發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-19 19:50

  本文選題：豇豆 + 遺傳多樣性�。� 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：豇豆為豆科豇豆屬(rigna unguiculata L. Walp.)一年生草本植物,廣泛分布于熱帶及亞熱帶地區(qū)。其豆英可作為蔬菜,籽粒含有豐富的蛋白質(zhì)(23-25%)及碳水化合物f50-67%)可作為主食。另外豇豆還是十分高效的固氮植物,對改善種植區(qū)土地肥力有著重要的作用。栽培豇豆種植歷史悠久,被認(rèn)為在公元前1000年左右由野生豇豆馴化而成,最初作為糧食和飼料作物廣泛種植于非洲。傳入亞洲后由于當(dāng)?shù)貪駶櫟臍夂驐l件,演化出長英豇豆和短英豇豆兩個(gè)亞種,成為東南亞地區(qū)重要的菜用作物。經(jīng)過選育的栽培豇豆,現(xiàn)今已成為熱帶及亞熱帶地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)中重要的組成部分。位于尼日利亞的國際熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)研究所(International Institute for Tropical Agriculture, IITA; http://old.iita.org)和美國農(nóng)業(yè)部(United States Department of Agriculture, USDA)收集了大量的豇豆資源,為豇豆遺傳、育種等相關(guān)研究提供了豐富的材料。本文利用美國農(nóng)業(yè)部收集的716份種質(zhì)資源(其中502份核心種質(zhì))及52份美國商業(yè)品種,從表型和基因型兩個(gè)方面對其遺傳多樣性進(jìn)行了較為全面的研究。同時(shí),對結(jié)英數(shù)、結(jié)英位置、英長、株高、株型、百粒重、藤蔓習(xí)性和生育期等性狀進(jìn)行全基因組關(guān)聯(lián)分析。主要研究結(jié)果如下：1、參照美國農(nóng)業(yè)部標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對768份豇豆資源的17個(gè)農(nóng)藝性狀進(jìn)行了遺傳多態(tài)性分析。結(jié)果顯示：整個(gè)群體中以白色豆莢和白色、棕眼、光滑、半圓籽粒為主；株葉形態(tài)以直立、半蔓生株型及半戟型葉片為主。方差分析顯示除粒型、結(jié)英位置、株型及結(jié)英習(xí)性在各群體間沒有顯著差異外,其余性狀在各地理群體間顯示出一定程度的差異。聚類分析可以在一定程度上區(qū)別各地理群,但各地區(qū)間(分類界限)不明顯。在各群體中,商業(yè)栽培品種與其他各地區(qū)品種表型區(qū)別明顯,結(jié)英數(shù)和百粒重在各群體中最高,同時(shí)變異系數(shù)和遺傳多樣性最低；非洲和亞洲地區(qū)資源遺傳多樣性最高且遺傳關(guān)系較近；而北美與拉丁美洲地區(qū)間群體表型無明顯差異,二者與中亞及南亞次大陸地區(qū)群體關(guān)系更近。因些,推斷栽培豇豆由非洲地區(qū)起源后,進(jìn)入亞洲經(jīng)歷了第二次馴化,而后通過殖民擴(kuò)張進(jìn)入美洲地區(qū)。2、利用GBS (Genotyping by Sequencing)方法從供試群體中獲得的1048個(gè)高效SNP標(biāo)記對群體遺傳多樣性、群體結(jié)構(gòu)及系統(tǒng)聚類進(jìn)行分析。遺傳多樣性顯示,東非、西非地區(qū)以及南亞次大陸地區(qū)的種質(zhì)遺傳多樣性最為豐富,東亞、中亞、歐洲及北美商業(yè)品種多樣性較低。方差分析表明,各群體間基因變異絕大多數(shù)來自于群體內(nèi)部(90%),而非群體之間(10%)。聚類分析和各地理群體遺傳距離表明,美洲、南亞次大陸以及非洲東南部的群體遺傳關(guān)系較近；東亞、中亞及歐洲的群體遺傳關(guān)系較近；而北美商業(yè)品種與西非地區(qū)的群體雖在表型有一定差異,但基因型一致性較高。該結(jié)果再次驗(yàn)證,栽培豇豆應(yīng)發(fā)源于西非或東非,后傳入南亞次大陸經(jīng)歷第二次馴化,而北美商業(yè)品種可能在育種過程中大量引入了西非當(dāng)?shù)刭Y源。3、選取8個(gè)較為重要的農(nóng)藝性狀：結(jié)英數(shù)、結(jié)英位置、英長、株高、株型、百粒重、藤蔓習(xí)性和生育期,使用1048個(gè)SNP標(biāo)記、768份豇豆資源對其進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)作圖。在四種線性模型下,scaffold22616和scaffold8664附近位點(diǎn)與生育期顯著相關(guān)；C35010719附近位點(diǎn)與株高顯著相關(guān)：C35084948和scaffold72837附近位點(diǎn)與英長顯著相關(guān)；scaffold20520附近位點(diǎn)與結(jié)英數(shù)顯著相關(guān)；C35004001,C35022001,scaffold26894及scaffold95778附近位點(diǎn)與百粒重顯著相關(guān)。這些標(biāo)記的開發(fā)有利于完善關(guān)聯(lián)分析在豇豆上的應(yīng)用,同時(shí)對未來豇豆的基因輔助育種提供了參考。
[Abstract]:Cowpea, an annual herbaceous plant of rigna unguiculata L. Walp., is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. Its beans can be used as vegetables, with rich protein (23-25%) and carbohydrate f50-67%) as a staple food. In addition, cowpeas are ten high efficient nitrogen fixing plants, and are effective in improving soil fertility in planting areas. The Cultivated Cowpea has a long history. It was thought to be domesticated by wild cowpea around 1000 B.C. and was widely cultivated as a grain and forage crop in Africa. After being introduced into Asia, two subspecies of the cowpea and the cowpea were evolved from the humid climate in the region. The Cultivated Cowpea is now an important component of the agricultural system in tropical and subtropical regions. The International Tropical Agricultural Research Institute in Nigeria (International Institute for Tropical Agriculture, IITA; http://old.iita.org) and the United States Ministry of agriculture (United States Department of Agriculture,) USDA) collected a large number of cowpea resources and provided rich materials for the studies of cowpea genetics and breeding. In this paper, the genetic diversity of 716 germplasm resources (502 Core Germplasms) and 52 American commercial varieties collected by the US Department of agriculture was studied in two aspects of phenotypes and genotypes. The whole genome association analysis was carried out on the characters of the numbers, the British position, the