科研項(xiàng)目的開(kāi)展是優(yōu)質(zhì)學(xué)術(shù)工作的重要內(nèi)容。研究項(xiàng)目幫助學(xué)生獲得他們的學(xué)科的深入了解，找出自己的長(zhǎng)處和短處，，學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)會(huì)優(yōu)化自己的長(zhǎng)處和他們的弱點(diǎn)處理。這樣的項(xiàng)目還可以幫助學(xué)生培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立的研究技能和掌握寫的能力。學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)尋找主題的具體信息，然后用這些知識(shí)賺錢。研究項(xiàng)目還幫助學(xué)生提高自己的時(shí)間管理能力和組織工作。
本文論述了在售后服務(wù)問(wèn)題上開(kāi)展社會(huì)研究項(xiàng)目的各種要素。售后服務(wù)，正成為現(xiàn)代組織日常經(jīng)營(yíng)中日益重要的組成部分。售后服務(wù)質(zhì)量在客戶關(guān)系管理、客戶維系、吸引新客戶、增強(qiáng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)等方面發(fā)揮著極其重要的作用。大多數(shù)的商業(yè)公司已經(jīng)實(shí)施了有步驟的流程，以提供售后服務(wù)，以及衡量其成功改善客戶滿意度。

The conduct of research projects is an important element of quality academic work. Research projects help students to obtain in-depth knowledge of their subjects, identify their academic strengths and weaknesses and learn to optimise their strengths and deal with their weaknesses (Babbie, 2007, p 16). Such projects also help students to develop independent research skills and master the ability to write well. Students learn to search for specific information on their topics and to thereafter gainfully use such knowledge. Research projects also help students in improving their time management skills and organisation of work (Babbie, 2007, p 16).

This assignment deals with various elements of conducting a social research project on the issue of After Sales Service. After Sales Service, is becoming an increasingly and important component of the routine operations of modern day organisations. The quality of After Sales Service plays an extremely important role in customer relations management, customer retention, attraction of new customers and enhancement of competitive advantage. The majority of business corporations have already implemented methodical processes for the provisioning of After Sales Service, as well as for gauging its success in improvement of customer satisfaction.

This study deals with the conduct of a social research project in the area of After Sales Service. It deals with various elements of conducting a social research project and the ways in which its various elements can be used and adapted for a project in the area of After Sales Service. The essay is structured sequentially into various sections that deal with different elements of conducting a social research project. Whilst the essay deals with different theoretical and practical aspects of social research, care has been taken to discuss the ways in which these different aspects of social research are relevant to the specific topic of After Sales Service.

2. Purpose of Social Research
Social research serves a number of useful purposes. Three of such important purposes concern exploration, description and explanation (Babbie, 2007, p 20). Much of social research is carried out to explore a specific topic, or rather to enhance the familiarisation of the researcher with such a topic. Exploratory objectives come about when researchers examine new interests or when the topic of study is relatively new. Such studies are particularly suitable for persistent phenomena like, for example, unhappiness with the graduation requirements of a college and the desire to change them (Babbie, 2007, p 20). Exploratory studies are mostly done for three important reasons, namely (a) satisfaction of curiosity of researchers and desire for better understanding, (b) testing the feasibility of conducting more extensive studies, and (c) development of methods for use in subsequent studies. Exploratory studies are valuable, especially when new ground is being broken, but seldom provide adequate answers to research questions (Babbie, 2007, p 20).

Social research secondly aims to describe events and situations through appropriate research processes, wherein researchers first observe and then describe what was observed. Many qualitative studies are primarily descriptive, even though they are seldom constrained by merely descriptive purposes (Denscombe, 2002, p 24).

Social research also aims to explain things. Descriptive studies, in particular attempt to provide answers to questions, that relate to what, where, when and how. Research ultimately reduces to the issue of finding out various types of information and data for the answering of specific questions designed by researchers for validating specific hypothesis. It constantly adds to the vast body of existing explicit information and helps users by enlarging their knowledge or by answering their queries, doubts and concerns (Denscombe, 2002, p 24).

With respect to the issue of After Sales Service, the subject is comparatively new and can be tackled in different ways. Whilst the researcher will have to specifically engage in exploratory and descriptive activities, he could also take up issues like the impact of After Sales Service on customer satisfaction and customer retention.

