發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-03 01:26

  本文選題：遺傳算法 + CAN總線　； 參考：《杭州電子科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：CAN總線相比于傳統(tǒng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線在可靠性、實(shí)時(shí)性和靈活性方面具有很大的優(yōu)勢(shì),被廣泛應(yīng)用于汽車工業(yè)、航空航天、船舶、工業(yè)控制、傳感器等領(lǐng)域。在CAN協(xié)議使用過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)其事件觸發(fā)機(jī)制的缺陷,會(huì)導(dǎo)致CAN總線在一些對(duì)于實(shí)時(shí)性、穩(wěn)定性要求特別高的系統(tǒng)中不能很好的工作。為了解決CAN協(xié)議缺陷,基于時(shí)間觸發(fā)的TTCAN協(xié)議被提出,并越來越受到人們的重視。TTCAN采用分割時(shí)間窗的方法保證了周期型消息的實(shí)時(shí)性,同時(shí)設(shè)立仲裁窗兼顧事件型消息的傳輸。同樣,TTCAN協(xié)議存在著系統(tǒng)矩陣優(yōu)化問題規(guī)模過大,不能應(yīng)用于動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)等問題。本文立足于TTCAN協(xié)議和遺傳算法,對(duì)TTCAN系統(tǒng)矩陣和系統(tǒng)部署更新方式進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),完成了算法設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。具體內(nèi)容如下:1.提出了使用改進(jìn)型遺傳算法優(yōu)化TTCAN系統(tǒng)矩陣。該算法能夠有效提高TTCAN的實(shí)時(shí)性、可靠性和帶寬利用率。針對(duì)提出的矩陣編碼和實(shí)數(shù)編碼相結(jié)合的創(chuàng)新性編碼方式,設(shè)計(jì)出生成系統(tǒng)矩陣算法,解決了隨機(jī)生成初始個(gè)體不合理的問題,同時(shí)相應(yīng)的改變了交叉、突變步驟;2.提出了一種動(dòng)態(tài)更新TTCAN系統(tǒng)矩陣機(jī)制。解決了傳統(tǒng)TTCAN系統(tǒng)矩陣采用靜態(tài)離線預(yù)先生成而導(dǎo)致其無法應(yīng)用于動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的缺陷。該機(jī)制在網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)生改變時(shí),能夠自動(dòng)重新生成新的系統(tǒng)矩陣并部署到系統(tǒng)中;3.設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證平臺(tái)。使用該平臺(tái)對(duì)改進(jìn)型遺傳算法優(yōu)化TTCAN系統(tǒng)矩陣算法和動(dòng)態(tài)更新機(jī)制進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。該平臺(tái)是包含多個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的TTCAN網(wǎng)絡(luò),由嵌入式開發(fā)平臺(tái)(上位機(jī))和采用STM32F105作為MCU的節(jié)點(diǎn)共同組成。針對(duì)該實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)了基于嵌入式Linux與STM32環(huán)境的CAN驅(qū)動(dòng)和QT總控程序;4.基于TTCAN網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證平臺(tái),開展了改進(jìn)型遺傳算法的性能分析,實(shí)際測(cè)試了動(dòng)態(tài)更新TTCAN系統(tǒng)矩陣的性能。并且對(duì)硬件系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了基本功能、實(shí)時(shí)性和錯(cuò)誤率的測(cè)試。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,以汽車工業(yè)中的國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)PSA消息集合為例,本文算法可以將TTCAN網(wǎng)絡(luò)的帶寬利用率提高4.3%,在仲裁窗范圍內(nèi)每秒鐘增加了73個(gè)隨機(jī)報(bào)文的發(fā)送機(jī)會(huì),提高了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的可靠性。動(dòng)態(tài)更新機(jī)制能夠在網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)發(fā)生增刪時(shí)保證帶寬利用率始終維持在高水平,可以滿足應(yīng)用于動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的需求。
[Abstract]:Compared with traditional fieldbus, CAN bus has great advantages in reliability, real-time and flexibility, and is widely used in automotive industry, aerospace, ship, industrial control, sensor and other fields. In the process of using CAN protocol, the defects of event triggering mechanism will be found, which will lead to the CAN bus not working well in some systems with high real-time and high stability requirements. In order to solve the defect of CAN protocol, the time-triggered TTCAN protocol is proposed, and more people pay attention to it. The method of partitioning time window ensures the real-time performance of periodic message. At the same time, an arbitration window is set up to take into account the transmission of event-type message. The TTCAN protocol also has some problems such as the system matrix optimization problem is too large and can not be applied to the dynamic network and so on. Based on the TTCAN protocol and genetic algorithm, this paper improves the TTCAN system matrix and system deployment update method, and completes the algorithm design and experimental verification. The details are as follows: 1. An improved genetic algorithm is proposed to optimize the TTCAN system matrix. This algorithm can effectively improve the real-time, reliability and bandwidth utilization of TTCAN. Aiming at the innovative coding method of combining matrix coding with real number coding, an algorithm of generating system matrix is designed, which solves the unreasonable problem of random generation of initial individuals, and changes the crossover and mutation steps accordingly. A dynamic updating TTCAN system matrix mechanism is proposed. It solves the problem that the traditional TTCAN system matrix can not be applied to the dynamic network because of its static off-line pre-generation. When the network changes, the mechanism can automatically regenerate the new system matrix and deploy it to the system. The experimental verification platform is designed and implemented. The platform is used to verify the matrix algorithm and dynamic updating mechanism of the improved genetic algorithm for optimizing TTCAN system. The platform is a multi-node TTCAN network, which is composed of embedded development platform (host computer) and STM32F105 as the node of MCU. The CAN driver and QT master control program based on embedded Linux and STM32 environment are designed for this experiment platform. Based on the experimental verification platform of TTCAN network system, the performance analysis of improved genetic algorithm is carried out, and the performance of dynamically updating TTCAN system matrix is tested. The basic function, real-time and error rate of the hardware system are tested. The experimental results show that, taking the international standard PSA message set in the automotive industry as an example, the bandwidth utilization of TTCAN network can be increased by 4.3%, and 73 random packets per second are added in the arbitration window. The reliability of the network is improved. The dynamic updating mechanism can ensure that the bandwidth utilization rate remains at a high level when the network node is added or deleted, and can meet the requirements of the dynamic network.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP18;TP273

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本文編號(hào)：1970936