發(fā)布時間：2018-11-27 18:30

【摘要】：隨著國際貿(mào)易地不斷發(fā)展、集裝箱標準化和船舶噸位的不斷變化等因素,促使著國際貿(mào)易的不斷增長。隨著船舶噸位和船型尺度的增長,能夠靠泊服務(wù)這類船舶的干線港口越來越少。而航道作為這些干線港口最重要的紐帶,航道通過能力制約整個港口效率提升的效應(yīng)越來越明顯。隨著航道不斷的疏浚和建設(shè),原有的人工干預(yù)、人工管理及人工決策已經(jīng)不能滿足日益增加的船舶交通量的需要。本文以天津港復(fù)式航道為例,研究復(fù)式航道水域的船舶交通組織的優(yōu)化方法,主要研究工作如下:1.分析天津港復(fù)式航道水域的船舶交通組織規(guī)則,確定復(fù)式航道船舶組織的關(guān)鍵點。通過對天津港復(fù)式航道船舶交通組織規(guī)則的分析明確了復(fù)式航道的運行流程和要求,明確了船舶屬性、Y字型航道口交通避讓協(xié)調(diào)機理以及船舶在復(fù)式航道口 29號燈浮附近的大小船分流的標準、在39號燈浮附近船舶根據(jù)去向的目的地不同等大小船合流的原則,結(jié)合天津港船舶交通服務(wù)中心(Vessel Traffic Service,VTS)對于復(fù)式航道運行的流程歸納出復(fù)式航道條件下港口船舶調(diào)度的機理為船舶調(diào)度建模與算法設(shè)計服務(wù)。2.建立復(fù)式航道水域船舶調(diào)度優(yōu)化數(shù)學(xué)模型。從港口調(diào)度實際出發(fā),建立了總調(diào)度時間最小和總等待時間最小的調(diào)度優(yōu)化目標函數(shù)。將營運船舶按照船型、船船長和船寬對船舶需要采取主航道或小船航道進出復(fù)式航道水域進行劃分;在劃分等級的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)船舶進出港方向和停靠的泊位對進出港的船舶進行編號;考慮到對于超大型船舶(A類船舶)進港的特殊要求,對于這類船舶優(yōu)先調(diào)度同時兼顧兼顧船舶吃水和潮高的限制,設(shè)計了大船優(yōu)先調(diào)度調(diào)度的約束;考慮到船舶在港作業(yè)的連續(xù)性,當(dāng)船舶航行在29號燈浮、39號燈浮、Y字航道口這些交通流匯聚和沖突的地點,建立連續(xù)性約束;對船舶在復(fù)式航道中的39號燈浮、Y字航道交叉口的匯聚分析,建立了疏解船舶交叉的約束。同時,考慮到船舶在港航行的連續(xù)性,船舶進出港的速度時一個逐漸減速/加速的過程,而由于船型不同以及船舶載態(tài)的變化導(dǎo)致船舶在港的速度是一個不確定的變量,設(shè)計了基于分組排序的船舶動態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)挖掘和篩選算法,將屬于同一噸位和同種類型的船舶動態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)篩選出來,采用統(tǒng)計的方法對這些數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計,得到了不同噸位和不同類型出船舶在進出天津港復(fù)式航道時的速度變化規(guī)律,建立不同船型和噸位等級的船舶進出復(fù)式航道的速度變化模型,該模型用于船舶在交叉會遇區(qū)域的船舶實時速度計算,減少了以往依靠船舶平均速度來表示船舶速度的變化的缺陷。3.設(shè)計了復(fù)式航道水域船舶調(diào)度優(yōu)化的多目標遺傳算法(CWSGA)。針對復(fù)式航道船舶調(diào)度問題的多約束、多目標和多過程的特點,設(shè)計了復(fù)式航道條件下的船舶調(diào)度多目標遺傳算法。算法設(shè)計了適合復(fù)式航道調(diào)度的染色體四層編碼和解碼方法,考慮到船舶等待時間的極限,加入了等待時間閾值的適應(yīng)度評價函數(shù),基于序值和擁擠距離的選擇算法、單點交叉算法和變異算法進行遺傳操作。4.驗證復(fù)式航道中的港口船舶調(diào)度優(yōu)化的模型與算法的有效性和合理性。根據(jù)天津VTS船舶交通信息服務(wù)平臺得到船舶調(diào)度數(shù)據(jù),首先對設(shè)計的算法進行性能測試,先到先服務(wù)的規(guī)則和隨機生成算法兩種標準算法作為參照標準,結(jié)果表明CWSGA算法的性能優(yōu)于標準算法,且當(dāng)調(diào)度船舶在30-40艘次之間算法尋優(yōu)的能力最優(yōu)異。根據(jù)2015年3月11日進出天津港的實際數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)合仿真數(shù)據(jù),對算法進行了驗證,驗證結(jié)果表明,相比傳統(tǒng)的調(diào)度方式,使用CWSGA能夠提高船舶在復(fù)式航道的調(diào)度效率。
[Abstract]:With the development of the international trade, the standardization of the container and the changing of the ship's tonnage, the continuous increase of international trade is driven. With the increase of the tonnage of the ship and the scale of the ship, there are fewer and less main ports of the vessel that can be used for berthing. The channel, as the most important link in these main ports, is becoming more and more obvious by the ability of the channel to restrict the efficiency of the whole port. With the continuous dredging and construction of the channel, the original manual intervention, manual management and artificial decision have not satisfied the increasing demand of ship traffic volume. In this paper, the optimization method of the ship traffic organization in the multi-channel water area is studied with the port of Tianjin port as an example, and the main research work is as follows: 1. The paper analyzes the rules of the ship traffic organization in the water area of the compound channel in Tianjin Port, and determines the key point of the multi-channel ship's organization. Through the analysis of the traffic organization rules of the multi-channel ship in Tianjin Port, the operation process and requirements of the compound channel are clarified, the ship attribute, the traffic avoidance coordination mechanism of the Y-type channel port, and the standard of the ship's large-boat shunting in the vicinity of the double-channel port 29 are clarified, On the basis of the principle of merging large small boats, such as the destination of the destination, the ship near the No. 39 lamp is combined with the Vessel Traffic Service Center of Tianjin Port (Vessel Traffic Service, The mechanism of the ship scheduling of the port under the condition of the compound channel is the ship scheduling modeling and the algorithm