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  本文關鍵詞：模擬酸雨對大豆光合特性及產量影響的研究　出處：《安徽農業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 模擬酸雨 大豆 光合特性 產量

【摘要】：酸雨已成為我國最重要的的環(huán)境問題之一,并且隨著工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,酸雨污染區(qū)域不斷擴大,酸雨導致的環(huán)境污染、生態(tài)環(huán)境破壞、經濟損失、農作物減產等一系列問題已經非常嚴峻。我國是一個農業(yè)大國,酸雨對農作物的生長發(fā)育和產量的影響已經引起社會各界的廣泛關注。本文采用盆栽試驗研究了模擬酸雨在pH5.6(CK)、pH4.0(T_1)、pH2.4(T_2)三個水平梯度下對大豆(早熟1號)光合特性、株高及產量的影響,分析不同pH值酸雨對大豆的光合特性、株高以及產量構成要素的影響,為大氣污染背景下農業(yè)生產的適應性研究提供科學依據。試驗結果表明:(1)模擬酸雨對大豆不同生長階段的光合速率均有不同程度的抑制。一方面,模擬酸雨對結莢期大豆的光合速率的影響,與CK相比,結莢期T_1、T_2兩個處理下的大豆葉片凈光合速率各減少了10.5%和20.3%。另一方面,酸雨脅迫對大豆各生長階段的凈光合速率影響較為明顯,與CK相比,分枝期T_1、T_2兩個處理下的大豆葉片凈光合速率分別減少41.1%和64.3%;與CK相比,花期T_1、T_2兩個處理下,大豆葉片凈光合速率分別27.4%和43.7%;在大豆鼓粒期,T_1、T_2兩個處理下大豆葉片凈光合速率分別比CK降低26.8%和49.5%。酸雨pH值與大豆各生長階段葉片凈光合速率的相關分析表明,除了結莢期,大豆分枝期、開花期、鼓粒期的凈光合速率與酸雨pH值均呈顯著或極顯著正相關關系,相關系數分別為r=0.618**、r=0.405*和r=0.369*。(2)對于大豆葉片蒸騰速率而言,酸雨脅迫對大豆分枝期和花期的影響不明顯,隨著酸雨淋溶時間的持續(xù),從大豆結莢期開始到大豆鼓粒期,酸雨脅迫對大豆葉片蒸騰速率的影響變得較為明顯,并且大豆葉片蒸騰速率隨著酸雨pH值的下降,受到的抑制越顯著。T_1、T_2處理下大豆結莢期的葉片蒸騰速率較對照組各降低13.5%和32.9%;在大豆鼓粒期,T_1、T_2處理下大豆葉片蒸騰速率速率比CK各降低16.9%和28.0%。對酸雨在大豆不同生長階段的大豆蒸騰速率的pH值的相關性分析發(fā)現,酸雨pH值與除大豆分枝期以外的花期、結莢期、鼓粒期葉片蒸騰速率呈顯著或極顯著相關關系,相關系數分別為r=0.384*、r=0.368*、r=0.505**。(3)總體來說,隨著酸雨pH值的下降,大豆葉片氣孔導度呈下降的趨勢,但酸雨脅迫對大豆各生長階段葉片氣孔導度的影響均不明顯。(4)大豆葉片水分利用率受酸雨PH影響顯著,呈現正相關的響應趨勢,與CK相比,T_1、T_2處理下大豆分枝期的葉片水分利用效率分別降低30.5%和46.8%;對酸不同pH值酸雨水平下大豆葉片水分利用效率的多重比較表明,酸雨脅迫對大豆花期、結莢期、鼓粒期葉片水分利用效率的影響差異不明顯,對大豆分枝期葉片水分利用效率的影響差異明顯。酸雨pH值與大豆各生長階段葉片水分利用效率的相關分析也表明,酸雨pH值與大豆分枝期葉片水分利用效率呈極顯著相關關系,相關系數為r=0.583**。(5)隨著酸雨pH值的下降,大豆株高呈下降的變化趨勢。與CK相比,T_1、T_2處理下,大豆株高分別降低了8.74%、18.8%;酸雨pH值與大豆株高的相關分析也表明,酸雨pH值與大豆株高呈顯著相關關系,相關系數r=0.389*。不同pH值下大豆株多重比較表明,CK與T_2對大豆株高影響達到差異顯著水平(p0.05),說明CK與T_2處理對大豆株高的影響差異較明顯。(6)酸雨脅迫下,大豆產量顯著降低,具體表現為大豆單株莢果數、每莢粒數、百粒重、單株產量等均呈下降的趨勢。與CK相比,T_1、T_2處理下,大豆單株莢果數分別減少了22.6%、27.8%;大豆每莢粒數分別減少了8.7%、17.4%;百粒重分別減少15.9%、23.6%;單株產量分別減少27.8%、45.3%。酸雨pH值與大豆產量構成要素的相關分析也表明,酸雨pH值與大豆單株莢果數、百粒重、單株產量均呈顯著或極顯著相關關系,相關系數分別為r=0.474**、r=0.928**、r=0.893**。
[Abstract]:Acid rain has become one of the most important environmental problems in China. With the rapid development of industry, acid rain pollution area has been expanding. A series of problems such as environmental pollution, ecological environment damage, economic loss and crop reduction caused by acid rain have been very serious. China is a big agricultural country. The influence of acid rain on the growth and production of crops has aroused wide attention from all walks of life. Pot experiment was conducted to study the pH5.6 in simulated acid rain (CK), pH4.0 (T_1), pH2.4 (T_2) three level gradient of Soybean (Zaoshu 1) photosynthetic characteristics, effect of plant height and yield, analysis of different pH values of plant height and yield factors in the influence of acid rain on Photosynthetic Characteristics and in the light of soybean, and provide scientific basis for the study on the adaptability of agricultural production under the background of air pollution. The results showed that: (1) the simulated acid rain inhibited the photosynthetic rate of soybean at different growth stages. On the one hand, the effect of simulated acid rain on soybean photosynthetic rate, compared with CK, T_1, T_2, pod of Soybean Leaves under two different treatments, the net photosynthetic rate decreased by 10.5% and 20.3%. On the other hand, net light on acid rain stress in different growth stages of soybean photosynthetic rate is obviously affected, compared with CK, T_1, T_2 in soybean leaves branching stage under two different treatments, the net photosynthetic rate decreased by 41.1% and 64.3% respectively; compared with CK, T_1, T_2 two flowering under the treatment of soybean leaf net photosynthesis the rate of 27.4% and 43.7% respectively; in soybean grain, T_1, T_2 two under the treatment of soybean leaf net photosynthetic rate decreased by 26.8% and 49.5% respectively than CK. The pH values of acid rain and correlation analysis in different growth stages of soybean leaf net photosynthetic rate showed that, in addition to the pod stage, soybean branching stage, flowering stage and