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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：三大口岸入境外國旅游流地理分布與網(wǎng)絡(luò)特征對比研究　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 京、滬、穗口岸 入境旅游流 旅游流網(wǎng)絡(luò) 社會網(wǎng)路分析法

【摘要】：改革開放以來,我國入境旅游業(yè)依托強大的資源與政策優(yōu)勢得以迅猛發(fā)展。截止2011年,已經(jīng)成為繼法國、美國之后世界第三大入境旅游目的地國家。然而我國入境旅游市場長期呈現(xiàn)港澳臺市場占80%以上,外國市場不足20%的“二八”結(jié)構(gòu),拓展入境外國市場是中國入境旅游業(yè)發(fā)展面臨的重要任務(wù)。京、滬、穗作為我國入境旅游的三大主要口岸,以及環(huán)渤海、長三角和珠三角經(jīng)濟區(qū)的核心城市,已經(jīng)成為我國入境旅游業(yè)發(fā)展的主要增長極。三大口岸無論是入境旅游接待量還是外匯收入均位居全國前列,且同時是國內(nèi)其他省市入境旅游流的重要中轉(zhuǎn)口岸和“二手客源地”,對我國入境旅游流的空間分布和擴散有著重要的作用和影響。因此,對比研究京、滬、穗三大口岸入境外國旅游流的地理分布特征和流動規(guī)律對于拓展全國及其他省市入境外國市場均具有重要意義。 本文采用問卷調(diào)查法,在北京、上海、廣州和西安等10個熱點旅游城市進行入境外國游客信息采樣,共獲得了2158份三大口岸入境外國游客的調(diào)查問卷。在國內(nèi)外研究綜述的基礎(chǔ)上,應(yīng)用地圖分析法對三大口岸入境外國旅游流的地理分布和流動規(guī)律進行了對比研究。應(yīng)用社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析法,對三大口岸入境外國旅游流網(wǎng)絡(luò)的整體結(jié)構(gòu)特征和個體位置進行了對比研究。 主要研究結(jié)論為： (1)從京、滬、穗三大口岸入境的外國旅游流空間分布都不均衡,集中分布在中東部地區(qū),西北地區(qū)、青藏高原地區(qū)和東北地區(qū)均塌陷顯著,呈現(xiàn)出“東密西疏”的總體趨勢。其中,從北京入境的外國旅游流的分布范圍最廣,高等級的入境外國旅游流主要分布在長三角地區(qū)、泛珠三角地區(qū)、大西安和成渝地區(qū),一個“金 三角”(北京-西安-上海)和四個“銀三角”：(北京-上海-桂林、北京-桂林-上海、北京-西安-成都、杭州-蘇州-上海)構(gòu)成了北京入境旅游流的總體框架。從上海入境的外國旅游流的分布范圍次之,高等級的入境外國旅游流主要分布在長三角地區(qū)內(nèi)部。上海-蘇州-杭州,蘇州-杭州-南京、上海-北京-桂林構(gòu)成了匕海入境外國旅游流的總體框架。從廣州入境的外國旅游流的分布范圍最小,形成了以廣州、香港、桂林、上海、北京為核心,以泛珠三角地區(qū)和長三角地區(qū)為集聚與擴散區(qū)域的空間分布格局。 (2)從京、滬、穗三大口岸入境的外國旅游流空間擴散強度在節(jié)點城市間分布不均衡,“向豐性”和“趨高性”是其空間擴散的主要特點。從北京和上海入境的外國旅游流在目的地城市間的有向流動符合“二八定律”,即80%的有向流動發(fā)生在近20%的城市對之間。從廣州入境的外國旅游流在目的地城市間的有向流動主要發(fā)生在在少數(shù)高頻城市對之間。 (3)北京和廣州入境外國旅游流網(wǎng)絡(luò)為典型的核心邊緣網(wǎng)絡(luò),網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)部核心節(jié)點少而邊緣節(jié)點多,網(wǎng)絡(luò)整體密度低且集中化趨勢明顯。上海入境外國旅游流網(wǎng)絡(luò)不構(gòu)成核心邊緣網(wǎng)絡(luò)。三大口岸入境外國旅游流網(wǎng)絡(luò)中均存在明顯的強派系。這些強派系間成員交叉性顯著,成員數(shù)量多的派系內(nèi)部區(qū)域跨度大,成員少的派系呈現(xiàn)區(qū)域內(nèi)集中分布的特征。三大口岸均出現(xiàn)了一些比較穩(wěn)定的目的地組合：北京-上海、北京-西安和桂林-上海是北京入境外國旅游流網(wǎng)絡(luò)中較為理想的旅游目的地組合；北京-桂林是上海入境外國旅游流網(wǎng)絡(luò)中較為理想的目的地組合；廣州-桂林是廣州入境外國旅游流網(wǎng)絡(luò)中較為理想的旅游目的地組合。 (4)三大口岸入境外國旅游流網(wǎng)絡(luò)均具有明顯的等級結(jié)構(gòu),節(jié)點的等級越高,節(jié)點數(shù)量越少。京、滬、穗分別是各自旅游流網(wǎng)絡(luò)最核心的節(jié)點,廣州在京、滬兩大口岸入境外國旅游流網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的地位較低。北京、上海、桂林和西安等4個城市對三大口岸入境旅游流的集散和中轉(zhuǎn)能力均較強,這4個城市也是北京入境旅游流的重要集散中心和中轉(zhuǎn)中心。以上海為核心的長三角地區(qū)和以廣州為核心的珠三角地區(qū)內(nèi)部城市分別在從上海和從廣州入境的外國旅游流集散與中轉(zhuǎn)方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。 本研究的創(chuàng)新之處： (1)首次對三大口岸入境外國旅游流地理分布網(wǎng)絡(luò)與網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)及類型進行了對比研究。 (2)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)北京和上海入境外國旅游流網(wǎng)絡(luò)為典型的核心邊緣網(wǎng)絡(luò),從北京和上海入境的外國旅游流在目的地城市間的有向流動符合“二八定律”。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's inbound tourism based on resource and policy advantages of powerful to rapid development. By the end of 2011, after the United States has become France, the world's third largest tourist destination country. However, China's inbound tourism market is showing a long-term market in Hong Kong and Taiwan foreign market accounted for more than 80%, less than 20% of the "28" structure. The inbound foreign market is an important task for the development of China inbound tourism. Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou as the three major ports of entry tourism in China, and the Bohai sea, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta Economic Zone core City, has become a major growth in the development of China's tourism industry. The three major ports both inbound travel or foreign exchange income are among the nation's, and also is an important transit port of inbound tourism flows in other domestic provinces and cities and the "secondary source" of China's inbound tourism flow The spatial distribution and dispersion of the three ports play an important role and influence. Therefore, the comparative study of the geographical distribution characteristics and the flow rules of the inbound foreign tourist flows at Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou ports is of great significance for expanding the entry of foreign markets across the country and other provinces.