British length, the plant height, the plant type, the 100 grain weight, the vine habit and the growth period. The main results were as follows: 1, the genetic polymorphism of 17 agronomic characters of 768 cowpea resources was analyzed with reference to the standard of the United States agriculture department. The results showed that the whole population was white pods and the whole population. White, brown, smooth, and semicircular grains are the main ones, and the leaf morphology is dominated by erect, semi vines and halberd leaves. Variance analysis shows that there is no significant difference between the grain type, the position of the knot, the plant type and the habit of knot in each group, but the other traits show a certain degree of difference between the geographical groups. There are no obvious geographical groups, but there is no obvious difference in the region (classification limit). Among the groups, the commercial cultivar is distinctly different from that of the other regions, and the number of knots and the 100 grain weight is the highest in each group, and the coefficient of variation and genetic diversity are the lowest, and the genetic diversity of the African and Asian regions is the highest and the genetic relationship is close. There is no significant difference in population phenotype between North America and Latin America, and the relationship between the two and the subcontinent of Central Asia and South Asia is closer. As a result, it is inferred that after the origin of Africa, the Cultivated Cowpea has experienced second domestication in Asia and then through colonial expansion into the.2 of the Americas, using the GBS (Genotyping by Sequencing) method. The genetic diversity of population, population structure and system clustering was analyzed by 1048 high efficient SNP markers obtained in the test group. Genetic diversity showed that the genetic diversity was the most abundant in East Africa, West Africa and South Asian subcontinent, and the diversity of East Asia, Central Asia, Europe and North America was low. Most of the interbody genetic variations come from within the population (90%), but between non populations (10%). Cluster analysis and genetic distance from various geographic populations indicate that the genetic relationship between the Americas, the subcontinent of South Asia and the southeastern Africa is close; the relationship between East Asia, Central Asia and Europe is closer; and the North American commercial variety and the western African Group are more closely related. Although the phenotype has a certain difference in phenotype, the genotype consistency is higher. The result is again verifying that the Cultivated Cowpea should originate in West Africa or East Africa, and then pass into the South Asian subcontinent for second times domestication, and the commercial varieties in North America may introduce a large number of western African local resources.3 in the breeding process, and select 8 more important agronomic traits: the number of knot English, The location, length, height, plant height, plant type, 100 grain weight, vines habit and growth period, use 1048 SNP markers and 768 cowpea resources to map them. Under four linear models, the loci of scaffold22616 and scaffold8664 are significantly related to the growth period, and the close loci of C35010719 are significantly related to plant height: C35084948 and scaffold72837 The nearby loci were significantly related to the length of the English length; the loci near scaffold20520 were significantly related to the number of nodding; the sites of C35004001, C35022001, scaffold26894 and scaffold95778 were significantly related to 100 grain weight. The development of these markers was beneficial to the improvement of the application of association analysis on cowpea. Test.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S643.4
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本文編號：1774476