3. Management of Research Project
The management of a research project is a complex and detailed task and needs to be carefully planned and conducted for the achievement of successful outcomes.

Research projects entail the conduct of a number of tasks, some of which are sequential while others often simultaneously. Such projects first and foremost entail the development of a suitable research topic (Hackley, 2003, p 52). This is followed by the obtaining of available information on the topic through the conduct of a review of existing literature on the subject. The review of literature is thereafter followed by an analysis of existing research methods, the finalisation of the research method to be chosen for a specific research project, information search, collection and collation of data, analysis and validation of obtained information and generation of results, conclusions and recommendations for further research (Hackley, 2003, p 52). Each of these tasks is furthermore complex and often needs thought and analysis for achievement of best results. The conduct of research projects frequently needs acquisition and analysis of complex quantitative data with the use of sophisticated statistical and analytical tools (Hackley, 2003, p 52).

With researchers always operating within specific time frames, it is important for them to manage time and resources for timely and successful completion of such projects. Again with research activities likely to be sequential as well as simultaneous, it is often helpful to use simple project management tools like Gantt Charts or MS project to ensure appropriate monitoring of different functions and timely completion of various tasks (Gorard & Taylor, 2004, p 63). It is advisable, whilst preparing such charts, to build in certain buffers that can later be used for crashing some parts of project activities in case of time and activity overruns (Gorard & Taylor, 2004, p 63).

The researcher will have to carefully chart out the total activities required for the project and prepare a simple excel based Gantt chart for monitoring the various processes involved in conducting the complete research process. Care should be taken to ensure availability of all required resources and optimise time management. Research projects are often hampered after their commencement by various operational problems like unavailability of required data or difficulties in obtaining interviews with primary respondents. It is better to provide for some extra time for activities that could involve external agencies and thus be prolonged. The researcher should compensate for these possible delays by setting stiff targets for essentially in house operations that involve the efforts only of the researcher.

Care should also be taken to ensure that the project is scheduled for completion well before its final delivery date. The building in of various time buffers for different activities will help in timely completion of the project.

4. Development of Research Topic and Research problem
The development of an appropriate research topic is an integral and important component of a social research project. It is important for students to carefully think about various issues that interest them in their chosen area of knowledge and study for the development of a research topic that is not just interesting but can also lead to the development of useful social research (Davies, 2007, p 19-22).

The development of a research topic should essentially concern a specific problem localised by the researcher that needs special investigation and analysis. Such an approach will induce a research project with a specific purpose and consequent aims and objectives. Whilst the selection of a specific research topic must essentially be relevant and aim to give the project specific purpose, aims and objectives, the choice of such topics should also take account of some other important factors (Davies, 2007, p 20).

Bailey (1982, p 90), states that selection of research topics and problems are influenced by six factors, namely (a) the sociological paradigm, (b) the values of researchers, (c) the extent of reactivity that is inherent in the methods that are considered to be appropriate for gathering of data, (d) the methodology of the researchers, (e) the chosen unit of analysis and (f) the time factor. Such topics or problems are thus best formulated by (a) identification of broad area of academic interest, (b) dissection of such broad area into different subareas through introspection, (c) selection of subarea, (d) assessment of objectives of research into the selected topic in order to ascertain feasibility of achieving them in light of time and resource constraints.

The researcher should think about the various issues considered in this section for deciding upon a specific topic for the project. The broad topic of After Sales Service can be elaborated and defined in various ways. The researcher could for example explore the importance of After Sales Service in its entirety or its role in specific business sectors like automobiles, personal computers or even cellular phones. Projects could be taken up for assessing the role of After Sales Service introduction and service organisations. The researcher could also take up the project on the impact of After Sales Service on customer satisfaction and retention.

5. Formulation of Research Questions and Hypotheses
The formulation of research questions or research hypothesis is one of the most important steps in the conduct of a research project (Letherby, et al, 2007, p 83). Whilst research questions specify issues that need to be answered from the findings of research, research hypothesis refer to the formulation of specific postulates that require be either supporting or opposing by research findings. It is important to understand that such research questions are formed by researchers by operationalising the aims and objectives of research after obtaining substantial basic knowledge of the topic under study through examination of material available on the subject in the public domain (Letherby, et al, 2007, p 83).

