【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展,我國(guó)的教育也逐步改革,科學(xué)素質(zhì)的培養(yǎng)逐漸站到教育的頂端。各種教育形式也紛紛興起。無(wú)論是正規(guī)教育還是非正規(guī)教育都得到了國(guó)家的重視。現(xiàn)代小學(xué)科學(xué)教育以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的科學(xué)素養(yǎng)為宗旨,科學(xué)素養(yǎng)關(guān)注科學(xué)知識(shí)、科學(xué)探究、情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀三個(gè)領(lǐng)域。科學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)要以探究為核心,探究活動(dòng)的啟動(dòng)應(yīng)以激發(fā)孩子的科學(xué)興趣為前提。在實(shí)際的教學(xué)過(guò)程中要注重保持和發(fā)展學(xué)生對(duì)周?chē)澜绲暮闷嫘呐c求知欲,從而促使他們形成大膽想象、尊重證據(jù)、敢于創(chuàng)新的科學(xué)態(tài)度�？萍拣^是我國(guó)進(jìn)行科普教育的重要陣地,它擁有健全的科普設(shè)施和良好的科技氛圍,在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的科學(xué)素養(yǎng)方面能起到相當(dāng)大的作用。但是,目前基于科技館小學(xué)科學(xué)教學(xué)探究活動(dòng)的開(kāi)展還不是太多,許多問(wèn)題還需進(jìn)一步探討。因此,我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)出“‘小機(jī)械大本領(lǐng)’科學(xué)教育活動(dòng)”方案,希望通過(guò)對(duì)此方案的實(shí)施與思考,能夠?yàn)榭萍拣^開(kāi)展館校合作的科學(xué)教育活動(dòng)提供借鑒。本研究從以下幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行研究:首先是緒論部分,本研究從研究背景、研究意義、研究方法進(jìn)行分析,提出研究課題。第二部分研究相關(guān)教育發(fā)展情況,分析了國(guó)內(nèi)外科技館教育的研究進(jìn)程,國(guó)內(nèi)外小學(xué)科學(xué)教育研究進(jìn)程,闡明了科學(xué)教育的興起與近代科學(xué)教育的發(fā)展。第三部分闡述本研究是以建構(gòu)主義理論、STEM教育理論、腦科學(xué)理論為支撐。第四部分從小學(xué)科學(xué)教育與科技館科普教育特征進(jìn)行分析,總結(jié)出小學(xué)科學(xué)教育存在教師兼職化嚴(yán)重、教學(xué)資源不足、教學(xué)形式與教學(xué)方法相對(duì)單一、重任務(wù)輕創(chuàng)造的不足。科技館教育存在科技館教育對(duì)象大眾化,科技館教育專(zhuān)業(yè)人員匱乏、科技館教育形式陳舊、科普教育理念缺乏創(chuàng)新的問(wèn)題,并且科技館大眾化的教育方式與學(xué)校教育。并就目前館校合作趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行了分析,科技館教育與學(xué)校教育的結(jié)合方式還比較單一,主要是學(xué)生利用課外時(shí)間集體參觀科技館,把科技館作為課外知識(shí)拓展的一個(gè)途徑。第五部分首先從研究?jī)?nèi)容的理性基礎(chǔ),活動(dòng)內(nèi)容選擇,活動(dòng)原則與活動(dòng)模式選擇進(jìn)行闡述,最后設(shè)計(jì)出以“小機(jī)械大本領(lǐng)”為主題的科普教育活動(dòng),其包括五個(gè)過(guò)程:頭腦風(fēng)暴引入活動(dòng)、趣味視頻展示應(yīng)用、競(jìng)技活動(dòng)體驗(yàn)操作、參觀實(shí)踐拓展視野、動(dòng)手制作總結(jié)評(píng)估。通過(guò)具體實(shí)施,筆者總結(jié)其不足,又進(jìn)行了第二次修改,主要是針對(duì)時(shí)間問(wèn)題,環(huán)節(jié)銜接問(wèn)題做出調(diào)整。最后一部分,針對(duì)本研究做出總結(jié)與期望。由于本研究存在一定的困難,研究不夠充分,還希望其他研究者能夠進(jìn)一步研究。
[Abstract]:With the development of society, the education of our country has been reformed step by step, and the cultivation of scientific quality has gradually stood at the top of education. Various forms of education also sprang up. Both formal and non-formal education have received national attention. The aim of modern primary school science education is to cultivate students' scientific literacy, which focuses on three fields: scientific knowledge, scientific inquiry, emotional attitude and values. Inquiry should be the core of scientific learning, and the starting of inquiry should be based on arousing children's interest in science. In the actual teaching process, we should pay attention to maintaining and developing students' curiosity and desire for knowledge about the world around them, so as to urge them to form a bold imagination, respect evidence, and dare to innovate in a scientific attitude. The Science and Technology Museum is an important position for popularizing science education in our country. It has a sound science popularization facilities and a good scientific and technological atmosphere, which can play a significant role in cultivating students' scientific literacy. However, there are not too many scientific teaching activities in primary schools based on Science and Technology Museum at present, and many problems need to be further explored. Therefore, we have designed the program of "small mechanical and large ability" science education activity, and hope that through the implementation and thinking of this scheme, we can provide reference for science education activities of science and technology museum to carry out the cooperation between library and school. This research is carried out from the following aspects: first, the introduction part, this research from the research background, research significance, research methods to analyze, put forward the research topic. The second part studies the development of relevant education, analyzes the research process of science and technology museum education at home and abroad, and expounds the rise of science education and the development of science education in modern times. The third part expounds that this research is supported by constructivism theory, STEM educational theory and brain science theory. The fourth part analyzes the characteristics of science education in science education and science museum from childhood, and concludes that science education in primary school has the disadvantages of serious part-time teachers, insufficient teaching resources, single teaching form and teaching method, and less emphasis on task and creation. There are some problems in science and technology museum education, such as the popularization of science and technology museum, the shortage of professional personnel, the old form of science and technology museum education, the lack of innovation of science popularization education idea, and the popularization of science and technology museum education mode and school education. This paper also analyzes the trend of cooperation between science and technology museum and school. The combination of science and technology museum education and school education is relatively simple. It is mainly that students use extracurricular time to visit science and technology museum collectively, and take science and technology museum as a way to expand their extracurricular knowledge. The fifth part expounds the rational foundation of the research content, the choice of the activity content, the principle of the activity and the choice of the activity mode, and finally designs the popular science education activity with the theme of "small mechanical ability". It includes five processes: brainstorming introduction activities, interesting video display applications, experience operation of competitive activities, visits to expand the horizons of practice, hands-on summary and evaluation. Through the concrete implementation, the author summarizes its insufficiency, and carries on the second revision, mainly according to the time question, the link connection question makes the adjustment. The last part is the conclusion and expectation of this research. Due to some difficulties and insufficient research, other researchers are expected to study further.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G315;G623.6

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