膽堿類低共熔溶劑組分間的氫鍵作用研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-09 11:10
【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)的化學工業(yè)中大量揮發(fā)性有機溶劑的使用給環(huán)境造成了十分嚴重的污染,這就迫使人們尋找和開發(fā)綠色、無毒的溶劑來代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)揮發(fā)性有機溶劑的使用。低共熔溶劑(DES)除了具有較低的熔點和蒸汽壓、溶解能力強及導電性能優(yōu)良等優(yōu)點外,還具有無毒或低毒、價格低廉等優(yōu)點,有望成為傳統(tǒng)有機溶劑的優(yōu)良替代品。正是這些優(yōu)良的性質(zhì)使其在化學化工方面展現(xiàn)出較好的應(yīng)用前景。然而,在做這些應(yīng)用過程中,對于DESs組分之間的相互作用研究較少,限制了人們對于其物理化學性質(zhì)和微觀結(jié)構(gòu)的認識,進而阻礙了新的DESs的設(shè)計和開發(fā)。因此,研究DESs組分之間的相互作用具有重要的意義�；诖�,本文作為國家自然科學基金項目(NO.21573060)的一部分,選取常見的氯化膽堿(ChCl)與不同的脂肪二醇、脂肪二羧酸和苯酚類化合物形成的DES為研究對象,采用多種方法研究了DES組分之間的氫鍵相互作用,主要研究內(nèi)容如下:1.在293K下,利用FTIR、FIR、1H NMR、35Cl NMR和量子化學計算等方法研究了ChCl與脂肪二醇(1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、2,3-丁二醇、乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇)之間的氫鍵相互作用�？疾榱舜挤肿又型榛滈L度以及不同摩爾比對其與ChCl之間氫鍵相互作用的影響,討論組分之間相互作用強度與其物理化學性質(zhì)之間的關(guān)系。實驗結(jié)果表明:脂肪二醇中的羥基氫原子與ChCl中的氯原子之間存在氫鍵作用,并且隨著醇中兩個羥基之間碳原子數(shù)的增多,醇與ChCl之間形成的氫鍵作用減弱,導致其表面張力增大,極性減小。隨著混合物中ChCl含量的增加,醇對ChCl自身氫鍵的削弱能力降低,并且兩種組分自身的氫鍵作用也會隨著ChCl含量的增大而增強。2.在293K下,采用FTIR、FIR、1H NMR、35Cl NMR等方法來研究由草酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、戊二酸、己二酸與ChCl在一定比例條件下形成的DESs組分之間的氫鍵相互作用,分析了脂肪二酸分子中烷基鏈長度對其與ChCl之間氫鍵相互作用的影響。結(jié)果表明,ChCl中的氯原子與酸中羧基氫原子之間能夠形成氫鍵作用,且該氫鍵比ChCl自身氫鍵作用強。隨著脂肪二酸中兩個羧基之間碳原子數(shù)的增多,酸與ChCl之間形成的氫鍵作用減弱,導致二者形成的DESs熔點值增大。3.在293K下,以苯酚、鄰甲苯酚、間甲苯酚以及對甲苯酚與ChCl形成的DES為研究對象,采用FTIR、FIR、1H NMR和35Cl NMR等方法研究了二者之間的氫鍵相互作用,分析了苯酚類化合物中羥基與甲基的相對位置對其與ChCl之間氫鍵相互作用的影響。結(jié)果表明:四種苯酚類化合物與ChCl形成氫鍵的能力順序為:苯酚對甲酚間甲酚鄰甲酚。該順序與四種苯酚類化合物的酸性強弱大小順序相一致,也與形成DESs之后熔點的大小順序相反。這說明DES組分之間的氫鍵相互作用愈強,能夠更有效地破壞單組分自身分子間的氫鍵作用,進而造成DES的熔點愈低。苯酚類化合物/ChCl摩爾比為2/1時二者形成的DESs具有最低的熔點。
[Abstract]:The use of a large number of volatile organic solvents in the traditional chemical industry has caused serious environmental pollution, which forces people to find and develop green, non-toxic solvents to replace the use of traditional volatile organic solvents. In addition to these advantages, it has the advantages of non-toxicity, low toxicity and low price, and is expected to become an excellent substitute for traditional organic solvents. It is these excellent properties that make it show a good application prospect in chemical engineering. However, in the course of these applications, there is little research on the interaction between DESs components, which limits people's attention. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the interaction between DESs components. As part of the project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO. 21573060), this paper selects common choline chloride (ChCl) and different fatty glycols and lipids. The hydrogen bond interactions between the components of DES were studied by various methods. The main contents are as follows: 1. At 293 K, the interaction between ChCl and fatty diols (1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol) was studied by FTIR, FIR, 1H NMR, 35Cl NMR and quantum chemical calculation. Hydrogen bond interactions among butanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol were investigated. The effects of alkyl chain length and molar ratio on the hydrogen bond interaction between butanediol and ChCl were investigated. The relationship between the strength of the interaction and the physicochemical properties of fatty dimer was discussed. The hydrogen bond between hydroxyl hydrogen atoms in alcohols and chlorine atoms in CHCl decreases with the increase of the number of carbon atoms between two hydroxyl groups in alcohols, resulting in the increase of surface tension and the decrease of polarity. At 293 K, the hydrogen bond interaction between the DESs formed by oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid and CHCl in a certain proportion was studied by FTIR, FIR, 1H NMR, 35Cl NMR and other methods. The results show that the hydrogen bond between chlorine atom in ChCl and carboxyl hydrogen atom in acid can be formed, and the hydrogen bond is stronger than that of ChCl itself. The melting point of DESs formed by phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol and CHCl was increased at 293K. The hydrogen bond