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  本文選題：《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》(第6版)新增名詞 + 邏輯理據(jù)��； 參考：《湖南理工學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》(第6版)的新增名詞為語料,對其造詞理據(jù)進行定量統(tǒng)計和定性分析,并歸納總結(jié)其特點。文章共分為六章。第一章:緒論。介紹研究意義、研究現(xiàn)狀、研究設(shè)計。第二章:造詞是一種邏輯思維活動,新增名詞造詞也遵循了一定的邏輯規(guī)律。新增名詞內(nèi)部詞素與詞素之間的邏輯關(guān)系主要體現(xiàn)在九個方面:同一關(guān)系、同位關(guān)系、對立關(guān)系、從屬關(guān)系、支配關(guān)系、判斷關(guān)系、限定關(guān)系、重合關(guān)系、說明關(guān)系。第三章:造詞是一種語言活動,造詞的材料、方式、手段等都與語言的語音、語法、語義等密不可分。語音是語言的物質(zhì)存在形式,也是人類最原始的一種造詞方法,新增名詞中有45條是通過摹聲和諧音這兩種語音的方式產(chǎn)生的。語法是語言的組織法則,合成詞的構(gòu)詞受到語法規(guī)律的制約。新增名詞的構(gòu)詞詞素有單純詞素,也有合成詞素。新增名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)層次,雙音節(jié)中1+1式占絕對優(yōu)勢,三音節(jié)中以2+1式為主,四音節(jié)中以2+2式為主。結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系有復(fù)合式、附加式、重疊式,其中以定中復(fù)合式為主。語義是詞的內(nèi)容,語義的作用在于給詞所聯(lián)系的事物確定一個合適的范疇。新增名詞大多為“X+名詞素”式,名詞素一般規(guī)定了新增名詞的屬范疇,再通過X限定到類范疇。從語義角度看,新增名詞的最小語義單位有類屬元、功能元、成分元、形狀元、顏色元、處所元、方式元、時間元、數(shù)目元、領(lǐng)有者元、性質(zhì)元、行為元等。第四章:修辭是加強語言表達效果的一種手段。人們在造詞時也會自覺地運用各種修辭手法,使詞義更加鮮明,表達更加生動形象。新增名詞主要運用了比喻、借代、夸張、婉言、簡縮、拆字、轉(zhuǎn)類等修辭方式造詞。第五章:文化與詞匯的關(guān)系密切,民族文化會在語言詞匯中直接或間接地有所反映。宗教文化、顏色文化、禁忌文化、圖騰文化等在部分新增名詞中有所體現(xiàn)。第六章:結(jié)論。通過對新增名詞進行封閉式的分析,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)新增名詞造詞理據(jù)具有以下幾個方面的特點。(1)新增名詞的產(chǎn)生體現(xiàn)語言的理據(jù)性而非任意性。(2)新增名詞的造詞方式多樣化。(3)新增名詞的內(nèi)部理據(jù)是不平衡的。(4)新增名詞的造詞基礎(chǔ)是名詞素。(5)從邏輯上來說,新增名詞的主要造詞方法是限定關(guān)式。從語法結(jié)構(gòu)上來說,新增名詞的主要造詞方法是偏正式。(6)新增名詞同族詞語的理據(jù)具有差異性,個體名詞的理據(jù)具有多重性。
[Abstract]:This article uses the new nouns of the modern Chinese Dictionary (Sixth Edition) as the corpus to make a quantitative statistics and qualitative analysis of the motivation of the word making, and sum up its characteristics. The article is divided into six chapters. Chapter 1: introduction. The introduction. Introduces the significance of the study, the research status, the research and design. The second chapter is a logical thinking activity, and the new nouns are also followed. The logical relationship between the internal morphemes and morphemes of the new nouns is mainly embodied in nine aspects: the same relationship, the same relationship, the opposite relationship, the subordinate relationship, the dominant relation, the relation of judgment, the relation, the relation and the relation. The third chapter is a language activity, the material, mode, means and so on. Phonetics, grammar, and semantics are inseparable. Pronunciation is the material existence form of language, and it is also the most primitive method of making words for human beings. 45 of the new nouns are produced by copying the two kinds of phonetic sounds. Grammar is the organization rule of language, the word formation of the synthetic words is restricted by the grammatical rules. New nouns are added. Word morphemes have simple morphemes and synthetic morphemes. The structure level of the new nouns, the 1+1 form of the double syllable is absolute superiority, the three syllables are mainly 2+1, and the four syllables are mainly 2+2. The structure relationship is compound, additional and overlapping, which is mainly composed of the fixed medium. The semantic is the content of the word, the semantic function is related to the word. The newly added nouns are mostly "X+ nouns", which generally specify the category of new nouns and then by X to class categories. From the semantic point of view, the smallest semantic units of the new nouns include class genera, function element, component element, shape element, color element, element, mode, time, and number. The fourth chapter: rhetoric is a means to strengthen the effect of language expression. People will use various rhetorical devices consciously to make the words more vivid and vivid. New nouns mainly use metaphor, borrowing, exaggeration, euphemism, contraction, dismantling, and conversion. The fifth chapter: the relationship between culture and vocabulary is close, the national culture will reflect directly or indirectly in the language vocabulary. Religious culture, color culture, taboo culture, totem culture, etc. are reflected in some new nouns. The sixth chapter: conclusion. Through the closed analysis of the new nouns, we find new noun making arguments Features of the following aspects. (1) the creation of new nouns embodies the motivation of the language rather than arbitrariness. (2) the creation of new nouns is diversified. (3) the internal motivation of the new nouns is not balanced. (4) the basis of the new nouns is noun. (5) the main word making method of new nouns is the limit type. From the grammatical structure, the main word making method of the new nouns is formal. (6) the motivation of the new nouns is different, and the motivation of the individual nouns is multiplicity.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南理工學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H146.1

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