Research questions are essentially of three basic types, descriptive, relational and causal. Descriptive questions are used when research projects are primarily designed to describe what exists or what is going on. The conduct of public opinion polls, for example only seek to describe the proportion of individuals who hold various types of opinions. Such studies are essentially descriptive in nature (Hall, 1999, p 47). Researchers who wish to know the percentage of the population that would vote for labour or conservative in the next UK election are essentially interested in describing something (Hall, 1999, p 47).

Relational questions are used when studies are designed to investigate and analyse relationships between two or even more variables (May, 2001, p 65). Extending the concept of the previous example, the conduct of public opinion polls that compare the proportion of females and males who state their voting preferences in terms of labour or conservative candidates in the next UK elections are fundamentally examining relationships between gender and voting preferences (May, 2001, p 65). Causal questions on the other hand arise when studies are designed to determine whether one or more variables can lead to or affect one or more outcome variables. The conduct of public opinion polls by researchers to determine the impact of advertising campaigns on voter preferences would be addressing the issue of whether such a campaign (i.e. the cause) altered the proportion of voters who would have otherwise voted for labour or for the conservatives (i.e. the effect) (Babbie, 2007, p 42).

The researcher will have to decide upon specific research hypothesis or questions in accordance with the decided research topic and the purpose and aims and objectives of this specific research project. Research questions or hypothesis will thus need to be formulated with care and thought in order to ensure their relevance and their genesis from the aims and objectives of research.

6. Conduct of Literature Review
The literature review comprises of the investigation of information available in the public domain for the conduct of a research project. It constitutes an assessment of the existing state of knowledge and its critical summary in the area under investigation (Bryman & Bell, 2003, 22 to 25).

A literature review primarily aims to provide readers with an up to date account and a discussion of the research findings in a specific area or a particular topic. The knowledge of research conducted by others also helps researchers in obtaining a broader understanding of their own topic as well as the various methods used by other researchers during the course of their investigation (Bryman & Bell, 2003, 22 to 25). Information obtained during literature reviews helps researchers to locate and understand conflicting and contradictory points of view of different researchers and experts. Such conflicting perceptions and arguments could indicate the existence of divergence of theories within the area under study (Bryman & Bell, 2003, 22 to 25). Awareness of such conflicting theories and their supporting arguments helps researchers to obtain a holistic perspective of the topic under study and to understand the value of different theories and perspectives.

The literature review also provides evidence that researchers have read substantial literature on the topic, understood it properly and are able to summarise it coherently (Bryman & Bell, 2003, 22 to 25). The conduct of literature reviews consists of determining the material to be read, practically finding such material, reading the accessed material, understanding its content and summarising it with care to arrive at a holistic and balanced point of view (Bryman & Bell, 2003, 22 to 25).

The researcher can obtain his or her reading material on the issue of After Sales Service from university and public libraries. The internet has in recent times become a vast repository of research information. Such information however has to be chosen carefully and only after ascertaining its quality, veracity and validity. It is a good idea to use specific databases like Emerald, JStor and Questia, which stock the material of well known experts. The Internet also has paid websites of famous libraries like those of Harvard, Oxford and Cambridge. Accessing these libraries through short subscriptions enables researchers to tap enormous amounts of information at nominal costs.

7. Epistemology of Social Research
It is important for researchers engaged in the conduct of a research study to obtain a broad idea on the theory of social research (Sarma, 2004, p 84). Such understanding will help them significantly, not only in the choice of research methods and the conduct of the research assignment, but also in obtaining a holistic perspective of the issue and in approaching the subject with greater maturity. Whilst the theory of social research is a vast area, a few important concepts, namely deductive and inductive thinking and positivist and interpretivist epistemology, are taken up here for discussion (Sarma, 2004, p 84).

Deductive reasoning is informally termed as top down approach and moves from the general to the specific (Thyer, 2001, p 9). Researchers in such circumstances commence by thinking up a theory on the topic of interest and then narrowing such theory into more specific hypothesis that can be tested during the course of research (Thyer, 2001, p 9). Such research entails the collection of observations to address these hypotheses and enables researchers to test hypothesis with particular data in order to confirm or disprove the original theories (Thyer, 2001, p 9).

