發(fā)布時間：2019-06-14 23:46

【摘要】：廢舊輪胎作為汽車工業(yè)最主要的固體廢棄物之一,給生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)帶來巨大的壓力。此外,道路交通方面的壓力在于與之緊密相關(guān)的各種路面病害。橡膠瀝青作為一種環(huán)保優(yōu)質(zhì)的道路工程新材料,在消耗廢舊輪胎膠粉和提高道路交通服務(wù)水平方面具有良好的效果,但儲存穩(wěn)定性差卻制約著橡膠瀝青的推廣應(yīng)用。因此,如何提高橡膠瀝青儲存穩(wěn)定性,延長瀝青路面使用壽命,提高瀝青路面服務(wù)水平成為了行業(yè)內(nèi)工作者亟待解決的問題。對膠粉進(jìn)行活化處理后生產(chǎn)改性瀝青為上述問題提供了解決途徑。本文采用微波活化方法對廢舊膠粉進(jìn)行活化處理,制備橡膠瀝青并用瀝青篩過濾得到不含膠粉的橡膠瀝青結(jié)合料,采用布氏粘度(BV)、動態(tài)剪切流變(DSR)對比研究膠粉活化前后橡膠瀝青的路用性能,在此基礎(chǔ)上,推薦活化膠粉制備高性能橡膠瀝青的制備工藝與參數(shù)。結(jié)果表明,廢舊輪胎膠粉微波活化時間為90s時,膠粉改性瀝青具有最佳的粘性及高溫穩(wěn)定性�；罨�膠粉改性瀝青的復(fù)數(shù)剪切模量值與相應(yīng)的IE存在線性正相關(guān),IE越高,其相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)剪切模量值越大;活化膠粉改性瀝青的復(fù)數(shù)剪切模量值與相應(yīng)的PE存在線性正相關(guān),PE越高,其相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)剪切模量值越大。對活化前后的膠粉進(jìn)行掃描電子顯微鏡實(shí)驗和比表面積測試,分析微波活化廢舊輪胎膠粉表觀形貌的影響以及比表面積的變化情況,結(jié)合活化前后膠粉改性瀝青性能變化情況,對改性機(jī)理進(jìn)行分析研究。通過實(shí)驗得出,微波輻射使膠粉中增加了很多微孔,這些微孔提高了膠粉的比表面積。經(jīng)過微波處理的膠粉都表現(xiàn)出不同程度的團(tuán)聚現(xiàn)象,顆粒之間間距變小,表面孔隙有所增多,且隨著微波處理時間的增加其團(tuán)聚現(xiàn)象有所增加,表面孔隙有致密的趨勢,經(jīng)過微波處理的膠粉表現(xiàn)出類似“溶脹”的現(xiàn)象,孔隙增多,比表面積增大。采用凝膠滲透色譜試驗對活化膠粉改性瀝青的分子量進(jìn)行研究,分析活化膠粉改性瀝青的中大分子、中分子即小分子含量與改性瀝青性能的關(guān)系,并對交互反應(yīng)(IE)及交聯(lián)作用(PE)與分子量的關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明,LMS與粘度及復(fù)數(shù)剪切模量的IE值呈正相關(guān),即粘度或復(fù)數(shù)剪切模量的IE值增大,LMS值也相應(yīng)增大,膠粉顆粒在瀝青中的填充作用(即PE)對LMS的影響應(yīng)當(dāng)較小。采用差式掃描量熱與熱重試驗分析活化膠粉改性瀝青在升溫過程中的質(zhì)量變化及熱穩(wěn)定性,實(shí)驗結(jié)果表明微波活化對膠粉改性瀝青熱重試驗中質(zhì)量損失及質(zhì)量損失速率的影響較小。
[Abstract]:As one of the most important solid wastes in automobile industry, waste tires bring great pressure to the protection of ecological environment. In addition, the pressure of road traffic lies in a variety of road diseases closely related to it. Rubber asphalt, as a new material of environmental protection and high quality road engineering, has a good effect in consuming waste tire rubber powder and improving road traffic service level, but the poor storage stability restricts the popularization and application of rubber asphalt. Therefore, how to improve the storage stability of rubber asphalt, prolong the service life of asphalt pavement and improve the service level of asphalt pavement has become an urgent problem for workers in the industry. The production of modified asphalt after activation treatment of rubber powder provides a solution to the above problems. In this paper, waste rubber powder was activated by microwave activation method, rubber asphalt was prepared and filtered with asphalt screen to obtain rubber asphalt binder without rubber powder. Brinell viscosity (BV), dynamic shear Rheological (DSR) was used to study the road performance of rubber asphalt before and after activation of rubber powder. On this basis, the preparation process and parameters of high performance rubber asphalt prepared by activated rubber powder were recommended. The results show that when the microwave activation time of waste tire rubber powder is 90 s, the rubber powder modified asphalt has the best viscosity and high temperature stability. There is a linear positive correlation between the complex shear modulus of activated rubber powder modified asphalt and the corresponding IE. The higher the IE is, the greater the corresponding complex shear modulus is. The complex shear modulus of activated rubber powder modified asphalt has a linear positive correlation with the corresponding PE, and the higher the PE, the greater the corresponding complex shear modulus. The effects of microwave activation on the apparent morphology and specific surface area of waste tire rubber powder before and after activation were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and specific surface area test. the modification mechanism was analyzed and studied according to the performance change of rubber powder modified asphalt before and after activation. The experimental results show that many micropores are added to the rubber powder by microwave radiation, and these micropores increase the specific surface area of the rubber powder. The rubber powder treated by microwave showed different degrees of agglomeration, the spacing between particles became smaller, the surface pores increased, and with the increase of microwave treatment time, the agglomeration phenomenon increased, and the surface pores tended to be dense. The rubber powder treated by microwave showed similar "swelling" phenomenon, the pores increased and the specific surface area increased. The molecular weight of activated rubber powder modified asphalt was studied by gel osmotic chromatography (GPC). The relationship between the content of medium and small molecules and the properties of modified asphalt was analyzed, and the relationship between the interaction reaction (IE) and crosslinked (PE) and molecular weight was analyzed. The results show that LMS is positively correlated with the IE value of viscosity and complex shear modulus, that is, the IE value of viscosity or complex shear modulus increases, and the PE value also increases correspondingly. The filling effect of rubber powder particles in asphalt (that is, PE) should have little effect on LMS. The quality change and thermal stability of activated rubber powder modified asphalt during heating were analyzed by differential scanning thermogravimetric test (DSC). The experimental results show that microwave activation has little effect on mass loss and mass loss rate in thermogravimetric test of rubber powder modified asphalt.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U414

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本文編號：2499800