podding stage light net photosynthetic rate and pH value of acid rain were significant or highly significant positive correlation, the correlation coefficients were r=0.618**, r=0.405* and r=0.369*. (2) for soybean leaf transpiration rate, the influence of acid rain stress on soybean branching and flowering period is not obvious, with the continuous leaching time, from soybean to soybean, the influence of acid rain stress on soybean leaf transpiration rate becomes more obvious, and the soybean leaf transpiration rate decreased with the pH value of the acid rain the inhibition is more significant. T_1 and T_2 treatment period of the transpiration rate of soybean pod than the control group decreased by 13.5% and 32.9%; in soybean grain, T_1, T_2 under the treatment of soybean leaf transpiration rate decreased by 16.9% and 28% than CK. The analysis of correlation between the transpiration rate of soybean in different growth stages of soybean acid rain pH value, pH value of acid rain and except soybean branching stage flowering and podding stage, the transpiration rate of grain filling period had significant or very significant correlation, the correlation coefficients were r=0.384*, r=, 0.368*, r=0.505**. (3) overall, with the decrease of pH value of acid rain, stomatal conductance of soybean leaves showed a downward trend, but acid rain stress had no significant effect on stomatal conductance of soybean at different growth stages. (4) the water utilization rate of soybean leaves were significantly affected by acid rain PH effect, showing the response trend of positive correlation, compared with CK, T_1, T_2 treatment period of soybean leaf water decreased by 30.5% and 46.8% branches respectively in different acid utilization efficiency; pH value of water level under acid rain soybean leaves using multiple efficiency comparisons showed that acid rain stress is not obvious on the flowering and podding stage, effects of water use efficiency of leaf pod difference effect on water use efficiency of soybean leaves branching period significantly. Correlation analysis between pH value of acid rain and water use efficiency of soybean leaves at different growth stages also showed that pH value of acid rain had a significant correlation with water use efficiency of soybean branching stage, and the correlation coefficient was r=0.583**. (5) with the decrease of acid rain pH value, the height of soybean plant showed a decreasing trend. Compared with CK, the plant height of soybean decreased by 8.74% and 18.8% respectively under T_1 and T_2 treatments. The correlation analysis between pH value of acid rain and soybean plant height also showed that the pH value of acid rain had a significant correlation with soybean plant height, and the correlation coefficient r=0.389*. Multiple comparisons of soybean plants under different pH values indicated that CK and T_2 had significant difference in soybean plant height (P0.05), indicating that the effect of CK and T_2 treatment on soybean plant height was significantly different. (6) under the stress of acid rain, the yield of soybean decreased significantly, and the number of pod per plant, the number of pod per pod, the weight of 100 grain and the yield per plant were all decreasing. Compared with CK, the number of pods per plant of soybean decreased by 22.6% and 27.8% respectively under T_1 and T_2 treatments. The number of seeds per pod decreased by 8.7% and 17.4% respectively, and the 100 grain weight decreased by 15.9% and 23.6%, respectively, and the yield per plant decreased by 27.8% and 45.3% respectively. Correlation analysis between acid rain pH value and yield components of soybean also showed that pH value of acid rain had significant or extremely significant correlation with soybean pod number per plant, 100 grain weight and yield per plant, and the correlation coefficients were r=0.474**, r=0.928** and r=0.893** respectively.
【學位授予單位】：安徽農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S565.1;X517

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