本文選題：南京國民政府 + 湖南　； 參考：《湖南科技大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：在中華文明5000年的發(fā)展歷程中,瘟疫無時(shí)不在,無數(shù)次侵襲著我們的先民,它是自然環(huán)境和社會(huì)環(huán)境綜合作用的結(jié)果,有著極強(qiáng)的傳染性與致命性,給人類帶來了巨大的苦難。至南京國民政府統(tǒng)治時(shí)期,疫病流行依然猖獗。本文運(yùn)用歷史學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)等方面的理論與知識(shí),以南京國民政府統(tǒng)治時(shí)期(1928-1949年)為時(shí)間段,探討湖南境內(nèi)疫病流行狀況、流行原因、解析其流行特點(diǎn)以及對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厣鐣?huì)所造成的危害和影響等。通過探討,為以后疫病流行的防治提供一定的借鑒和參考。 這段時(shí)期影響湖南湖南境內(nèi)主要的疫病多達(dá)數(shù)十種,幾乎無年不發(fā),無處不疫,尤其是1937年抗戰(zhàn)開始以后逐漸加劇,平均每年都有數(shù)種疫病流行,有些年份有多達(dá)20-30個(gè)縣份受到侵害,往往在很短的時(shí)間內(nèi)就會(huì)造成“無人不病,無家不病,耕耘無夫,炊食無婦”的局面。疫病屢屢頻繁流行,究其原因是當(dāng)?shù)氐淖匀灰蛩嘏c社會(huì)因素綜合作用的結(jié)果。湘省本身的氣候、頻發(fā)的水旱災(zāi)害為疾疫的孽生提供了適宜的自然條件;隨著日軍的鐵蹄踏入湘境,戰(zhàn)區(qū)城鎮(zhèn)破壞不堪,難民不斷增多,人口流動(dòng)性劇增,加之民眾不良的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣和生活習(xí)俗、落后的醫(yī)療條件,惡劣的環(huán)境衛(wèi)生進(jìn)一步刺激疫病的流行與傳播。湘省疫病本身就具有傳染性大、發(fā)病率高的特點(diǎn),在以上種種因素的刺激下,使得疫區(qū)范圍更廣,疫情發(fā)生頻率更高;流行持續(xù)時(shí)間更長。 湘省疫病的廣泛流行與傳播,給社會(huì)帶來了巨大的危害和影響。它嚴(yán)重危害民眾的身體健康,導(dǎo)致大量人口染疫與死亡;破壞農(nóng)村的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì);阻礙商業(yè)貿(mào)易的發(fā)展;消弱軍隊(duì)的戰(zhàn)斗力,阻礙抗戰(zhàn);加劇財(cái)政的拮據(jù);導(dǎo)致民眾心理恐慌,社會(huì)秩序失衡等。
[Abstract]:In the 5000 years of development of Chinese civilization, plague has been constantly and innumerably attacking our ancestors. It is the result of the comprehensive action of natural environment and social environment, which has strong infectivity and fatality, and has brought great suffering to mankind.To the Nanjing National Government rule, the epidemic is still rampant.Based on the theories and knowledge of history, sociology and medicine, taking the period of Nanjing National Government (1928-1949) as a time period, this paper discusses the epidemic situation and causes of epidemic disease in Hunan.Analysis of its epidemic characteristics and the local society caused by harm and impact, and so on.Through the discussion, it can provide some reference for the prevention and cure of epidemic disease in the future.During this period, as many as dozens of major epidemics affected Hunan Province, almost every year, and there was no place without disease. In particular, after the War of Resistance against Japan began in 1937, the epidemic gradually intensified, and on average, several kinds of epidemic diseases were prevalent every year.In some years, as many as 20-30 counties have been infringed, often in a very short period of time will result in "no one is not sick, no disease, no husband, cooking without women."Epidemic disease is frequently prevalent, which is caused by the combined action of local natural factors and social factors.The climate of Hunan Province itself, frequent floods and droughts provide suitable natural conditions for the plague victims. With the Japanese army stepping into Hunan territory, the war zone towns are badly damaged, the number of refugees continues to increase, and the population mobility increases dramatically.In addition, poor traditional habits and living customs, backward medical conditions and poor environmental hygiene further stimulate the epidemic and spread of the epidemic.The epidemic disease in Hunan province itself has the characteristics of high infectivity and high incidence. Under the stimulation of the above factors, the epidemic area is wider, the epidemic frequency is higher, and the epidemic duration is longer.The widespread epidemic and spread of epidemic disease in Hunan province have brought great harm and influence to the society.It seriously endangers the health of the population and results in a large number of people infected with epidemics and deaths; undermines the social economy in the countryside; hinders the development of commercial trade; weakens the army's combat effectiveness and impedes the war against Japan; exacerbates financial constraints; and leads to psychological panic among the public.An imbalance in social order, etc.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K262.9

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