design service. To set up a mathematical model for the optimization of ship scheduling in multi-channel water area. The scheduling optimization objective function with the minimum total scheduling time and the minimum total waiting time is established from the port scheduling. according to the ship type, the captain and the ship width of the ship, the ship needs to adopt a main channel or a small boat channel to enter and exit the water area of the compound channel; and on the basis of the division level, the ship entering the port is numbered according to the port direction of the ship and the berth of the ship; In view of the special requirements for the entry port of the super-large ship (Class A ship), the restriction of the priority scheduling of the large ship is designed for the priority scheduling of the ship, taking into account the restriction of the ship draft and the high tide, and taking into account the continuity of the ship in the port operation, When the ship is sailing on the No. 29, the No. 39 lamp is floated and the Y-word channel is the place where the traffic flow is converged and the collision, and the continuity constraint is established; the convergence and analysis of the No. 39 lamp in the compound channel and the intersection of the Y-word channel are analyzed, and the constraint on the crossing of the ship is established. At the same time, taking into account the continuity of the ship in the port, the speed of the ship entering the port is a gradual reduction/ acceleration process, and the speed of the ship at the port is an uncertain variable due to the different ship types and the change of the load state of the ship, the dynamic data mining and screening algorithm of the ship based on the grouping ordering is designed, the dynamic data of the ship belonging to the same tonnage and the same type are screened out, the invention obtains the change rule of the speed of a ship with different tonnage and different types when entering and leaving the compound channel of the Tianjin port, and establishes a speed change model of the ship entering and leaving the compound channel of different ship types and tonnage grades, the defect that the speed of the ship can be represented by the average speed of the ship in the past is reduced. A multi-objective genetic algorithm (CWSGA) is designed for ship scheduling optimization in multiple channel waters. The multi-objective and multi-objective genetic algorithm for ship scheduling under complex channel conditions is designed for the multi-constraint, multi-objective and multi-process characteristics of the multi-channel ship scheduling problem. A four-layer coding and decoding method suitable for multi-channel scheduling is designed, considering the limit of the waiting time of the ship, the fitness evaluation function of the waiting time threshold, the selection algorithm based on the order value and the congestion distance are added, A single-point crossover algorithm and a mutation algorithm are used for genetic manipulation. To verify the validity and rationality of the model and algorithm of port ship scheduling optimization in the compound channel. according to the traffic information service platform of the Tianjin VTS ship, the ship scheduling data is obtained, the performance test is carried out on the designed algorithm, and the two standard algorithms of the first service and the random generation algorithm are used as reference standards, the results show that the performance of the CWSGA algorithm is superior to the standard algorithm, and the ability of the scheduling ship to optimize the algorithm between 30 and 40 times is the most excellent. According to the actual data in and out of Tianjin port on March 11, 2015, the algorithm is validated, and the results show that using CWSGA can improve the dispatching efficiency of the ship in the compound channel compared with the traditional dispatching mode.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U691.3

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