發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-22 12:33

【摘要】：隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)快速發(fā)展,機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)保有量不斷增加,由于受現(xiàn)有基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、投資力度、資源等方面的制約,又加上交通設(shè)施供應(yīng)的增長(zhǎng)相對(duì)滯后,出現(xiàn)了一系列“行車(chē)難”、“停車(chē)難”的城市交通問(wèn)題。為了有效的緩解交通壓力,使道路通行順暢,國(guó)內(nèi)外許多知名學(xué)者致力于通過(guò)調(diào)整出行者出行結(jié)構(gòu),改善交通擁堵?tīng)顩r。目前,在眾多的緩堵保暢措施實(shí)踐中,停車(chē)收費(fèi)被證明是一種行之有效的手段。論文以制定合理的停車(chē)收費(fèi)費(fèi)率,調(diào)節(jié)出行者出行結(jié)構(gòu),緩解城市交通壓力為目標(biāo)。首先從效用理論入手,建立以隨機(jī)效用最大化為基礎(chǔ)的停車(chē)收費(fèi)影響的Logit模型,并計(jì)算出在不同停車(chē)收費(fèi)費(fèi)率水平下,小汽車(chē)的分擔(dān)率以及部分出行者放棄小汽車(chē)選擇公交車(chē)的比例。其次,在效用視角下,私家車(chē)出行者對(duì)停車(chē)收費(fèi)的理解期望效用就等于選擇該交通方式的概率。基于私家車(chē)出行者對(duì)停車(chē)收費(fèi)的期望,建立分擔(dān)率影響的理解期望效用函數(shù),不同停車(chē)收費(fèi)費(fèi)率水平下,出行者對(duì)停車(chē)收費(fèi)的理解期望效用不同。最后,根據(jù)理解期望效用函數(shù)與滿(mǎn)意度函數(shù)之間的關(guān)系,推導(dǎo)出滿(mǎn)意度函數(shù),并針對(duì)私家車(chē)出行者對(duì)停車(chē)收費(fèi)的敏感性進(jìn)行分析。以西安市為例進(jìn)行實(shí)證研究,并從區(qū)域劃分、區(qū)域功能、停車(chē)設(shè)施的完善三個(gè)方面對(duì)西安市停車(chē)收費(fèi)提出可行性建議。全文主要運(yùn)用理論與實(shí)證、定性與定量相結(jié)合的方法,從效用的角度,對(duì)停車(chē)收費(fèi)費(fèi)率進(jìn)行測(cè)算,確定停車(chē)收費(fèi)費(fèi)率的閥值。通過(guò)研究得出:理解期望效用隨收費(fèi)費(fèi)率的增加而增大,達(dá)到某一固定值后保持不變;而私家車(chē)出行者對(duì)停車(chē)收費(fèi)的滿(mǎn)意度均為負(fù)值,私家車(chē)出行者對(duì)停車(chē)收費(fèi)認(rèn)知程度高,滿(mǎn)意度隨收費(fèi)費(fèi)率的增加減小的速度較緩慢,反之,出行者對(duì)停車(chē)收費(fèi)認(rèn)知程度低,滿(mǎn)意度隨收費(fèi)費(fèi)率的增加減小的速度較迅速。
[Abstract]:With the sustained and rapid development of the national economy, the number of motor vehicles has been increasing. Due to the constraints of existing infrastructure, investment and resources, and the relative lag in the growth of transport facilities supply, There are a series of "driving difficulties", "parking difficulties" of urban traffic problems. In order to effectively relieve traffic pressure and make the road smooth, many famous scholars at home and abroad are committed to improve traffic congestion by adjusting the structure of travelers. At present, parking charge has been proved to be an effective method in the practice of many slow blocking measures. The purpose of this paper is to establish reasonable parking fee rate, adjust the travel structure of travelers and relieve the pressure of urban traffic. Based on the utility theory, the Logit model of parking fee effect based on random utility maximization is established, and the different parking fee rates are calculated. The share of cars and the proportion of some travelers giving up cars and choosing buses. Secondly, from the perspective of utility, private car traveler's understanding of parking fee is equal to the probability of choosing this mode of transportation. Based on the expectation of private car travelers on parking fees, the expected utility function of the effect of sharing rate is established. Under different parking fee rates, travelers have different understanding of the expected utility of parking fees. Finally, according to the understanding of the relationship between the expected utility function and the satisfaction function, the satisfaction function is derived, and the sensitivity of private car travelers to parking charges is analyzed. Taking Xi'an as an example, this paper makes an empirical study, and puts forward some feasible suggestions on parking charges in Xi'an from the following three aspects: regional division, regional function and the improvement of parking facilities. This paper mainly uses the theory and demonstration, qualitative and quantitative methods, from the point of view of utility, to calculate the parking fee rate and determine the threshold value of parking toll rate. Through the study, it is concluded that the expected utility increases with the increase of the fee rate, and remains unchanged after a fixed value is reached; The satisfaction of private car travelers on parking charges are negative, private car travelers have a high level of awareness of parking charges, the satisfaction rate decreases slowly with the increase of toll rates, on the contrary, the level of awareness of parking charges is low. The rate of satisfaction decreases rapidly with the increase of charge rate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U491.7

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