interaction between them was studied by FTIR, FIR, 1H NMR and 35Cl NMR. The relative positions of hydroxyl and methyl groups in phenols and the relationship between them and CHCl were analyzed. The results show that the order of the hydrogen bonding ability of the four phenolic compounds to CHCl is phenol-p-cresol-o-cresol. The order is consistent with the order of the acidity of the four phenolic compounds and the order of the melting point after the formation of DES. The stronger the interaction is, the more effective it is to destroy the hydrogen bonds between the molecules of the single component, thus resulting in the lower melting point of DES. The lowest melting point is found when the molar ratio of phenolic compounds to ChCl is 2/1.
【學位授予單位】：河南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：O641.3
本文編號：2232205
[Abstract]:The use of a large number of volatile organic solvents in the traditional chemical industry has caused serious environmental pollution, which forces people to find and develop green, non-toxic solvents to replace the use of traditional volatile organic solvents. In addition to these advantages, it has the advantages of non-toxicity, low toxicity and low price, and is expected to become an excellent substitute for traditional organic solvents. It is these excellent properties that make it show a good application prospect in chemical engineering. However, in the course of these applications, there is little research on the interaction between DESs components, which limits people's attention. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the interaction between DESs components. As part of the project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO. 21573060), this paper selects common choline chloride (ChCl) and different fatty glycols and lipids. The hydrogen bond interactions between the components of DES were studied by various methods. The main contents are as follows: 1. At 293 K, the interaction between ChCl and fatty diols (1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol) was studied by FTIR, FIR, 1H NMR, 35Cl NMR and quantum chemical calculation. Hydrogen bond interactions among butanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol were investigated. The effects of alkyl chain length and molar ratio on the hydrogen bond interaction between butanediol and ChCl were investigated. The relationship between the strength of the interaction and the physicochemical properties of fatty dimer was discussed. The hydrogen bond between hydroxyl hydrogen atoms in alcohols and chlorine atoms in CHCl decreases with the increase of the number of carbon atoms between two hydroxyl groups in alcohols, resulting in the increase of surface tension and the decrease of polarity. At 293 K, the hydrogen bond interaction between the DESs formed by oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid and CHCl in a certain proportion was studied by FTIR, FIR, 1H NMR, 35Cl NMR and other methods. The results show that the hydrogen bond between chlorine atom in ChCl and carboxyl hydrogen atom in acid can be formed, and the hydrogen bond is stronger than that of ChCl itself. The melting point of DESs formed by phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol and CHCl was increased at 293K. The hydrogen bond interaction between them was studied by FTIR, FIR, 1H NMR and 35Cl NMR. The relative positions of hydroxyl and methyl groups in phenols and the relationship between them and CHCl were analyzed. The results show that the order of the hydrogen bonding ability of the four phenolic compounds to CHCl is phenol-p-cresol-o-cresol. The order is consistent with the order of the acidity of the four phenolic compounds and the order of the melting point after the formation of DES. The stronger the interaction is, the more effective it is to destroy the hydrogen bonds between the molecules of the single component, thus resulting in the lower melting point of DES. The lowest melting point is found when the molar ratio of phenolic compounds to ChCl is 2/1.
【學位授予單位】：河南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：O641.3
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