【摘要】：結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測(cè)能合理規(guī)避結(jié)構(gòu)損傷帶來(lái)的危害,對(duì)保障人民生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全至關(guān)重要。傳統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測(cè)大多依靠手動(dòng)部署數(shù)據(jù)采集儀實(shí)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)鍵參數(shù)的測(cè)量,成本高且效率低。無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)可實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)線、直觀的結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測(cè),但系統(tǒng)均采用電池供電,嚴(yán)重限制了網(wǎng)絡(luò)壽命和應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景。為了解決目前結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)中數(shù)據(jù)采集不便、節(jié)點(diǎn)壽命有限等問題,本文基于射頻能量收集技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)了一種可充電結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng),具體研究?jī)?nèi)容和貢獻(xiàn)有以下三點(diǎn):1.系統(tǒng)闡述了可充電結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的宏觀架構(gòu)及組成部分,并對(duì)核充電、低功耗通信、應(yīng)變測(cè)量和云端存儲(chǔ)等核心模塊設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)說(shuō)明。針對(duì)實(shí)時(shí)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景,考慮節(jié)點(diǎn)低功耗與高采樣頻率,提出系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)思路。并從能量獲取、存儲(chǔ)和利用三方面說(shuō)明系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)難點(diǎn)及解決方法,為可充電結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)提供了詳細(xì)的理論指導(dǎo)與實(shí)踐方法。2.在鋼結(jié)構(gòu)架設(shè)過程中,監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)需實(shí)時(shí)返回?cái)?shù)據(jù),節(jié)點(diǎn)功耗必須盡可能低以保證較高的采樣頻率。本文基于被動(dòng)式RFID通信設(shè)計(jì)了兼容商用閱讀器的超低功耗無(wú)線監(jiān)測(cè)節(jié)點(diǎn),并使用RFID閱讀器、接入無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)的路由器自行設(shè)計(jì)了匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)和云端存儲(chǔ)與本地展示平臺(tái),搭建了完整的超低功耗結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)表面應(yīng)變和溫度數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)時(shí)獲取、存儲(chǔ)及展示。3.搭建實(shí)際的測(cè)試平臺(tái)對(duì)所設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)的能量收集性能、節(jié)點(diǎn)能量消耗性能、傳感性能和無(wú)線通信性能進(jìn)行評(píng)估分析。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析了射頻能量收集傳感節(jié)點(diǎn)的能量收集效率提升方法,系統(tǒng)測(cè)試結(jié)果表明系統(tǒng)能可靠穩(wěn)定的工作,實(shí)現(xiàn)了高效的射頻能量收集及利用、傳感數(shù)據(jù)的即時(shí)準(zhǔn)確獲取以及結(jié)構(gòu)健康參數(shù)的直觀顯示。
[Abstract]:Structural health monitoring can avoid the damage caused by structural damage and is very important to ensure the safety of people's life and property. Traditional structural health monitoring mostly depends on manual deployment of data acquisition device to achieve the measurement of key structural parameters with high cost and low efficiency. Wireless sensor networks can realize wireless and intuitive structural health monitoring, but battery power supply is used in all systems, which seriously limits the network life and application scenarios. In order to solve the problems of inconvenient data acquisition and limited node life in the current structural health monitoring system, a rechargeable structural health monitoring system is designed and implemented based on RF energy collection technology. Specific research content and contribution have the following three points: 1. The macroscopical architecture and components of the rechargeable structure health monitoring system are described systematically. The design of the core modules such as nuclear charging, low power communication, strain measurement and cloud storage are described in detail. Considering the low power consumption and high sampling frequency of nodes in real time application scene, the system design idea is put forward. The difficulties and solutions of system design are illustrated from three aspects of energy acquisition, storage and utilization, which provide detailed theoretical guidance and practical methods for the design and implementation of rechargeable structure health monitoring system. 2. In the process of steel structure erection, the monitoring system needs to return data in real time, and the node power consumption must be as low as possible to ensure a high sampling frequency. Based on passive RFID communication, an ultra-low power wireless monitoring node compatible with commercial readers is designed in this paper. Using RFID reader, routers accessing wireless network design convergence node, cloud storage and local display platform. An ultralow power consumption structure health monitoring system is built to obtain, store and display the surface strain and temperature data of steel structure in real time. The energy collection performance, node energy consumption performance, sensor performance and wireless communication performance of the designed system are evaluated and analyzed by building an actual test platform. Based on the experimental data, the energy collection efficiency of the radio-frequency energy collection sensor node is analyzed. The system test results show that the system can work reliably and stably, and achieve efficient RF energy collection and utilization. The real-time and accurate acquisition of sensing data and the visual display of structural health parameters.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP274

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本文編號(hào)：2299950