發(fā)布時間：2018-03-16 18:07

  本文選題：高速鐵路地震預警　切入點：V圖定位　出處：《中國地震局工程力學研究所》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：地震預警技術(shù)近年來發(fā)展迅速，它主要利用震源附近地震臺站記錄到的地震動初始信息，，快速估計相關(guān)參數(shù)并預測預警目標區(qū)的地震影響，在破壞性地震波到達該區(qū)域前向其發(fā)布地震預警信息。地震預警系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)在一些國家和地區(qū)投入使用，它不僅為普通公眾提供服務，而且為重要的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施提供安全保障。本文在我國高速鐵路建設(shè)飛速發(fā)展的背景下，以福建數(shù)字地震臺網(wǎng)為基礎(chǔ)平臺，服務于福廈高鐵，主要研究包括：單臺V圖預警定位方法，儀器烈度預測技術(shù)，鐵路沿線烈度分布估計，以及P波、S波、PGA預警時間及盲區(qū)的評估，本文根據(jù)所研究的內(nèi)容初步搭建了高速鐵路地震預警系統(tǒng)的框架。主要研究工作如下： 1．本文在參考國外高速鐵路地震預警系統(tǒng)中地震定位方法的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合我國福建地區(qū)地震臺網(wǎng)建設(shè)的實際情況，在我國的高鐵預警系統(tǒng)建設(shè)中采用Voronoi(以下簡稱V圖)剖分定位的方法，假定首個觸發(fā)臺站的位置即為震中。在臺站控制的V圖多邊形區(qū)域內(nèi)進行網(wǎng)格離散化，假設(shè)每個網(wǎng)格點即為一個子震源，統(tǒng)計了單臺定位時，每個臺站利用V圖剖分技術(shù)造成的定位誤差，并藉此評估定位誤差對鐵路沿線烈度預測產(chǎn)生的影響。通過對評估結(jié)果的分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)對于福建地區(qū)的地震觀測臺網(wǎng)，單臺V圖定位的精度基本能夠滿足高速鐵路地震預警定位的要求。 2．收集了日本KiK-net部分加速度資料，在現(xiàn)有儀器烈度計算公式的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了幾組實時預測烈度的公式，隨后利用汶川、集集地震對預測公式進行檢驗，并對影響預測效果的因素進行了簡單的分析。通過對檢驗結(jié)果的對比，推薦了實用性較強的烈度預測公式。 3．高速鐵路為線狀分布，一次地震中不同區(qū)段遭受的地震影響不盡相同。本文認為首個觸發(fā)臺站的預測烈度即為震中烈度，利用烈度衰減關(guān)系，繪制了烈度衰減等值線圖并推導了鐵路沿線不同區(qū)段遭受地震烈度的計算公式。首個臺站觸發(fā)時，根據(jù)其與鐵路的相對位置，結(jié)合烈度衰減等值線圖和衰減關(guān)系，鐵路沿線遭受的地震影響可以快速估計。 4．高速鐵路單臺預警時間與盲區(qū)的估計與眾多因素有關(guān)，本文忽略信息傳輸延遲、預警信息發(fā)布耗時等，著重考慮了單臺預警時儀器烈度預測需時。結(jié)合儀器烈度預測公式和福建地區(qū)臺網(wǎng)的分布及密度，本文認為首臺觸發(fā)后3秒發(fā)布預警信息即能保證一定的烈度預測精度，又兼顧了鐵路預警時效性的要求。以此為基礎(chǔ)，采用華南速度結(jié)構(gòu)模型，在福建省區(qū)域內(nèi)同樣采用網(wǎng)格離散化方法，統(tǒng)計分析了鐵路P波、S波、PGA的預警時間及盲區(qū)分布。最后，利用東南區(qū)域潛在震源資料，對福廈高鐵沿線福州、廈門等四個重要站點具有的預警時間和可能遭受的烈度進行評估。
[Abstract]:Seismic early warning technology has developed rapidly in recent years. It mainly uses the initial information of ground motion recorded by seismic stations near the source to estimate the relevant parameters quickly and to predict the earthquake effect in the target area of early warning. Issue early warning information to destructive seismic waves before they reach the region. Earthquake warning systems are already in use in some countries and regions, not only for the general public, but also for the general public. In the context of the rapid development of high-speed railway construction in China, this paper takes the Fujian Digital Seismic Network as the basic platform to serve the Fuzhou-Xiamen high-speed railway. The main research includes: single V map early warning positioning method, instrument intensity prediction technology, intensity distribution estimation along the railway line, and PGA early warning time and blind area assessment of P wave and S wave. In this paper, the frame of earthquake early warning system of high-speed railway is built up according to the contents of the research. The main research work is as follows:. 1. On the basis of referring to the seismic location methods in the earthquake early warning system of foreign high-speed railway, this paper combines the actual situation of seismic network construction in Fujian area of our country. In the early warning system construction of high-speed railway in China, Voronoi (hereinafter referred to as V chart) is used to divide and locate, and the position of the first trigger station is assumed to be the epicenter. The grid is discretized in the polygon region of the V diagram controlled by the station. Assuming that each grid point is a sub-seismic source, the positioning errors caused by the V-map subdivision technique are calculated for each station when a single station is located. Through the analysis of the evaluation results, it is found that the earthquake observation network in Fujian area, The accuracy of single V map location can meet the requirements of earthquake early warning location of high speed railway. 2. The partial acceleration data of KiK-net in Japan are collected. Based on the existing formulas for calculating the intensity of the instrument, several real time intensity prediction formulas are put forward, and then the prediction formulas are tested by Wenchuan and Jiji earthquakes. Based on the comparison of the test results, the practical intensity prediction formula is recommended. 3. The high-speed railway is a linear distribution, and different sections of an earthquake are affected by different earthquakes. In this paper, it is considered that the predicted intensity of the first triggering station is epicentral intensity, and the intensity attenuation relation is used. The intensity attenuation isoline diagram is drawn and the formula for calculating the seismic intensity of different sections along the railway line is derived. When the first station triggers, according to its relative position with the railway, combined with the intensity attenuation isoline diagram and attenuation relation, The earthquake effect along the railway line can be estimated quickly. 4. The time of single station early warning and the estimation of blind area of high speed railway are related to many factors, such as the delay of information transmission, the time consuming of issuing early warning information, etc. This paper emphatically considers the time required for the prediction of the intensity of the instrument in the case of a single early warning. Combined with the formula of predicting the intensity of the instrument and the distribution and density of the network in Fujian area, this paper holds that the early warning information released at 3 seconds after the first trigger can guarantee certain precision of intensity prediction. On the basis of this, the speed structure model of South China and the method of grid discretization in Fujian province are adopted to analyze the early warning time and blind area distribution of railway P wave S wave and PGA. Based on the potential source data of southeast region, the warning time and potential intensity of four important stations, Fuzhou and Xiamen, along the Fuzhou-Xiamen high-speed railway line are evaluated.
【學位授予單位】：中國地震局工程力學研究所
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P315.9;U298

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