發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-10 13:36

  本文選題：中古譯經(jīng)　切入點(diǎn)：完成動(dòng)詞　出處：《北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法史的研究中,現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)體貌標(biāo)記的來(lái)源、發(fā)展與演變機(jī)制一直是學(xué)術(shù)界關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。隨著近年來(lái)體貌系統(tǒng)研究的深入,許多學(xué)者已經(jīng)將副詞、語(yǔ)氣詞、完成動(dòng)詞都納入到完成體的考察研究范圍內(nèi)。由于完成體副詞、完成體語(yǔ)氣詞都是由完成動(dòng)詞最終虛化而來(lái),因此想要準(zhǔn)確把握現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)完成體標(biāo)記的來(lái)源,就必須弄清楚整個(gè)中古時(shí)期完成動(dòng)詞的使用情況。由于漢譯佛經(jīng)保留了大量的口語(yǔ)成分,所以本文以中古譯經(jīng)作為研究語(yǔ)料,在語(yǔ)言接觸的視角下,對(duì)完成動(dòng)詞"畢""竟""訖""已"在中古譯經(jīng)中所處的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境進(jìn)行窮盡式的統(tǒng)計(jì),并采用情狀類型理論、語(yǔ)法化理論等現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)理論,從句法、語(yǔ)義等多方面對(duì)其所處句式進(jìn)行闡釋。本論文圍繞完成動(dòng)詞"畢" "竟" "訖" "已"在中古譯經(jīng)中的使用頻率、語(yǔ)法功能與性質(zhì)、發(fā)展與演變機(jī)制等核心議題,最終得出以下結(jié)論:首先,在使用頻率方面,從共時(shí)角度來(lái)看,"已"的出現(xiàn)頻率占絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì),其次是"畢","竟"和"訖"的出現(xiàn)頻率較低;從歷時(shí)角度來(lái)看,"已"的使用頻次從東漢、魏晉南北朝到隋唐不斷增加,而"畢" "竟" "訖"則逐漸減少,到隋唐時(shí)期,幾乎退出了歷史舞臺(tái)。其次,在語(yǔ)法功能與性質(zhì)方面,中古譯經(jīng)的完成動(dòng)詞,除了"畢"只具有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法功能外,"竟""訖""已"都由謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞向動(dòng)相補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的方向發(fā)展。而且雖然它們都處于"V+畢/竟/訖/己"的這一結(jié)構(gòu)形式中,但是它們處于語(yǔ)法化過(guò)程中的不同階段,"已"的虛化程度最高,"竟"和"訖"處于語(yǔ)法化的中間階段,"畢"語(yǔ)法化程度最低。從完成動(dòng)詞"畢""竟""訖""已"在中古時(shí)期的發(fā)展與演變情況來(lái)看,在演變動(dòng)因方面,我們得出不同語(yǔ)言之間的接觸雖然對(duì)漢語(yǔ)的發(fā)展起到了重要的推動(dòng)作用,但這也是次要的力量,真正起主導(dǎo)作用的力量還是漢語(yǔ)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部自身的發(fā)展。而且重新分析和類推是其主要的演變機(jī)制。此外,我們還對(duì)同經(jīng)異譯本進(jìn)行了比較分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)完成動(dòng)詞在使用頻率上的差異還與譯者的母語(yǔ)和翻譯風(fēng)格有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:In the study of the history of Chinese grammar, the origin, development and evolution mechanism of modern Chinese body appearance markers have been the focus of academic circles. Since the perfect aspect adverbs are all formed by the final vacuity of the perfect verbs, they want to accurately grasp the origin of the perfect aspect markers in modern Chinese. It is necessary to understand the use of the completed verbs throughout the Middle Ancient period. Since the Buddhist scriptures in Chinese have retained a large number of spoken language elements, this paper uses the Medieval Translation Sutra as the research corpus, from the perspective of language contact. This paper makes exhaustive statistics on the linguistic environment in which the completed verb "Bi" and "Ji" have been in, and adopts modern linguistic theories, such as situation type theory, grammaticalization theory, and so on, from the syntactic point of view. This thesis focuses on the use frequency, grammatical function and nature, development and evolution mechanism of the verb "Bi", "Ji" and "already" in the Medieval Classics. Finally, the following conclusions are drawn: first, from the synchronic point of view, the frequency of "already" is the absolute dominant, and the second is "Bi", "Jing" and "Ji" the frequency of occurrence is relatively low; From a diachronic point of view, the frequency of the use of "already" increased from the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties to the Sui and Tang dynasties, while the "Bi" "unexpectedly" "Ji" gradually decreased, and by the Sui and Tang dynasties, it almost withdrew from the historical stage. Secondly, In terms of grammatical function and nature, the completed verbs of the Middle Classics, Except that "Bi" has only the grammatical function of predicate verbs, "Jing" "Ji" and "already" develop from predicate verbs to verb complements. But they are in different stages of grammaticalization, the degree of "already" is the highest, "Jing" and "Ji" are in the middle stage of grammaticalization, and "Bi" is the lowest. From the point of view of the development and evolution of the Middle Ancient period, In terms of the causes of evolution, we draw the conclusion that although the contact between different languages has played an important role in promoting the development of Chinese, it is also a secondary force. The real dominant force is the development of the Chinese system itself, and reanalysis and analogy are its main evolution mechanisms. In addition, we also make a comparative analysis of the different versions of the same classics. It is also found that the differences in the frequency of use of the completed verbs are related to the translator's mother tongue and translation style.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H141

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 劉金虹;;漢語(yǔ)單語(yǔ)素完結(jié)體動(dòng)詞的完結(jié)義[J];紹興文理學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué));2015年03期

2 邵天松;;從語(yǔ)言接觸看《法顯傳》中“V+(O)+已”句式[J];語(yǔ)言研究;2014年02期

3 帥志嵩;;中古漢語(yǔ)“完成”語(yǔ)義的表現(xiàn)形式[J];北京廣播電視大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2008年01期

4 周小婕;;《百喻經(jīng)》中表完成的標(biāo)記系統(tǒng)[J];株洲師范高等�？茖W(xué)校學(xué)報(bào);2007年01期

5 龍國(guó)富;;漢語(yǔ)完成貌句式和佛經(jīng)翻譯[J];民族語(yǔ)文;2007年01期

6 吳福祥;;漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法化研究的當(dāng)前課題[J];語(yǔ)言科學(xué);2005年02期

7 吳福祥;近年來(lái)語(yǔ)法化研究的進(jìn)展[J];外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究;2004年01期

8 易立;關(guān)于魏晉南北朝時(shí)期完成動(dòng)詞“已”的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題[J];湛江師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2003年05期

9 龍國(guó)富;《阿含經(jīng)》“V+(O)+CV”格式中的“已”[J];云夢(mèng)學(xué)刊;2002年01期

10 蔣紹愚;《世說(shuō)新語(yǔ)》、《齊民要術(shù)》、《洛陽(yáng)伽藍(lán)記》、 《賢愚經(jīng)》、《百喻經(jīng)》中的“已”、 “竟”、“訖”、“畢”[J];語(yǔ)言研究;2001年01期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 張慶冰;《祖堂集》完成體動(dòng)詞辨析[D];山東大學(xué);2011年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 王爍;與完結(jié)動(dòng)詞具有相關(guān)性的四類語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)詞的歷時(shí)演變[D];清華大學(xué);2015年

2 裴瑞玲;《搜神記》完成體研究[D];山西大學(xué);2004年

3 唐娟華;山東方言動(dòng)詞的完成體[D];北京語(yǔ)言大學(xué);2004年

，

本文編號(hào)：1593573