This paper adopts the method of questionnaire survey, in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Xi'an 10 hot tourist city for foreign tourists information sampling, received a total of 2158 questionnaires of three major ports of entry of foreign tourists. Based on the domestic and foreign research review and analysis to make a comparative study of the geographic distribution of inbound foreign tourist flow the three major ports and flow pattern map application. The application of social network analysis, the three major ports of inbound foreign tourist flow network's overall structure and individual position are studied.
The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) from Beijing, Shanghai, the spatial distribution of foreign tourism flow spike three ports of entry are not balanced, concentrated in the eastern region, northwest region and the northeast region of Qinghai Tibet Plateau are collapse significantly, showing the overall trend of Eastern sparse ". Among them, the foreign tourist flow range from Beijing the most widely, high level of inbound foreign tourist flow is mainly distributed in the Yangtze River Delta region, the Pearl River Delta, Xi'an and Chengdu Chongqing region, a" golden
Delta (Beijing - Xi'an - Shanghai) and the four "Silver Triangle": (Beijing - Shanghai - Guilin, Beijing - Guilin - Shanghai, Beijing - Xi'an - Chengdu, Hangzhou - Suzhou - Shanghai) constitute the overall framework of inbound tourism flows in Beijing. From the Shanghai inbound foreign tourist flow distribution of the high grade, the inbound foreign tourist flow is mainly distributed in the Yangtze River Delta region. Within the Shanghai - Suzhou - Hangzhou, Suzhou - Hangzhou - Nanjing, Shanghai - Beijing - Guilin constitute the overall framework of the Bi sea inbound foreign tourism flow. Foreign tourism flow range from the entry of Guangzhou minimum, formed in Guangzhou, Hongkong. Guilin, Shanghai, Beijing as the core, the Pan Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta region agglomeration and diffusion region spatial distribution pattern.
(2) from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou three ports of entry of foreign tourism flow diffusion intensity in space uneven distribution between city nodes, "Feng" and "hypsotaxis" is the main characteristic of the spatial diffusion. From Beijing and Shanghai inbound foreign tourist flow in the destination city to have the the flow in accordance with the "28 law", namely the 80% directed flow occurs in nearly 20% of the city of Guangzhou. From the entry of foreign tourists in the destination city between the directed flow mainly occurred in between to a high frequency city.
(3) Beijing and Guangzhou inbound foreign tourist flow network as the core of the typical internal edge network, network core node and edge node much less, the overall network density and low concentration trend obvious. Shanghai inbound foreign tourist flow network does not constitute the core of the edge of the network. There are obvious strong factions of the three ports inbound foreign tourist flow network. These strong faction member of cross is remarkable, the number of regional internal faction members span, fewer members faction characteristics within the region are concentrated. The three major ports are some of the more stable the destination group: Beijing - Shanghai, Beijing - Xi'an and Shanghai - Guilin is an ideal combination of Beijing inbound foreign tourist flow network in tourism destination; Beijing - Guilin is a combination of an ideal destination for Shanghai inbound foreign tourist flow network; Guangzhou - Guilin is Guangzhou inbound foreign tourism The ideal combination of tourist destinations in the flow network.
(4) three port network of inbound foreign tourist flow has obvious hierarchical structure, the higher the level of the node, the node number less. Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou are the core nodes in tourist flow network, Guangzhou in Beijing, Shanghai port two inbound foreign tourism flow network in the lower position Beijing, Shanghai, Guilin and Xi'an 4 city of inbound tourism flow three port distribution and transfer ability are strong, the 4 city is an important center of inbound tourism flows in Beijing distribution and transit center. Within the city of Shanghai as the core of the Yangtze River Delta region and in Guangzhou as the core of the Pearl River Delta region respectively. From Shanghai and foreign tourism flow distribution and transfer from Guangzhou entry plays an important role.
The innovation of this study:
(1) a comparative study was made for the first time to compare the geographical distribution network and network topology of foreign tourist flows into three major ports.
(2) the study found that the entry network of foreign tourists in Beijing and Shanghai is a typical core periphery network. The flow of foreign tourist flows from Beijing to Shanghai is consistent with the 28 law.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F592.99

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