【摘要】：本論文以隋代統(tǒng)一進(jìn)程中不同地域集團(tuán)之間的關(guān)系為線索,通過(guò)若干專題的考察,系統(tǒng)探析了結(jié)束南北分裂的統(tǒng)一政權(quán)隋王朝對(duì)全國(guó)進(jìn)行政治整合的過(guò)程。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中所面對(duì)的是隋朝政治生活中最大最棘手的問(wèn)題。作為關(guān)隴集團(tuán)的核心成員和政治代表,隋朝統(tǒng)治者需要履行“承續(xù)”——即維護(hù)自身所屬集團(tuán)的根本利益的職責(zé)。而作為統(tǒng)一帝國(guó)的政治總代理人,他們又必須肩負(fù)“更始”——即需要調(diào)整不同地域勢(shì)力之間的政治關(guān)系的任務(wù),以便在統(tǒng)治利益均衡化的基礎(chǔ)上來(lái)維持大一統(tǒng)政權(quán)的穩(wěn)固。這種在“承續(xù)”與“更始”之間的矛盾是結(jié)束大分裂的隋朝所面對(duì)的特殊時(shí)代命題,這個(gè)王朝復(fù)雜坎坷的短暫歷程都是圍繞著這一命題而展開(kāi)。 本論文首先分析楊隋家族的政治崛起歷程,由此來(lái)觀察這一家族在關(guān)隴集團(tuán)中的派別歸屬和地位變化。這二者直接影響到開(kāi)皇前期楊隋家族和關(guān)隴勛貴間的復(fù)雜關(guān)系和激烈斗爭(zhēng),同時(shí)也左右著楊堅(jiān)的親信集團(tuán)“四貴”的形成與發(fā)展。隨后以開(kāi)皇后期的易儲(chǔ)斗爭(zhēng)進(jìn)展為線索,來(lái)觀察這一時(shí)期占據(jù)政治優(yōu)勢(shì)的關(guān)隴集團(tuán)內(nèi)部派系的新變化,也是在這一時(shí)期,進(jìn)入統(tǒng)一政權(quán)的南方地域勢(shì)力開(kāi)始參與隋朝中央政治結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整,大一統(tǒng)帝國(guó)中不同地域勢(shì)力之間開(kāi)始新的政治整合。第三章首先考察隋朝末年長(zhǎng)安和洛陽(yáng)兩個(gè)留守系統(tǒng)的組成和演變,對(duì)比后發(fā)現(xiàn)出身關(guān)隴集團(tuán)的李淵是在本集團(tuán)的支持下奪取了關(guān)中地區(qū),而身為南方勢(shì)力代表的王世充卻無(wú)法調(diào)和東都內(nèi)部不同地域勢(shì)力間的糾紛,其實(shí)前此的留守系統(tǒng)首領(lǐng)樊子蓋和后此的王世充,均陷于不同地域集團(tuán)在東都的混雜和博弈所造成的窘境中。正是在這種特殊局勢(shì)下,李唐政權(quán)創(chuàng)建者通過(guò)凝聚關(guān)隴集團(tuán)勢(shì)力,先后占據(jù)兩京,通過(guò)對(duì)諸地域勢(shì)力的有效整合而最終取勝。如果說(shuō)隋朝大一統(tǒng)最終破滅的一個(gè)重要因素是統(tǒng)治階層中的地域集團(tuán)背景,那么,唐的再統(tǒng)一,或者說(shuō)在隋朝尚未完成的政治統(tǒng)合進(jìn)程中的繼續(xù)前行,仍然離不開(kāi)這一背景。我們從本章關(guān)于長(zhǎng)安、洛陽(yáng)的分析,以及前幾章的論述中,處處都可見(jiàn)這一背景在起作用。最后,我們以欽州寧氏家族和永安周氏家族作為個(gè)案,來(lái)觀察以關(guān)隴集團(tuán)為核心的隋唐政治整合過(guò)程中南方土著勢(shì)力的融入及其特點(diǎn),并從社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的角度考察中央政府對(duì)這些邊緣地區(qū)進(jìn)行文化融合的努力及后者的不同反應(yīng)。 與已有的相關(guān)研究相比,本論文有所創(chuàng)新之處主要表現(xiàn)在以下三個(gè)方面。 第一,著重理順了楊隋家族與關(guān)隴集團(tuán)在政治上的歷史淵源。前人研究多側(cè)重關(guān)注楊隋家族的族屬和其先祖的生活地域,以此來(lái)探求楊隋家族與關(guān)隴集團(tuán)的關(guān)系。本論文認(rèn)為這個(gè)家族在政治上崛起的關(guān)鍵在于隋文帝楊堅(jiān)之父楊忠的個(gè)人政治歷程,他在北魏末年政治亂局中投入獨(dú)孤信帳下,與之形成政治和私人間的雙重君臣關(guān)系,這種關(guān)系直接影響到楊忠本人西魏時(shí)期在關(guān)隴集團(tuán)中的派別歸屬,更左右著其子楊堅(jiān)在北周時(shí)期政治地位的起伏。而在代周建隋和隋初加強(qiáng)中央集權(quán)的過(guò)程中,楊隋家族也從這種人脈關(guān)系中受益非淺�？梢哉f(shuō)正是楊忠為其家族確立的派別歸屬和人脈關(guān)系,左右著其子楊堅(jiān)及其家族后來(lái)的政治生命。