本文選題：英國 + 富裕農(nóng)民�。� 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2007年博士論文

【摘要】： 近年來國內(nèi)外關(guān)于英國農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的研究成果相當(dāng)豐厚,提出了許多有益的問題,其中關(guān)于富裕農(nóng)民這一重要群體的研究,有必要予以進(jìn)一步深入的探討。英國農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代的啟動者是領(lǐng)主、商人還是工業(yè)資本家?本文認(rèn)為,農(nóng)業(yè)是英國資本主義的基礎(chǔ),富裕農(nóng)民是農(nóng)業(yè)資本主義的發(fā)動者、農(nóng)村社會的“脊梁”。他們是社會轉(zhuǎn)型時期英國農(nóng)村的精英群體,對經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、教育文化、日常生活等方面都產(chǎn)生重大而深遠(yuǎn)的影響,為英國率先成為第一個工業(yè)化國家提供了最初的、最基本的經(jīng)濟(jì)力量和政治力量,是英國資本主義的啟動者。 1450-1650年之間,是英國富裕農(nóng)民發(fā)展的黃金時期。從人類歷史的整體角度而言,1500年前后正是“歷史發(fā)展為世界歷史的重大轉(zhuǎn)折時期”,“在亞歐大陸農(nóng)耕世界內(nèi)部,首先在西歐,社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)生了前所未有的根本變化”。在這一時期,人類從以農(nóng)本經(jīng)濟(jì)向工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會過渡。歷史已經(jīng)證明,在英國農(nóng)業(yè)資本主義發(fā)生的時候,掘到第一桶金的是富裕農(nóng)民。在資本主義產(chǎn)生的過程中,富裕農(nóng)民經(jīng)歷了由采邑制度下的農(nóng)民向資本主義農(nóng)場主的演進(jìn)。約曼-富裕農(nóng)和他們的延伸體鄉(xiāng)紳在15、16世紀(jì)興起,并把土地中獲得的價值重新投入到土地之中,引發(fā)了一輪又一輪的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)進(jìn)步,增加土地的價值,推動再生產(chǎn)不斷擴(kuò)大。他們是農(nóng)業(yè)革命的發(fā)起人和推動者,是英國經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型的中堅力量。富裕農(nóng)民及其延伸體實(shí)質(zhì)就是英國農(nóng)業(yè)資產(chǎn)階級前身。 本文以馬克思?xì)v史唯物主義為指導(dǎo)思想,堅持經(jīng)濟(jì)-社會史的研究方法,吸收和借鑒相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的研究成果,廣泛搜集資料,特別注意搜集國內(nèi)外學(xué)者關(guān)于本課題最新的研究成果,重證據(jù),重定量分析。筆者把1450-1650年的英國富裕農(nóng)民群體作為一個整體進(jìn)行考察,從富裕農(nóng)民的來源、富裕農(nóng)民群體的形成、富裕農(nóng)民的消費(fèi)水準(zhǔn)、富裕農(nóng)民公共政治生活與教育狀況、富裕農(nóng)民與鄉(xiāng)紳的融合、以及富裕農(nóng)民的前途等幾方面,做了多層次的深入剖析,將個體與群體結(jié)合起來,將靜態(tài)的歷史與動態(tài)的歷史結(jié)合起來,將具體事例與歷史長時段的發(fā)展趨勢結(jié)合起來,有助于較真實(shí)展示這一重要群體生活場景和歷史面貌。從而有助于我們對英國農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化歷史進(jìn)程的理解。不可否認(rèn),農(nóng)民的歷史,包括富裕農(nóng)民的歷史,是英國農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化歷史、也是其整個社會現(xiàn)代化歷史的重要組成部分。遺憾的是,這樣一個重大的歷史事實(shí)曾經(jīng)被人們忽視了!因此,對該主題的探討有其獨(dú)特的學(xué)術(shù)價值,同時對于我國正在推行的農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化也提供了生動的歷史參照和豐厚的思想資源。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the research results of agricultural modernization in Britain and abroad have been quite rich, and many beneficial questions have been raised. Among them, the research on the important group of rich peasants needs to be further explored. Are the pioneers of modern British agriculture lords, merchants, or industrial capitalists? This paper holds that agriculture is the foundation of British capitalism, and rich peasants are the initiators of agricultural capitalism and the backbone of rural society. They were the elite group in the countryside of England during the period of social transformation. They had a great and profound influence on economy, politics, education and culture, daily life and so on, which provided the first time for Britain to become the first industrialized country. The most basic economic and political forces are the initiators of British capitalism. Between 1450 and 1650, it was the golden age of the development of rich farmers in England. From the perspective of human history as a whole, 1500 or so is "the turning point of historical development into world history" and "within the agricultural world of Eurasia, first of all in Western Europe, the social economy has undergone unprecedented fundamental changes". In this period, the human from the agricultural economy to the industrial economy and society transition. History has shown that when British agricultural capitalism came into being, it was the rich peasants who dug the first barrel of gold. In the process of capitalism, the rich farmers experienced the evolution from peasants under the fiefdom system to capitalist farmers. Yoman-rich peasants and their extended gentry rose in the 1500s and reinvested the value gained in the land into the land, which led to successive rounds of agricultural technological progress, increased the value of the land and promoted the expansion of reproduction. They were the initiators and promoters of the agricultural revolution and the backbone of Britain's economic transformation. Rich peasants and their extension are essentially the predecessor of the British agricultural bourgeoisie. This paper, guided by Marx's historical materialism, adheres to the research methods of economic and social history, absorbs and draws on the research results of relevant fields, and collects data extensively. Special attention is paid to collecting the latest research results of domestic and foreign scholars on this subject, emphasizing evidence and quantitative analysis. From 1450-1650, the author investigates the rich peasant groups in England as a whole, from the sources of the rich farmers, the formation of the rich peasant groups, the consumption level of the rich farmers, the public political life and the education situation of the affluent peasants. The integration of rich peasants and squire, as well as the future of rich peasants, has been deeply analyzed at various levels, combining individuals with groups, static history and dynamic history. The combination of concrete cases and the development trend of the long period of history is helpful to show the real life scene and historical appearance of this important group. This will help us to understand the historical process of rural modernization in England. It is undeniable that the history of peasants, including the history of rich peasants, is the history of agricultural modernization in Britain and an important part of the history of modernization of the whole society. Unfortunately, such a great historical fact has been ignored! Therefore, the discussion of this subject has its unique academic value, at the same time, it also provides vivid historical reference and rich ideological resources for the agricultural modernization that our country is carrying out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K561.3

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 付夏婕;論英國土地法律制度變遷與經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型[D];中共中央黨校;2011年

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本文編號：1966103