發(fā)布時間：2020-12-03 09:23

　　美國有一種獨特的死刑文化，這使她與其它西方發(fā)達(dá)工業(yè)國家有所不同，美國是二十一世紀(jì)西方發(fā)達(dá)工業(yè)國家中唯一的還擁有死刑制度的國家；在美國，只要不違背特定的聯(lián)邦相關(guān)法律，每個州都有權(quán)自己決定刑罰制度，包括其死刑制度。但是，死刑這一殖民統(tǒng)治時期從英國殖民統(tǒng)治者那兒順承下來的傳統(tǒng)，不僅對美國國內(nèi)社會文化環(huán)境和國際交往帶來不良影響，還會威脅到美國人為之自豪的民主制度。死刑到底應(yīng)該保留還是廢除，在美國國內(nèi)有激烈的爭論。為什么死刑存廢在美國國內(nèi)引起如此激烈的爭論?而一個無可辯駁的事實是美國的死刑制度一直延續(xù)到了今天，但是另一個明顯的跡象就是進(jìn)入二十一世紀(jì)以來，美國民眾對死刑制度的支持率正在降低，美國的死刑使用在逐步地減少。這使人們不禁要問，為什么死刑制度可以長時期在美國存在?哪些因素導(dǎo)致了美國的死刑制度陷于困境?美國的死刑制度在未來將會如何發(fā)展?本篇論文從美國文化和社會的角度分析了美國的死刑問題，并對以上一些問題做出了解答。 論文分為八章。 第一章 美國死刑情況概述。該章對美國的死刑情況做出了總體的描繪，描述了美國死刑制度的現(xiàn)狀并且分析了它的成因。 第二章 美國死刑的歷史和演變。該章... 

【文章來源】：華東師范大學(xué)上海市 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：61 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
ACKNOWLEDEMENTS
ABSTRACT
CHINESE ABSTRACT
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
Chapter One: An Overview of the U.S. Death Penalty Status
    Ⅰ. The Uniqueness of the Present U.S. Death Penalty Status
        1. The Fluctuations of Death Row Population
        2. The Fluctuations of the Number of Executions
        3. Changes in Ratios between Executions and Death Row Population
    Ⅱ. The Cause for Such Uniqueness of the Present Status
Chapter Two: The History and Evolution of the U.S. Death Penalty
    Ⅰ. A Brief History of the U.S. Death Penalty
        1. Colonial America to the 1780s
        2. 1789 to the Late 1950s
        3. 1960s to Present
    Ⅱ. The Evolution of the U.S. Death Penalty
        1. Reducing the Variety of Capital Statutes
        2. Ensuring Fairness and Rationality of the Death Sentences
        3. Humanizing the Methods of Execution
        4. Ending Public Executions
Chapter Three: The Long-standing U.S. Death Penalty
    Ⅰ. The Influence of the Federal System
    Ⅱ. The Legacies of the Vigilante Tradition
Chapter Four: Factors Weakening the U.S. Death Penalty as a Criminal Punishment
    Ⅰ. The Judicial Justice Factor
        1. The Arbitrariness of the U.S. Death Penalty
            1.1 Racial Discrimination
            1.2 Gender Bias
            1.3 Geography Disparities
        2.The Increasing Danger of Executing the Innocent of the U.S.Death Penalty
    Ⅱ.The Efficiency Factor
        1.The High Financial Costs of the U.S.Death Penalty
        2.No Efficient Deterrence Value of the U.S.Death Penalty
        3.The Replaceable Retribution Function of the U.S.Death Penalty
    Ⅲ.The Social Factor
        1.Damage to Democratic Political Institutions of the U.S.Death Penalty
        2.Damage to American Culture of the U.S.Death Penalty
Chapter Five：American Attitudes towards the Death Penalty
    Ⅰ.The Uncertainty of the American Public Support for the Death Penalty
    Ⅱ.American Public Peculiar Attitudes towards the Death Penalty
        1.The Mixed Feelings about the Death Penalty of the American Public
        2.The Conflict of Due Process Tradition and Vigilant Tradition
    Ⅲ.The Change in American Public Attitude towards the Death Penalty
        1.More Americans Preferring an Alternative to Executions When Given an Option
        2.Reasons for the Shift of the Attitude
Chapter Six：International Influence on the U.S.Death Penalty
    Ⅰ.International Influence in the Past
    Ⅱ.Broader Intersection of Foreign and U.S.Interests
    Ⅲ.Future Impact of International Influence on the U.S.Death Penalty
Chapter Seven：The Future Trend of the U.S.Death Penalty
    Ⅰ.The Contradictory 1990s
        1.The Contradictory 1990s
        2.The Influence of the 1990s
    Ⅱ.The Beginning of the End of Executions
        1.A Moratorium Strategy
        2.Important Decisions of the U.S.Supreme Court
    Ⅲ.The End of Executions in the End
Chapter Eight：Conclusion
Bibliography


【參考文獻(xiàn)】：
碩士論文
[1]死刑存廢問題研究[D]. 譚明星.河南師范大學(xué) 2015



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