也正是通過(guò)他在西魏北周的諸多政治經(jīng)歷,楊隋家族才與關(guān)隴集團(tuán)形成了特殊的共生關(guān)系。這不但影響著后來(lái)?xiàng)钏寮易宄蓡T間的關(guān)系演變,也左右著這一家族與關(guān)隴集團(tuán)不同派別的親疏離合。從北魏末楊忠的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷來(lái)看,他最終躋身關(guān)隴集團(tuán)權(quán)力上層不乏歷史機(jī)緣,但從北朝、隋唐之際的整個(gè)歷史過(guò)程來(lái)看,在建立新王朝尤其是統(tǒng)一全國(guó)之后楊隋家族與關(guān)隴集團(tuán)不同派別的親疏離合,卻顯示出某一種歷史必然性。 第二,本論文深入探討了全國(guó)統(tǒng)一之后關(guān)隴集團(tuán)與其它地域集團(tuán)的整合過(guò)程。開(kāi)皇前期的中央政治斗爭(zhēng)主要是在關(guān)隴集團(tuán)內(nèi)部各派系之間進(jìn)行。當(dāng)開(kāi)皇九年平陳戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束之后,南方等地域集團(tuán)開(kāi)始介入中樞權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,這主要圍繞長(zhǎng)達(dá)十年的易儲(chǔ)斗爭(zhēng)展開(kāi)。時(shí)為揚(yáng)州總管的晉王楊廣一方面大力召納南方士人擴(kuò)充本身勢(shì)力,一方面與關(guān)隴集團(tuán)中楊素一系勢(shì)力交結(jié),在兩方面勢(shì)力支持下迅速開(kāi)展奪儲(chǔ)計(jì)劃。太子楊勇在婚姻問(wèn)題上與堅(jiān)持關(guān)隴價(jià)值本位的文帝夫婦發(fā)生矛盾、親子關(guān)系破裂而失寵的同時(shí),其支持者高穎一系勢(shì)力又因?yàn)檎肿儎?dòng)而失勢(shì)。在對(duì)立雙方優(yōu)劣日顯的情況下隋文帝最終選擇支持楊廣,這場(chǎng)易儲(chǔ)斗爭(zhēng)的背后,顯示出統(tǒng)一后不同地域集團(tuán)之間對(duì)立磨合的新景象。 對(duì)于大業(yè)年間各地域集團(tuán)的生存狀態(tài)及相互間的關(guān)系演變的認(rèn)識(shí),學(xué)界存在較大差異,有的觀點(diǎn)甚至認(rèn)為到這個(gè)時(shí)期關(guān)隴集團(tuán)已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在。本論文以隋末長(zhǎng)安和東都兩個(gè)隋朝政治、軍事中心及其鎮(zhèn)守集團(tuán)的演變歷程為切入點(diǎn),來(lái)觀察大業(yè)年間不同地域勢(shì)力間關(guān)系的發(fā)展。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)晉陽(yáng)起兵后李淵之所以能夠迅速占據(jù)關(guān)中,在于得到所謂“關(guān)中盜賊”和郡縣官吏這兩種關(guān)隴集團(tuán)中的政治失意力量的支持。這兩種政治力量大部分不滿隋煬帝大業(yè)年間政治改革,因此支持出身八柱國(guó)家的李淵作為本集團(tuán)新的政治代理人。在某種程度上來(lái)看,李淵速取大興城更像是一場(chǎng)早已預(yù)演好的政變,操縱其演出的就是當(dāng)時(shí)勢(shì)力依然強(qiáng)大的關(guān)隴集團(tuán)。 與之形成鮮明對(duì)比的是東都留守系統(tǒng)的演變過(guò)程。從樊子蓋負(fù)責(zé)第一階段留守一直到王世充偽鄭政權(quán)覆火,東都內(nèi)部始終存在著不同地域(主要是關(guān)隴和南方)勢(shì)力之間的矛盾和斗爭(zhēng)。東都留守中這種政治格局極為類似大業(yè)年間中央權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)中的矛盾狀態(tài)。李唐政權(quán)完勝偽鄭政權(quán)可以視作關(guān)隴集團(tuán)在大業(yè)年間的政治整合中所喪失利益的一次收復(fù),也是對(duì)進(jìn)入中央政局的其他地域集團(tuán)的一次清洗。但再次完成統(tǒng)一的李唐王朝依舊繼承了隋朝的政治整合策略,關(guān)隴集團(tuán)也不得不與山東、南方等地域集團(tuán)進(jìn)行合作與融合。隋朝尤其是隋煬帝時(shí)期在政治整合中對(duì)各地域勢(shì)力處理的得失,為李唐繼續(xù)深化統(tǒng)一的進(jìn)程提供了前車之鑒。 第三,本論文也注意從地域集團(tuán)本身的角度來(lái)觀察北朝統(tǒng)一南朝后,觀察他們?cè)谌谌虢y(tǒng)一過(guò)程中的不同表現(xiàn)并探求其原因。