發(fā)布時間：2018-06-01 09:59

  本文選題：雇傭兵 + 重裝步兵　； 參考：《東北師范大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：雇傭兵是古希臘軍事史上一個重要角色,雇傭兵制從出現(xiàn)到發(fā)展,再到鼎盛時期取代公民兵制度,都與希臘社會的很多方面緊密相關(guān)。古風時代與早期僭主時代是希臘雇傭兵的起源時期,小亞細亞、北非以及希臘都留有雇傭兵的影子,但是他們數(shù)量并不多,也沒有參與到大規(guī)模的戰(zhàn)爭中去。隨著早期僭主制結(jié)束,公元前6世紀至前431年,這一段時間是雇傭兵淡出人們的視野,但他們依然存在于希臘世界,并未消失。自伯羅奔尼撒戰(zhàn)爭開始,希臘本土、地中海四周、以及遙遠的意大利南部殖民地都未曾安寧過。這一時期戰(zhàn)爭規(guī)模大,耗時長,士兵需求數(shù)量多,雖然公民兵的數(shù)量仍占較大比重,但雇傭兵的數(shù)量也開始增加,處在人數(shù)膨脹的邊緣。從公元前395年至公元前362年,底比斯開始在戰(zhàn)場上與斯巴達對抗,直到曼提內(nèi)亞戰(zhàn)役的結(jié)束,在這個時期,雇傭兵在希臘戰(zhàn)爭中的作用越來越大,在一些城邦一度出現(xiàn)大部分或完全取代公民兵的現(xiàn)象。本文共分為三個部分。第一部分是對雇傭兵詞源的辨析及探討雇傭兵出現(xiàn)的原因。雇傭兵并不是突然出現(xiàn)在希臘世界中的,而是由于各種社會因素積累逐漸出現(xiàn)的。同時,雇傭兵不僅來自希臘本土,也來自如小亞細亞的伊奧尼亞或北部色雷斯地區(qū),所以在探討雇傭兵出現(xiàn)的時候,雇傭兵的來源也值得關(guān)注。同時史家關(guān)于雇傭兵的記載比較零散,并且對于雇傭兵的概念的定義也是由模糊到清晰。第二部分探討的是雇傭兵在軍隊中服務的周期、以及主要雇傭兵兵種問題。重裝步兵雖然是希臘公民兵的主要形式,但是也有一部分重裝步兵作為雇傭兵到海外效力,例如居魯士的希臘雇傭兵。同時,輕盾兵也是雇傭兵的主要兵種,作戰(zhàn)靈活、機動性強是他們的特點。在考慮他們作戰(zhàn)的時候,也要考慮他們是如何生存的,這就是第二部分最后要探討的雇傭兵的薪水問題。第三部分為雇傭兵在古代世界的影響。希臘雇傭兵在地中海世界存在的時間長,所覆蓋的區(qū)域廣,他們除對希臘本土產(chǎn)生影響,也對周邊小亞細亞、北非等地區(qū)產(chǎn)生了深遠影響,對希臘世界變遷更是發(fā)揮著巨大的歷史作用。
[Abstract]:The mercenary is an important role in the ancient Greek military history. The mercenary system from its emergence to development and then to the replacement of the civil soldier system in the heyday is closely related to many aspects of Greek society. The ancient times and the early tyrants were the origins of Greek mercenaries. Asia minor, North Africa, and Greece all had mercenaries, but they were not in large numbers and were not involved in large-scale wars. With the end of the early tyrants, from the 6th century BC to the first 431 BC, mercenaries faded out of sight, but they still existed in the Greek world and did not disappear. Since the Peloponnesian War, there has been no tranquillity in Greece, around the Mediterranean Sea, or in the distant colonies of southern Italy. During this period, the war was large, time-consuming, and the number of soldiers needed was large. Although the number of civil soldiers still accounted for a large proportion, the number of mercenaries began to increase and the number of mercenaries was on the verge of expansion. From 395 BC to 362 BC, Thebes fought Sparta on the battlefield until the end of the Battle of Mantineria, during which time mercenaries played an increasingly important role in the Greek War. At one time in some city-states, most or all of the civil soldiers were replaced. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part is the analysis of the etymology of mercenaries and the reasons for the appearance of mercenaries. Mercenaries do not appear suddenly in the Greek world, but because of the accumulation of social factors. At the same time, mercenaries come not only from the native Greece, but also from Ionian or northern Thrace, such as Asia minor, so the origin of mercenaries is also worthy of attention when discussing the appearance of mercenaries. At the same time, historians of mercenary records are scattered, and the definition of mercenary concept is vague to clear. The second part discusses the period of mercenary service in the army and the main mercenary service. Although heavy infantry is the main form of Greek civil soldiers, there are also a number of heavy infantry as mercenaries to serve overseas, such as Cyrus Greek mercenaries. At the same time, light shield soldiers are also the main arms of mercenaries, combat flexibility, mobility is their characteristics. When considering how they fight, consider how they survive, which is the question of the salary of mercenaries at the end of the second part. The third part is the influence of mercenaries in the ancient world. Greek mercenaries were present in the Mediterranean for a long time and covered a wide range of areas. In addition to their influence on the Greek mainland, they also had a profound impact on the surrounding regions of Asia minor and North Africa. It plays a great historical role in the change of the Greek world.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：K125

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 郭小凌;論希臘戰(zhàn)俘的命運及其與奴隸制發(fā)展的關(guān)系[J];北京師范大學學報;1988年05期

2 劉林海,徐松巖;希臘軍制變革與城邦的興衰[J];西南師范大學學報(哲學社會科學版);1998年02期

，

本文編號：1963783