發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-27 18:01

【摘要】：墓葬是寄托人類身體與精神的最終歸宿,其中包含有豐富的社會(huì)、歷史、信仰等多方面的文化信息,而某些墓葬建筑材料如畫像石、畫像磚,隨葬品如鎮(zhèn)墓俑、刀劍、鏡等則是這些文化信息的物化形式。盜墓行為除直接與這些物質(zhì)性內(nèi)容相聯(lián)系而外,與精神信仰層面亦頗有聯(lián)系。 漢唐時(shí)期的盜墓史實(shí),以盜墓主體的身份為基準(zhǔn),可將其歸為三類：以官方政府為首進(jìn)行的政治發(fā)墓；以軍隊(duì)為主體參與者的軍團(tuán)掘冢；個(gè)人或團(tuán)伙進(jìn)行的民間盜發(fā)。對(duì)盜墓史實(shí)進(jìn)行以主體為依據(jù)的分類有助于我們進(jìn)一步探討產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的動(dòng)機(jī)以及應(yīng)對(duì)這種現(xiàn)象的措施。 對(duì)漢唐時(shí)期盜墓現(xiàn)象動(dòng)機(jī)的蠡測(cè),基于各盜墓事件發(fā)生時(shí)的歷史背景,從盜墓活動(dòng)現(xiàn)實(shí)的驅(qū)動(dòng)力、盜墓活動(dòng)的心理動(dòng)機(jī)以及神仙信仰因素三個(gè)層面進(jìn)行分析。現(xiàn)實(shí)驅(qū)動(dòng)力主要表現(xiàn)為對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的追求,而心理動(dòng)機(jī)則表現(xiàn)為盜墓者的變態(tài)心理因素,神仙信仰因素主要表現(xiàn)為道教鬼神信仰對(duì)盜墓者進(jìn)行施盜行為的影響。三種動(dòng)機(jī)之間并非毫無聯(lián)系,而是在共同的大背景之下相互影響、互有促動(dòng)。 與盜墓現(xiàn)象并存的是相應(yīng)的反盜墓措施。主要包括墓地本身的防盜措施如守陵制度的創(chuàng)善以及墓葬形制上的一些改變等；從先秦時(shí)代便已經(jīng)出現(xiàn),漢代成文,且在唐代趨于成熟的政府法令；以道教教理教義為主的宗教勸善等。
[Abstract]:Tombs are the ultimate destination of human body and spirit, which contain rich social, historical, religious and other cultural information, and some grave building materials such as stone, brick, burial objects such as town tomb figurines, sword, etc. Mirror is the materialized form of these cultural information. Grave theft is not only directly related to these material contents, but also to spiritual belief. The historical facts of tomb theft in Han and Tang dynasties can be classified into three categories based on the identity of the subject of tomb theft: the political tomb making led by the official government, the army as the main participants in the army digging for graves, and the folk theft by individuals or groups. Classifying the historical facts of tomb theft on the basis of subject is helpful for us to further explore the motive of this phenomenon and the measures to deal with it. Based on the historical background of the grave-robbing events in the Han and Tang dynasties, this paper analyzes the actual driving force of the grave-robbing activities, the psychological motives of the grave-robbing activities and the belief factors of the gods. The realistic driving force is mainly the pursuit of economic interests, while the psychological motivation is the abnormal psychological factor of the grave robbers, and the immortals' belief factors are mainly the influence of Taoist ghosts and gods belief on the behavior of grave robbers. The three motivations are not unrelated, but interact and motivate each other in a common context. And the phenomenon of tomb theft coexist with the corresponding anti-grave theft measures. It mainly includes the anti-theft measures of the graveyard itself, such as the creation of the mausoleum system and some changes in the graveyard system, and so on; it has appeared since the pre-Qin period, written in the Han Dynasty, and has tended to mature in the Tang Dynasty. Religious persuasion based on the doctrine of Taoism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K878.8

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