Inductive reasoning on the other hand grows from specific observations to broader theories and is termed as the bottom up approach (Sarma, 2004, p 84). Researchers, whilst engaging in inductive reasoning, commence with particular observations, make efforts to detect patterns, formulate tentative and primary hypothesis that can be explored and thereafter develop general conclusions and theories. Inductive reasoning is more exploratory and open ended, even as deductive reasoning is narrow and concerned with the confirmation of hypotheses (Sarma, 2004, p 84).

The epistemology or philosophy of social research can essentially be segregated into positivist and interpretivist streams of thought (Babbie, 2007, p 42). The positivist way of thinking is associated with the scientific approach and assumes that the objective of knowledge should be restricted to the description of phenomena that can be experienced, and that research should be regulated by what can be observed and measured.

Science, in a positivist world view, is the best way to arrive at and understand the truth (Babbie, 2007, p 42). The positivist way of thinking assumes that the universe operates by laws of cause and effect and makes use of deductive reasoning to test postulated theories and hypotheses. Positivist researchers follow specific processes and procedures to ensure that observations are accurate, consistent, and verifiable in order to conduct their investigation (Babbie, 2007, p 42).

The interpretivist theory however developed largely as a counterpoint and a criticism of positivism. Whilst interpretivist theorists do not reject the positivist dimension of scientific knowledge, they do question its relevance for the study of societies (Babbie, 2007, p 42). Interpretivism assumes that specific phenomena need to be understood in totality, and that positivism, because it collects and analyses data from parts of the phenomena, can miss many important aspects and thus be inadequate in the achievement of comprehensive understanding of issues (Babbie, 2007, p 42). Interpretivism proposes that societies and people are complex and multilayered and that it is consequently inappropriate to examine and understand them only through measurable data and statistics (Babbie, 2007, p 42).

It is important for the researcher to understand these different theories in order to examine the various possible ways of conducting a research project in After Sales Service and to adopt the most appropriate course of action (Thyer, 2001, p 9).

8. Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis
Social research has for many years witnessed constant debate over the use of quantitative and qualitative methods for obtaining and analysing information (Bryman & Bell, 2003, p 54-55). Quantitative methods arise from positivist epistemologies and are concerned with the measurement of numerical data and their appropriate analysis. Quantitative methods continue to be widely used in social research and are felt to be most applicable when the subjects under study are suitable for numerical observation, quantification, and analysis (Bryman & Bell, 2003, p 54-55). Many opinion polls and marketing surveys are conducted with the use of quantitative methods. They are particularly suitable for political opinion polls and for assessment of mood swings and their impact on voting patterns (Bryman & Bell, 2003, p 54-55).

Whilst quantitative methods continue to be widely used by social researchers, they are found, not just to be inadequate, but also to be inappropriate for the study of research issues that are essentially subjective and incapable of being measured or analysed through numerical quantification and analysis (Davies, 2007, p 139). With much of social phenomena being subjective, multilayered, multidimensional and open to interpretation, quantitative methods of research are felt to be unsuitable for their study and investigation. Qualitative research methods are used to explore attitudes, behaviours and experiences through specific qualitative research methods (Davies, 2007, p 139).

There has been a great amount of discussion and debate on the topic of research methodology and theories of how enquiries should proceed (Shacklock & Smyth, 1998, p 107). Much of such debate has focused on the issue of quantitative v qualitative enquiry, namely which could be more scientific and which could actually be the most appropriate (Shacklock & Smyth, 1998, p 107). Research experts now appear to agree that both these methodologies have their own specific strengths and weaknesses which should be appreciated and addressed by researchers (Shacklock & Smyth, 1998, p 107).

The researcher, whilst deciding upon the best research method for a project on After Sales Service should as such avoid falling into the trap of thinking that one research method is better than the other. In actual fact they are different and are suitable for different types of research (Thyer, 2001, p 11). The researcher must thus carefully consider the research topic, the questions, and the hypothesis, and carefully decide on their appropriate research method (Thyer, 2001, p 11). With both these methods having different approaches to acquisition and analysis of data, it is also advisable to assess their own strengths and weaknesses in order to assess their ability to do justice to the finally adopted research methodology (Thyer, 2001, p 11).

9. Mixed Methods of Research
Most researchers have, until now, used either quantitative or qualitative methods of study in accordance with positivist or interpretivist paradigms (Todd, et al, 2004, p 34). Recent developments in the field of social research however point to the thawing of frosty attitudes between quantitative and qualitative approaches, an appreciation of the strengths and weaknesses of these two methods and their utility for specific types of research, and a willingness to employ both methods in specific research projects (Todd, et al, 2004, p 34).

