發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-27 11:22

【摘要】：改革開(kāi)放三十多年來(lái),我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)快速的發(fā)展,隨之國(guó)家對(duì)基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)的重視,我國(guó)的道路建設(shè)也得以快速地發(fā)展,然而公路路網(wǎng)的不斷完善,伴隨著的就是工作量龐大的道路養(yǎng)護(hù)管理工作。路面的病害多數(shù)由裂縫發(fā)展而來(lái)的,路面病害可能會(huì)引起交通事故,危害國(guó)民生命安全以及造成財(cái)產(chǎn)損失,因此科學(xué)的周期性路面裂縫檢測(cè)可以避免路面發(fā)生更嚴(yán)重的破損,從而盡可能的降低交通事故發(fā)生的概率。然而傳統(tǒng)的人工路面裂縫檢測(cè)已經(jīng)無(wú)法滿(mǎn)足公里數(shù)巨大的道路病害檢測(cè),因此我國(guó)對(duì)智能的路面裂縫檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的研發(fā)需求是十分迫切的。本文將數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)、FPGA技術(shù)以及我國(guó)擁有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的北斗衛(wèi)星定位技術(shù)相結(jié)合的智能路面裂縫檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究。本文所設(shè)計(jì)的基于FPGA的路面裂縫檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)通過(guò)CMOS圖像傳感器進(jìn)行視頻圖像采集,SDRAM進(jìn)行視頻圖像的緩存,VGA進(jìn)行視頻圖像的顯示,北斗定位模塊進(jìn)行位置信息的獲取,以及LCD12684進(jìn)行識(shí)別分類(lèi)結(jié)果和地理位置信息的顯示。整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的模塊都是采用VerilogHDL進(jìn)行編寫(xiě)。系統(tǒng)首先將采集到的圖像進(jìn)行預(yù)處理,將CMOS輸出RGB565格式的圖像進(jìn)行灰度轉(zhuǎn)換,隨后對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)換后的灰度圖像利用中值濾波進(jìn)行降噪處理,下一步是對(duì)圖像進(jìn)行分割處理,為了提高檢測(cè)準(zhǔn)確性和抗干擾能力,在Sobel邊緣檢測(cè)算法中加入可變分母的差分運(yùn)算對(duì)有效目標(biāo)進(jìn)行提取,然后采用形態(tài)學(xué)對(duì)圖像進(jìn)行修復(fù),最后通過(guò)投影算法對(duì)目標(biāo)圖像進(jìn)行特征提取,進(jìn)行識(shí)別分類(lèi)并生成一個(gè)使能信號(hào)向接收到的定位信息進(jìn)行有效信息的提取,并將裂縫識(shí)別分類(lèi)結(jié)果與定位信息進(jìn)行顯示。將系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行搭建并調(diào)試,以及通過(guò)戶(hù)外實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,本文所設(shè)計(jì)的智能路面裂縫檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)正常的路面裂縫檢測(cè)。
[Abstract]:In the past 30 years of reform and opening up, with the rapid development of economic construction in our country, the road construction in our country has also developed rapidly with the attention of the country to the infrastructure construction. However, the continuous improvement of the highway network is accompanied by the heavy workload of road maintenance and management. Most of the pavement diseases are developed by cracks. Pavement diseases may cause traffic accidents, endanger the safety of national lives and cause property losses. Therefore, scientific periodic pavement crack detection can avoid more serious pavement damage, so as to reduce the probability of traffic accidents as much as possible. However, the traditional artificial pavement crack detection has been unable to meet the huge number of miles of road disease detection, so the research and development of intelligent pavement crack detection system is very urgent in our country. In this paper, digital image processing technology, FPGA technology and intelligent pavement crack detection system with independent intellectual property rights of Beidou satellite positioning technology in China are studied. In this paper, the pavement crack detection system based on FPGA is designed for video image acquisition through CMOS image sensor, SDRAM for video image cache, VGA for video image display, Beidou positioning module for location information acquisition, and LCD12684 for recognition and classification results and geographical location information display. The modules of the whole system are written by VerilogHDL. The system first preprocesses the collected image and converts the image of CMOS output RGB565 format into gray scale, and then reduces the noise of the converted gray image by median filtering. The next step is to segment the image. In order to improve the detection accuracy and anti-interference ability, the variable denominator difference operation is added to the Sobel edge detection algorithm to extract the effective target. Then the morphology is used to repair the image, and finally, the feature extraction of the target image is carried out by projection algorithm, the recognition and classification are carried out, and an enabling signal is generated to extract the effective information to the received location information, and the result of crack recognition classification and the location information are displayed. The system is built and debugged, and the outdoor experimental results show that the intelligent pavement crack detection system designed in this paper can achieve normal pavement crack detection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U418.6;TP391.41

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