麥克唐納“國家政策”的歷史地位
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-26 19:06
【摘要】： 約翰·亞歷山大·麥克唐納作為加拿大自治領(lǐng)的首任總理,在完成“從海洋到海洋”領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張的前提下,不囿于傳統(tǒng)觀念,解放思想,適時(shí)提出以促進(jìn)國家全面整合與發(fā)展為主旨的強(qiáng)國政策——“國家政策”,以修建太平洋鐵路為中心,西部移民和保護(hù)關(guān)稅為輔,三者相互促進(jìn),使加拿大的綜合國力邁上了新臺(tái)階。這一政策的出臺(tái)并付諸實(shí)施,有力地促進(jìn)加拿大經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和社會(huì)的進(jìn)步,為加拿大的未來發(fā)展打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的理論與實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)。本文以麥克唐納的“國家政策”為出發(fā)點(diǎn),探討與揭示“國家政策”的歷史背景、內(nèi)容及其歷史地位。本文分為以下四個(gè)部分: 第一部分為前言,主要介紹我國與加拿大歷史學(xué)者對(duì)麥克唐納“國家政策”的研究概況及其主要成果。 第二部分著重分析麥克唐納“國家政策”的歷史背景及其具體內(nèi)容。1873年愛德華太子島加入聯(lián)邦,加拿大自治領(lǐng)完成“從海洋到海洋”的領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張,加拿大進(jìn)入國家鞏固與發(fā)展的新階段。就國內(nèi)而言,主要表現(xiàn)為人口發(fā)展與領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張之間的不平衡、全國統(tǒng)一的原材料供應(yīng)與商品銷售市場尚未形成和傳統(tǒng)的低關(guān)稅對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的束縛。就國際而言,主要表現(xiàn)為美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)滲透與武力威脅和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)對(duì)加拿大經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)發(fā)展的影響�；谝陨弦蛩氐墓餐绊�,麥克唐納為首的加拿大保守黨提出“國家政策”并使之付諸實(shí)施。 第三部分是本文的核心內(nèi)容,主要對(duì)麥克唐納“國家政策”的主要特征加以闡述與說明。首先,保守黨以“偶爾性保護(hù)”為主的關(guān)稅保護(hù)政策的提出,保護(hù)了當(dāng)時(shí)加拿大脆弱的民族工業(yè),有助于增強(qiáng)加拿大的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力,有利于加拿大經(jīng)濟(jì)的長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展。其次,橫貫北美大陸東西交通的太平洋鐵路的修筑,使加拿大國內(nèi)不僅在地理上,更重要的是在經(jīng)濟(jì)上實(shí)現(xiàn)了東、西部連為一體體最后,西部開發(fā)與移民使加拿大西部地區(qū)得以初步發(fā)展,并逐步確立以小麥經(jīng)濟(jì)為主的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式。 第四部分是本文的結(jié)論部分,主要分析麥克唐納“國家政策”在加拿大歷史中所處的重要?dú)v史地位。麥克唐納“國家政策”的制定與實(shí)施,解決了“從海洋到海洋”領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張后所產(chǎn)生的一系列問題,消除了全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)對(duì)加拿大經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的影響,有效地抵制了英美等國對(duì)加拿大的經(jīng)濟(jì)滲透與武力威脅,對(duì)加拿大經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)的未來發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了4極其重要的影響。
[Abstract]:John Alexander McDonald, as the first Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Canada, completed the territorial expansion of "from the Sea to the Sea" and emancipated his mind without being confined to traditional ideas. The policy of "national policy", which aims at promoting the comprehensive integration and development of the country, is put forward in due course, with the construction of the Pacific Railway as the center, immigration in the west and the protection of tariffs as supplementary policies, and the three promote each other. Canada's overall national strength has reached a new level. The introduction and implementation of this policy can promote the economic development and social progress of Canada and lay a solid theoretical and practical foundation for the future development of Canada. Based on Macdonald's National Policy, this paper discusses and reveals the historical background, content and historical status of National Policy. This paper is divided into four parts as follows: the first part is the preface, which mainly introduces the general situation and main achievements of the research on Macdonald's "National Policy" by Chinese and Canadian historians. The second part focuses on the historical background and specific contents of MacDonald's National Policy. In 1873, Prince Edward Island joined the Union, and the Canadian Autonomous Territory completed the territorial expansion of "from the Sea to the Sea". Canada entered a new stage of national consolidation and development. In domestic terms, the imbalance between population development and territorial expansion is the main manifestation, the unified raw material supply and commodity marketing market has not yet formed and the traditional low tariff restrains the economic development. Internationally, it mainly shows the influence of American economic infiltration, threat of force and economic crisis on Canada's economic and social development. Under the combined influence of these factors, the Conservative Party of Canada led by MacDonald put forward the National Policy and put it into practice. The third part is the core content of this paper, mainly expounds and explains the main features of Macdonald's National Policy. First of all, the proposed tariff protection policy of the Conservative Party based on "occasional protection" protected the fragile national industry of Canada at that time, which was helpful to strengthen the economic strength of Canada and benefit the long-term development of the Canadian economy. Secondly, the construction of the Pacific Railway, which