The employment of both quantitative and qualitative methods is nowadays known as the mixed method of social research (Todd, et al, 2004, p 34). The use of multiple approaches helps researchers to capitalise on the strengths of these approaches and compensate for their weaknesses. Such studies try to bring together research methods from different paradigms (Todd, et al, 2004, p 34).

Mixed methods however have to be applied with care and thought on the suitability of using both methods for the subject under study (Special Issue..., 2008, p 141). It is also important for researchers to decide on the aspects of the study that are best served either by quantitative or by qualitative methods and in deciding upon the sequence of use of these two methods. Mixed method research is becoming increasingly popular and is felt to have an answer to the individual weaknesses of quantitative and qualitative approaches (Special Issue..., 2008, p 141).

The topic of After Sales Service can be very well tackled with the use of both quantitative and qualitative methods. The researcher can adopt a mix of questionnaire based surveys for assessing the reactions of consumers and use specific one to one interviews with senior officials and managers of service departments of specific organisations.

10. Adoption of Research Method
Much of the preceding three sections of this essay have been utilised in dealing with various aspects of research like deductive and inductive reasoning, positivist and interpretivist epistemologies, and finally quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods of research (Newman & Benz, 1998, p 88). Knowledge about these various issues can help researchers in obtaining a more holistic understanding of the topic of research and the various theories and information collected in the course of the literature review (Newman & Benz, 1998, p 88).

Such an understanding is essential for the final determination of the appropriate research method for the conduct of a particular research assignment. Researchers should, after understanding the various involved theories, be better equipped to decide on the most appropriate method for the investigation for a particular research project (Newman & Benz, 1998, p 88). The choice of a research method is also influenced by the resources and time available with the researcher. The particular researcher in this case may for example decide upon the use of quantitative methods, but could be constrained by the lack of resources to undertake a detailed quantitative survey (Hackley, 2003, p 74). In such circumstances the researcher may decide to use quantitative information that is available in the public domain (Hackley, 2003, p 74).

The researcher should adopt an appropriate research method very carefully and after consideration of various aspects of the issue under study, the appropriateness of different research methods, and finally the resources available for research (Hackley, 2003, p 74).

11. Data Collection and Collation
The data to be obtained for the conduct of a research study primarily depends upon the chosen research method, namely whether it is quantitative, qualitative, or mixed in nature.

Obtaining of data must be preceded by a decision on choice of information sources. Information sources are primarily of two types, i.e. primary and secondary information sources (Denscombe, 2002, p 94). Secondary information sources represent the information available on the subject under study in the public domain. Such information is by and large prepared by experts and authors who are not involved in the subject under investigation and is available in the form of publications like books, journals, magazines and online publications (Denscombe, 2002, p 94). Secondary information sources are available either in physical or in online form and researchers have to carefully assess their quality, accuracy and relevance before using them for research. Primary information sources on the other hand represent the information obtained directly from the subjects or organisations under study through the conduct of surveys or interviews. Information contained in organisational or personal websites also fall in the ambit of primary information sources (Denscombe, 2002, p 94).

Quantitative data is usually required to be obtained when adopted methods of research are positivist in nature. Such data is usually collected through questionnaire surveys or opinion polls by agents of researchers who are not involved in the subject under investigation (Bryman & Bell, 2003, p 54). Sampling constitutes a very important element of obtaining quantitative data. Samples represent small segments of populations under study whose reactions and responses can be considered to be representative of the broader population (Davies, 2007, p 53). The determination of sample size is an important component of the sampling process. Such choice of samples can be done through various methods, statistical as well as purposive, and are decided by individual researchers (Davies, 2007, p 53). The size of a sample however has a specific bearing on the validity of the sample findings and has to be taken into account at the time of analysis (Davies, 2007, p 53).

Qualitative information on the other hand is obtained through techniques like semi structured interviews and focus group discussions that are conducted by expert researchers who are involved in the study (Davies, 2007, p 140). Such interviews and discussions are often lengthy and are thus conducted with limited numbers of respondents. Interviewers usually record such interviews, use a mix of carefully designed open and close ended questions, and watch the physical responses of the respondents to locate hidden nuances and meanings (Davies, 2007, p 140).

