發(fā)布時間：2018-09-13 09:51

【摘要】：光纖布喇格光柵(FBG,Fiber Bragg grating)傳感器具有體積小、波長編碼、復(fù)用能力強等特性,為機械裝備狀態(tài)監(jiān)測與損傷識別提供了新的傳感途徑并已展現(xiàn)出巨大學(xué)術(shù)價值和廣闊應(yīng)用前景。基于掃頻激光源的FBG解調(diào)系統(tǒng)能夠滿足機械裝備監(jiān)測對大容量傳感、高速率采集和高波長分辨率的要求。然而在進行遠距離傳感解調(diào)時,光信號往返傳輸耗時產(chǎn)生光延遲效應(yīng)致使系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)波長解調(diào)誤差、檢測波峰“周期旋轉(zhuǎn)”與排列“亂序”問題,解調(diào)系統(tǒng)因定位傳感器失敗而無法正確獲得所需物理量信息。本文分析光延遲效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生原因并提出相應(yīng)波長校準(zhǔn)算法和波峰辨別方法,主要工作內(nèi)容如下:(1)分析了基于掃頻激光源的FBG解調(diào)系統(tǒng)光延遲原因,總結(jié)所產(chǎn)生的問題。解調(diào)系統(tǒng)通過時域波峰檢測時刻的測量來標(biāo)定波長,而該時刻被光信號往返傳輸耗時所滯后,解調(diào)波長出現(xiàn)誤差,檢測波峰因出現(xiàn)“周期旋轉(zhuǎn)”與排列“亂序”而無法確定其與傳感器的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。(2)改進了解調(diào)系統(tǒng)并提出波長校準(zhǔn)方法。解調(diào)系統(tǒng)增加解調(diào)速率調(diào)節(jié)模塊實現(xiàn)多種解調(diào)速率間快速切換,增加光源使能模塊抑制干擾光。利用兩個不相同的解調(diào)速率數(shù)據(jù),通過計算得到FBG對應(yīng)梳妝區(qū)間和延遲校準(zhǔn)參數(shù)。消除光延遲誤差,實現(xiàn)實時校準(zhǔn)解調(diào)。(3)提出了同距離和異距離兩種部署方式下的波峰辨別方法。同距離部署時主要影響因素為“周期旋轉(zhuǎn)”,異距離則是因FBG光纜距離間差異巨大。利用四個不同解調(diào)速率數(shù)據(jù)之間的關(guān)系,結(jié)合波長校準(zhǔn)方法,辨別出一個掃描周期內(nèi)檢測波峰與傳感器的對應(yīng)關(guān)系并消除波長誤差。(4)對波長校準(zhǔn)與波峰辨別進行了充分實驗驗證。實驗中利用多種長度光纜、多個解調(diào)速率以及不同F(xiàn)BG部署方式來模擬真實工程應(yīng)用場景;利用高分辨率示波器和光譜儀進行數(shù)據(jù)補償。觀察實驗現(xiàn)象,對比數(shù)據(jù)驗證校準(zhǔn)與辨別效果。實驗數(shù)據(jù)表明,波長校準(zhǔn)方法使得波長誤差保持在10pm以下;波峰辨別方法在同距離和異距離部署時均能夠正確找到檢測波峰與傳感器的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。該方法能夠消除光延遲所產(chǎn)生的問題,保證解調(diào)數(shù)據(jù)正確、完整。同時,該方法對應(yīng)用場景中光纜長度、光柵部署、環(huán)境等因素導(dǎo)致的光延遲變化具有自適應(yīng)能力。對比傳統(tǒng)方案,本文所提方法具有精度高、靈活性好的優(yōu)點。特別適用于基于掃頻激光源的FBG解調(diào)系統(tǒng)進行遠距離高速大容量解調(diào),保障了機械裝備監(jiān)測與故障診斷系統(tǒng)的正常運作。
[Abstract]:Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor has the characteristics of small size, wavelength encoding and strong multiplexing ability. It provides a new sensing way for condition monitoring and damage identification of mechanical equipment and has shown great academic value and broad application prospects. However, in the long-distance sensing demodulation, the time-consuming optical signal round-trip transmission results in the wavelength demodulation error, the detection peak "periodic rotation" and the arrangement "disorder" problem, and the demodulation system can not be corrected due to the failure of the positioning sensor. The main work is as follows: (1) The reason of optical delay in FBG demodulation system based on swept-frequency laser source is analyzed, and the problems are summarized. The demodulation system is marked by the measurement of peak detection time in time domain. When the wavelength is fixed, the time is delayed by the time consuming of optical signal round-trip transmission, and the demodulation wavelength has errors. The corresponding relationship between the detection peak and the sensor can not be determined because of "periodic rotation" and "disorder arrangement". (2) Improve the understanding and modulation system and propose wavelength calibration methods. Using two different demodulation rate data, the corresponding dressing interval and delay calibration parameters of FBG are calculated. The error of light delay is eliminated, and the real-time calibration and demodulation are realized. (3) The peak identification methods for the same distance and different distance are proposed. The main factor affecting the distance deployment is "periodic rotation" and the difference between FBG cable distances is enormous. Using the relationship between the four different demodulation rate data and the wavelength calibration method, the corresponding relationship between the detection peak and the sensor in a scanning period is identified and the wavelength error is eliminated. (4) Wavelength calibration and the peak are eliminated. In the experiment, a variety of lengths of fiber optic cables, multiple demodulation rates and different FBG deployments are used to simulate the real engineering application scenarios; high-resolution oscilloscope and spectrometer are used to compensate the data. The experimental phenomena are observed and compared with the data to verify the calibration and discrimination effect. This method can eliminate the problem of optical delay and ensure the correctness and integrity of demodulation data. At the same time, the length of optical cable, grating deployment and ring in the application scene can be ensured by this method. Compared with the traditional scheme, the proposed method has the advantages of high precision and good flexibility. It is especially suitable for FBG demodulation system based on sweep laser source for long-distance, high-speed and large-capacity demodulation, which ensures the normal operation of mechanical equipment monitoring and fault diagnosis system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TN253

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