links East and West across the North American continent, has enabled Canada to realize the integration of East and West as a whole, not only geographically, but more importantly, economically. The development and emigration of the western part of Canada made the western part of Canada develop preliminarily, and gradually established the economic development mode of wheat economy. The fourth part is the conclusion of this paper, mainly analyzes the important historical position of Macdonald's National Policy in Canadian history. The formulation and implementation of Macdonald's "National Policy" solved a series of problems arising from the expansion of "Sea to Sea" territory, and eliminated the impact of the global economic crisis on Canada's economic development. It effectively resisted the economic infiltration and threat of force from Britain and the United States to Canada, and had an extremely important impact on the future development of Canada's economy and society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K711
本文編號(hào)：2296676
[Abstract]:John Alexander McDonald, as the first Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Canada, completed the territorial expansion of "from the Sea to the Sea" and emancipated his mind without being confined to traditional ideas. The policy of "national policy", which aims at promoting the comprehensive integration and development of the country, is put forward in due course, with the construction of the Pacific Railway as the center, immigration in the west and the protection of tariffs as supplementary policies, and the three promote each other. Canada's overall national strength has reached a new level. The introduction and implementation of this policy can promote the economic development and social progress of Canada and lay a solid theoretical and practical foundation for the future development of Canada. Based on Macdonald's National Policy, this paper discusses and reveals the historical background, content and historical status of National Policy. This paper is divided into four parts as follows: the first part is the preface, which mainly introduces the general situation and main achievements of the research on Macdonald's "National Policy" by Chinese and Canadian historians. The second part focuses on the historical background and specific contents of MacDonald's National Policy. In 1873, Prince Edward Island joined the Union, and the Canadian Autonomous Territory completed the territorial expansion of "from the Sea to the Sea". Canada entered a new stage of national consolidation and development. In domestic terms, the imbalance between population development and territorial expansion is the main manifestation, the unified raw material supply and commodity marketing market has not yet formed and the traditional low tariff restrains the economic development. Internationally, it mainly shows the influence of American economic infiltration, threat of force and economic crisis on Canada's economic and social development. Under the combined influence of these factors, the Conservative Party of Canada led by MacDonald put forward the National Policy and put it into practice. The third part is the core content of this paper, mainly expounds and explains the main features of Macdonald's National Policy. First of all, the proposed tariff protection policy of the Conservative Party based on "occasional protection" protected the fragile national industry of Canada at that time, which was helpful to strengthen the economic strength of Canada and benefit the long-term development of the Canadian economy. Secondly, the construction of the Pacific Railway, which links East and West across the North American continent, has enabled Canada to realize the integration of East and West as a whole, not only geographically, but more importantly, economically. The development and emigration of the western part of Canada made the western part of Canada develop preliminarily, and gradually established the economic development mode of wheat economy. The fourth part is the conclusion of this paper, mainly analyzes the important historical position of Macdonald's National Policy in Canadian history. The formulation and implementation of Macdonald's "National Policy" solved a series of problems arising from the expansion of "Sea to Sea" territory, and eliminated the impact of the global economic crisis on Canada's economic development. It effectively resisted the economic infiltration and threat of force from Britain and the United States to Canada, and had an extremely important impact on the future development of Canada's economy and society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K711
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，本文編號(hào)：2296676
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