The researcher should in this particular case arrange to carefully collect information, irrespective of it being quantitative or qualitative in nature, and thereafter tabulate and arrange such information carefully in order to facilitate appropriate analysis.

12. Data Analysis
Quantitative and qualitative methods of research call for very different methods of analysis and researchers have to be careful in their choice of such methods (Cramer, 2003, p 113). Quantitative methods are usually arithmetical or statistical in nature and involve substantial amounts of numerical analysis. Much of quantitative analysis is now done, especially in subjects associated with marketing, forecasting or economics, with the use of sophisticated and complex software programmes (Cramer, 2003, p 113). The validation of data is also an important component of data analysis. The validity of data for accuracy, reliability and correctness plays an important role in the determination of the final validity of findings. Researchers use a number of validation tools, techniques and tests to ascertain the validity and reliability of their findings (Cramer, 2003, p 113).

Qualitative data, which basically emerges from transcripts and voice recordings of interviews and group discussions, is analysed by expert researchers, with the ability and experience to engage in interpretative analysis (Bryman, 2003, p 79). Such analysis is however always open to being influenced by the subjectivity and bias of individual researchers.

The researcher must be very careful about collecting and recording of data. Such data should be carefully transcribed, collated and tabulated and kept safely in order to ensure that it is not lost or destroyed. It is also important to see that tests are carefully carried out for the validation of obtained information as well as analysis.

13. Ethics
The researcher is required to abide by specific ethical codes of conduct during the conduct of their research projects.

Contemporary ethical issues in social research are defined by some key principles, namely those of voluntary participation, informed consent, risk of harm, and confidentiality, all of which work towards protecting the rights of research participants. The ethical principle regarding voluntary participation calls for the prohibition of coercion in getting people to participate in research. This is particularly pertinent in circumstances where researchers can use captive audiences, like in prisons and universities. The concept of informed consent is closely associated with the principle of voluntary participation. This principle demands that research participants should be completely informed of the risks and procedures involved in research and should actively consent to participate. Ethical standards also require researchers to ensure that participants are not put to any risk of harm because of their participation. Harm can be physical and psychological.

Research must also guarantee confidentiality to research participants. Such participants are assured that information that can identify them will not be provided to people or organisations not directly involved in the project. The principle of anonymity, which ensures the anonymity of participants during the course of the study, even to the researchers, is however more difficult to achieve, even though it guarantees privacy better.

The researcher must thus ensure adherence to these ethical codes at all stages of research. Such ethical issues mostly come into play during the course of collection of information. The researcher must provide detailed information to participants, take care to take letters of voluntary participation, and ensure maintenance of confidentiality at all stages of the research project.

14. Preparation of Final Research Project
The preparation of the final project is taken up only after completion of all other processes. The researcher must allocate specific time to writing of the project and decide upon its structure before setting out on making the first draft. Care should be taken to see that information as well as arguments is presented logically, coherently and sequentially. It is good idea to use appendices but such appendices should be chosen carefully in order to ensure that they are relevant and do not barely increase the volume of the project. The draft should be checked very carefully for grammar, spelling, syntax and structure before it is presented to the tutor for comments and approval. Care should be taken to include the suggestions of the tutor after its appraisal. The researcher should also take pains to acknowledge the help received in the conduct of the project by the tutor, seniors and peers. The project should finally be word processed and bound carefully with an appropriately designed title page and folder.

15. Conclusion
This assignment takes up the issue of conducting a social research project in the area of After Sales Service.

Social research is a complex exercise and the conduct of a specific project like one in After Sales Service entails the understanding of social research theory, the application of social research principles to real life situations, the detailed planning of various activities involved in the project, the conduct of such activities and finally the preparation of the research project.

It is extremely important to adhere by the ethical codes of conduct prescribed for social researchers and to ensure that research participants do not have to suffer from adverse consequences on account of their participation in such activity.

Whilst social research is a demanding and strenuous exercise that taxes the knowledge, cognitive abilities and capacity for work of researchers, it is also an immensely rewarding academic exercise that not only increases the knowledge and abilities of researchers but also adds useful information to the public domain of knowledge that can be used by others. The researcher should carefully and sincerely plan and conduct his work. There is no reason why the project will be anything less than successful if it is planned and conducted with care, thought, and sincerity.