本論文選擇了前人在這一角度罕有研究的兩個(gè)南方邊境豪族作為案例：欽州寧氏和永安周氏。前一個(gè)家族是位于嶺南邊疆的崛起于梁陳之際的少數(shù)族豪族。在隋朝強(qiáng)大的軍事壓力下,他們逐漸參與統(tǒng)一政權(quán)的各種政治活動(dòng),其地域豪族色彩開(kāi)始消退。但隋朝末年嶺南發(fā)生動(dòng)亂后,他們就故態(tài)重萌,重新稱霸鄉(xiāng)里。后一個(gè)家族位于長(zhǎng)江中游,系南北朝對(duì)峙時(shí)代中間地帶的漢族豪族。其家族代表人物周法尚不但參與了隋朝統(tǒng)一南北的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),之后更成為隋朝鞏固統(tǒng)一政策的執(zhí)行者。在隋末的亂局中,周氏家族也重新起兵鄉(xiāng)里,恢復(fù)了舊有勢(shì)力范圍。但隨著唐朝再次統(tǒng)一全國(guó),這兩個(gè)家族重新回歸到政治轉(zhuǎn)型的道路上,繼續(xù)由地方豪族向中央集權(quán)制下的帝國(guó)官僚轉(zhuǎn)化。這兩個(gè)地域豪族入唐后先后出現(xiàn)中第進(jìn)士,其中寧原悌成為嶺南第一個(gè)進(jìn)士,周氏后裔周墀不但進(jìn)士中第,而后還在唐宣宗時(shí)出任宰相。另一方面,我們也注意觀察這兩個(gè)家族進(jìn)入統(tǒng)一政權(quán)后在社會(huì)身份上的自覺(jué)與轉(zhuǎn)變,這主要從其婚姻取向和文化修養(yǎng)兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行考察。相比政治轉(zhuǎn)型,永安周氏的社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型比地處嶺南邊境的欽州寧氏要迅速和深入,通過(guò)與隋唐兩代皇族和高門的不斷聯(lián)姻,周氏家族較為自覺(jué)地進(jìn)行了深層次的自我轉(zhuǎn)型。 通過(guò)對(duì)這兩家族的個(gè)案研究,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)南北朝分裂時(shí)期蘊(yùn)含在各個(gè)地域間的有利于統(tǒng)一的因素,在隋朝多層次的政治整合政策下被調(diào)動(dòng)和發(fā)揮出來(lái),不同的地域勢(shì)力在自覺(jué)與不自覺(jué)間開(kāi)始融合進(jìn)統(tǒng)一的洪流。他們雖然力圖保持自身的地域優(yōu)勢(shì),最終的結(jié)果卻都是徒勞無(wú)功。繼隋而起的唐朝并未給這些地域豪族恢復(fù)舊貌的機(jī)會(huì),將他們帶入了不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的的政治整合浪潮中。
[Abstract]:This paper, taking the relationship between the different regional groups in the Sui Dynasty as a clue, makes a systematic analysis of the process of the political integration of the Sui Dynasty in the Sui Dynasty, which is the biggest and most difficult problem in the Sui Dynasty. As the core members and political representatives, the rulers of the Sui Dynasty need to perform the responsibility of "continuing" - that is, to maintain the fundamental interests of their own group. And as the general political agent of the United Empire, they must shoulder the "change" - that is, the task of adjusting the political relations between different regional forces in order to balance the rule of interest. The contradiction between "inheriting" and "beginning" is the special time proposition that the Sui Dynasty faces to the end of the big split. The complicated short course of this dynasty revolves around this proposition.
