發(fā)布時間：2018-07-25 08:37

【摘要】：近年來,隨著國民經濟的快速發(fā)展,現(xiàn)代物流運輸行業(yè)技術水平取得了較大幅度的提升,其在商業(yè)競爭中的影響力日漸凸現(xiàn)。其中,乘用車運輸模式在提高路面占用率、降低能耗等方面表現(xiàn)良好并帶來了較高的經濟效益。而商用車底盤運輸車作為新型特種運輸車也在向此方向逐步轉型。因此,如何實現(xiàn)一款安全性、可靠性及機構性能穩(wěn)定、抗壓的高性能半掛運輸車成為了當前業(yè)內的研究重點。本課題依托實際工程項目,對某商用運輸半掛車的前舉升機構進行設計,將半掛車的鵝頸處設計成一種可以旋轉的舉升機構,利用改變旋轉舉升板的角度使舉升板與水平地面的夾角小于車輛的離去角以保證裝載車輛后半掛運輸車不超高。首先,分析比較了國內外此類運輸車的結構型式特點,運用UG軟件對旋轉舉升機構進行三維建模,其結構主要由鵝頸、主車架、旋轉舉升板、液壓缸-鋼絲繩聯(lián)動牽引裝置等組成,根據實際需求確定機構處于不同作業(yè)工況時的運動狀態(tài);其次,運用Hypermesh軟件完成機構三維模型的有限元前處理工作,確定需要進行有限元分析的數(shù)學模型,通過Nastran求解器對模型進行求解和分析計算,得到機構在裝載和行車兩種運動狀態(tài)下的應力和位移的分布云圖,對分析結果進行靜力學分析,并確保舉升機構能夠滿足設計標準;然后,對舉升機構進行模態(tài)分析,獲得機構前六階固有頻率及振型特征,其結果表明機構不會產生共振,為舉升機構的動力學研究奠定了基礎;接下來,為提高旋轉式舉升機構的工作穩(wěn)定性及可靠性,以及改善旋轉式舉升機構的力學狀態(tài),論文以減小油缸力為優(yōu)化目標,利用Matlab軟件對機構進行仿真模擬優(yōu)化,得出優(yōu)化點與優(yōu)化目標的關系曲線,分析并選出最佳方案,優(yōu)化后的油缸力與初始值相比下降了8.92%;最后,通過對原理樣車進行改裝、試驗,得到了設計機構具有可行性的結論。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of national economy, the technical level of modern logistics and transportation industry has been greatly improved, and its influence in commercial competition has become increasingly prominent. Among them, the passenger car transportation mode has good performance in improving the road surface occupancy rate and reducing energy consumption, and has brought higher economic benefits. As a new type of special transport vehicle, commercial chassis transport vehicle is gradually transforming in this direction. Therefore, how to achieve a safety, reliability, mechanism performance stability, pressure resistance high performance semi-trailer has become the focus of the industry. This subject relies on the actual project, designs the front lift mechanism of a commercial transportation semi-trailer, and designs the goose neck of the semi-trailer into a kind of lifting mechanism that can rotate. By changing the angle of the rotary lifting plate, the angle between the lifting plate and the horizontal ground is smaller than the departure angle of the vehicle, so as to ensure that the semi-hanging transport vehicle after loading the vehicle is not super high. Firstly, this paper analyzes and compares the structural characteristics of this kind of transport vehicle at home and abroad, and uses UG software to model the rotating lifting mechanism. The structure is mainly composed of goose neck, main frame, rotating lifting plate, etc. The hydraulic cylinder and wire rope linkage traction device is used to determine the movement state of the mechanism under different working conditions according to the actual requirements. Secondly, the finite element preprocessing of the three-dimensional model of the mechanism is completed by using Hypermesh software. The mathematical model which needs finite element analysis is determined, and the model is solved and analyzed by Nastran solver, and the distribution of stress and displacement of the mechanism in loading and driving state is obtained. The static analysis of the analysis results is carried out to ensure that the lifting mechanism can meet the design criteria. Then, the modal analysis of the lifting mechanism is carried out to obtain the first six natural frequencies and the modal characteristics of the mechanism. The results show that the mechanism does not produce resonance. In order to improve the working stability and reliability of the rotary lift mechanism and improve the mechanical state of the rotary lift mechanism, the paper takes reducing the cylinder force as the optimization goal. By using Matlab software to simulate and optimize the mechanism, the relationship curve between the optimization point and the optimization objective is obtained, and the best scheme is analyzed and selected. The optimized cylinder force is reduced by 8.92% compared with the initial value. The conclusion that the design mechanism is feasible is obtained from the test.
【學位授予單位】：北京建筑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U469.53

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本文編號：2143245