(tuán)開(kāi)始從軍事至政治上漸漸走向獨(dú)立。隨著皇權(quán)政治的復(fù)興,門(mén)閥士族的勢(shì)力逐漸衰落。而宗室作為與王朝最高統(tǒng)治者具有血緣關(guān)系的特殊社會(huì)群體,便成為皇帝加強(qiáng)個(gè)人控制力的關(guān)鍵性工具。君主與宗室之間的關(guān)系是十分微妙的,他們既相互利用,又相互斗爭(zhēng)。 在皇權(quán)政治復(fù)興背景下,劉宋宗室力量得以迅速擴(kuò)張與其任官仕進(jìn)制度有著直接的關(guān)系�？v觀劉宋一朝,宗室成員在中央及地方所任的職務(wù)中,任武職者明顯多于任文職者,尤其以擔(dān)任地方都督者占多數(shù),這與劉宋統(tǒng)治者任用宗王出鎮(zhèn)的基本政策有著直接的關(guān)系。從宗室在中央任職情況來(lái)看,任榮譽(yù)清官者居多,參謀咨議官員也明顯多于執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的官員,所任職官的官品一般都比較高。 宗王出鎮(zhèn)作為劉宋的基本政策之一,最核心的指導(dǎo)思想還是希望借此保障統(tǒng)治的穩(wěn)定。只不過(guò)由于皇權(quán)的至高無(wú)上,在重用宗室出鎮(zhèn)的同時(shí),其實(shí)力過(guò)大所導(dǎo)致的尾大不掉的副作用也比較突出。宗王出鎮(zhèn)導(dǎo)致由太子直接即位的皇帝權(quán)力不穩(wěn),而出鎮(zhèn)過(guò)地方的皇帝,由于曾擔(dān)任都督,往往還兼任數(shù)州刺史,同時(shí)擁有治民權(quán)與治軍權(quán),登位后自然權(quán)力穩(wěn)固。為了防止地方勢(shì)力膨脹,統(tǒng)治者大量起用寒人,在地方設(shè)置典簽、行事等進(jìn)行監(jiān)督控制。從任期時(shí)間來(lái)看,諸王一般在某一州鎮(zhèn)的任職時(shí)間都相對(duì)比較短,到王朝后期更是頻繁更替職位,這也是皇權(quán)有效控制宗室勢(shì)力發(fā)展的措施之一。 門(mén)閥士族力量到了南朝雖然遭到了削弱,但是在相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)仍是皇權(quán)依靠的重要?jiǎng)萘?他們與新起的庶族、宗室等力量不可避免地展開(kāi)了權(quán)力的爭(zhēng)奪。細(xì)繹每一次劉宋宗室內(nèi)亂,都可以發(fā)現(xiàn)門(mén)閥士族的身影活躍其間�？梢哉f(shuō),在宗室內(nèi)亂中,高門(mén)與寒庶、高門(mén)與皇權(quán)之間的斗爭(zhēng)是一味重要的催化劑。劉宋統(tǒng)治者一直在試圖找尋宗室、高門(mén)、寒門(mén)等各方面勢(shì)力間的平衡點(diǎn),但是都未能成功,這與皇權(quán)的基礎(chǔ)較為薄弱有著直接的關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:With the establishment of Liu Song regime, Liu Yu political group based on Beifubing began to move towards independence from military to political. With the revival of imperial power politics, the power of the patriarchal clan gradually declined. As a special social group with blood relationship with the supreme ruler of the dynasty, the imperial clan became the key tool for the emperor to strengthen his personal control. The relationship between monarchs and clans is very delicate, they both use each other and struggle against each other. In the context of the revival of imperial power, the rapid expansion of the imperial power of Liu Song had a direct relationship with his system of official advancement. Throughout the first Dynasty of Liu and Song Dynasty, the number of military officers in the central and local government was obviously more than that of civilian officers, especially those who served as local governors, which was directly related to the basic policy of the rulers of Liu and Song to appoint zongwang out of town. From the perspective of the monarchs serving in the central government, most of them are honours, and the number of staff officers is obviously more than that of the executive agencies, and the officials who hold office are generally relatively high. As one of Liu Song's basic policies, the core guiding ideology is to ensure the stability of rule. Only because of the supremacy of imperial power, in the reuse of clan out of town at the same time, its strength caused by too big side effects are also more prominent. The emperor who went out of town by the prince directly became the emperor's power was unstable, and the emperor who had gone out of town, because he had served as governor of the city, often also held the history of several states' thorns, at the same time, he had the right to govern civil rights and the army, and the natural power after he ascended the throne was stable. In order to prevent the expansion of local power, the rulers used a large number of cold people, set up local sign, act and other supervision and control. From the term of office, the kings generally held office in a certain state and town relatively short, to the late dynasty is more frequent replacement of posts, which is also one of the measures of the imperial power to effectively control the development of patriarchal power. Although the power of the patriarchal clan was weakened in the Southern Dynasty, it was still an important power relying on the imperial power for a long time. Every time Liu-Song clan civil unrest, can be found that the figure of the door-master is active in the meantime. It can be said that in the internal strife of the monarchy, the struggle between the high gate and the cold, the struggle between the high gate and the imperial power is the catalyst of blindly importance. The rulers of Liu and Song Dynasty have been trying to find the balance point among various forces, such as clan, high gate, Hanmen and so on, but they have failed, which is directly related to the weak foundation of imperial power.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D691;K239.11

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本文編號(hào)：2136057