This paper first analyzes the political rise course of the Yang Sui family, thus observing the family affiliation and position change in Guanlong group. These two directly affect the complex relationship and fierce struggle between the Yang Sui family in the early period of the emperor of Kai - Kai and Guan Long Lord, and the formation and development of the "four precious" of Yang Jian's family letter group. In this period, the southern regional forces that entered the unified regime began to participate in the adjustment of the political structure of the Sui Dynasty, and the new politics between different regional forces in the great empire began to start a new politics. In the third chapter, the third chapter first inspects the composition and evolution of the two left behind systems in Changan and Luoyang in the end of the Sui Dynasty. After comparison, it was found that Guan Long Group's Li Yuan was under the support of this group to seize the Guanzhong area, but Wang Shichong, the representative of the southern forces, could not reconcile the disputes between different regional forces in the East. Wang Shichong, the leader of the head of the system, and the latter, were all trapped in the confusion and game of the different regional groups in the East. It was in this special situation that the founder of the Li Tang regime took up two Beijing by condensing the forces of Guanlong group, and won the final victory through the effective integration of the regional power. If Sui Zhaoda said, Sui Zhaoda An important factor in the final disillusionment is the background of the regional group in the ruling class. Then, the reunification of the Tang Dynasty, or the continuation of the Sui Dynasty's unfinished political integration process, is still inseparable from this background. We can see this background from this chapter on the analysis of Changan, Luoyang and the previous chapters. In the end, we take the Ninglong family in Qinzhou and the Zhou family in Yongan as a case to observe the integration and characteristics of the southern Aboriginal forces in the process of the political integration of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, which is the core of the Guanlong group, and to examine the efforts of the central government to carry out cultural integration on these marginal areas and the different counter measures from the angle of social transformation. It should.
Compared with other related researches, the innovation of this paper is mainly manifested in the following three aspects.
First, the historical origin of the Yang Sui family and Guanlong group was straightened out emphatically. The previous studies focused on the family of the Yang Sui family and the living regions of his ancestors, in order to explore the relationship between the Yang Sui family and the Guanlong group. The key to this family's political rise was the father of the Sui Wendi Yang's father Yang Zhong. In the political course of the late Northern Wei Dynasty, he entered the political and private account of the political and private relations with him in the political turmoil of the late Northern Wei Dynasty, which directly affected the factions of Yang Zhong himself in the period of the Western Wei Dynasty in Guan Long group, and the political status of his son Yang Jian during the Northern Zhou Dynasty. And he added to Zhou Jiansui and the early Sui Dynasty. In the process of strong centralization, the Yang Sui family also benefited from this kind of relationship. It can be said that it was the affiliation and relationship between the factions of Yang Zhongwei's family and the political life of his son Yang Jian and his family later. It was through his many political experiences in the Northern Zhou Dynasty of the Western Wei Dynasty that the Yang Sui family was formed with the Guanlong group. The special symbiotic relationship not only influenced the relationship between the members of the Yang Sui family later, but also left the family and the different factions of Guanlong group close together. From the personal experience of Yang Zhong in the late Northern Wei Dynasty, he eventually became a historical opportunity for the upper Guanlong group, but from the northern Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the whole historical process came from the Northern Dynasty. Look, after the establishment of the new dynasty, especially the unification of the whole country, the closeness and separation of the different factions of the Yang Sui family and Guanlong group showed a certain historical inevitability.
Second, this paper discusses the integration process of Guanlong group and other regional groups after the national reunification. The central political struggle in the early period of the emperor opened mainly between the various factions within the Guanlong group. After the end of the nine year war, the South and other regional groups began to intervene in the adjustment of the central power structure, which mainly revolves around the length of the central power structure. On the one hand, Yang Suyi, the king of Jin and Yang Guang, the king of the Yangzhou General Administration, was energetically summoning the southern scholars to expand their own power. On the one hand, he joined the forces of the Yang Suyi system in Guanlong group and carried out the storage plan with the support of the two forces. At the same time, when the relationship of parent-child relationship broke up and fell out of favor, the supporters of Gao Ying were also lost because of the political changes. In the case of the confrontation between the two sides, the Sui Wendi finally chose to support Yang Guang, and behind the easy storage struggle, it showed a new scene of the opposition between the different regional groups after the unification.
There are great differences in the understanding of the state of existence and the evolution of the relationship between the regional groups in the great years of the great industry. Some points of view even think that the Guanlong group has ceased to exist in this period. This thesis is based on the evolution of the two Sui Dynasty politics, the military center and its town group in the end of the Sui and Eastern Changan. The development of the relations between different regional forces during the great years of the great industry, we found that Li Yuan was able to occupy the Guanzhong quickly after the initiation of the army, which was supported by the political disappointments of the two kinds of Guan Long group, the so-called "Guanzhong thieves" and the prefectures and counties. Most of these two political forces were dissatisfied with the political reform in the years of Suiti's great industry. Li Yuan, who supported the eight - column country, is a new political agent for the group. To some extent, Li Yuan's quick withdrawal of Daxing city is more like a previewed coup, which is manipulated by the still powerful Guan Long group.
The formation of the system is in sharp contrast to the evolution process of the left behind system in east capital. From the first stage to Wang Shichong's false Zheng regime, the east capital has always existed contradictions and struggles between the forces of different regions (mainly the Guanlong and the South). The contradictory state of the force structure. The Li Tang regime's victory over the puppet Zheng regime can be regarded as a recovery of the loss of the political integration of Guan Long Group during the great years of political integration and a cleaning of the other regional groups entering the central political situation. But the reunification of the Li Tang Dynasty still inherited the political integration strategy of the Sui Dynasty, and Guan Longji. The regiment also had to cooperate and integrate with Shandong, South and other regional groups. The gains and losses of the Sui Dynasty, especially in the Suiti period, in the political integration of the regional forces, provided a warning for Li Tang to continue to deepen the process of reunification.
Third, this thesis also pays attention to the observation of the different manifestations of their integration in the process of integration and reunification of the Northern Dynasty from the perspective of the regional group itself, and to explore the reasons for their differences in the process of integration into the unification process. This thesis chooses the two southern border Howes as a case: Qinzhou Ningshi and Yongan Zhou. In the border area of South of the Five Ridges, the minority ethnic minority who rose from the border of Liang and Chen. Under the strong military pressure of the Sui Dynasty, they gradually participated in various political activities of the unified regime. The color of the local tyrants began to fade away. But after the unrest of South of the Five Ridges in the last year of the Sui Dynasty, they sprout and recalled the hegemony. The latter family was located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the north and south of the Yangtze River. In the middle of the confrontation, the Han nationality in the middle of the confrontation era. His family representative, Zhou FA Shang, not only participated in the Sui Dynasty's war in the north and the south, but also became the executor of the Sui Dynasty's consolidation and unification policy. In the late Sui Dynasty, the Zhou family restarted the countryside and restored the old forces. But with the reunification of the Tang Dynasty, the two families were reunified throughout the country. On the road of political transformation, the people of the two ethnic groups continue to convert to the imperial bureaucracy under the centralism of the central government. The two regions have appeared in the middle of the Tang Dynasty. Among them, Ningyuan became the first scholar in south of the Five Ridges, and Zhou's descendants were not only the prime minister but also the prime minister in Tang Xuanzong. On the other hand, we were the prime minister. We also pay attention to the consciousness and change of the two families in social identity after their entry into the unified regime. This is mainly from the two aspects of their marriage orientation and cultural accomplishment. Compared to the political transformation, the social transformation of Yongan Zhou's society is faster and deeper than the Qinzhou Ningshi at the border between south of the Five Ridges and the Sui and Tang Dynasties and the two generations of the Royal and Gao men. Broken Union, Zhou family consciously carried out a deep self transformation.
Through the case study of the two families, we find that the division of the northern and Southern Dynasties is beneficial to the unity among the various regions, and has been mobilized and brought into play under the multi level political integration policy of the Sui Dynasty. In the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty did not give them a chance to restore their old features, and brought them into the irreversible wave of political integration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D691;K241

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