發(fā)布時間：2018-04-18 13:52

  本文選題：細(xì)胞壁 + 竹材纖維細(xì)胞　； 參考：《中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：細(xì)胞壁紋孔是植物組織細(xì)胞間至關(guān)重要的結(jié)構(gòu)通道。竹子莖桿節(jié)間細(xì)胞均呈縱向排列,紋孔是物質(zhì)在細(xì)胞間橫向輸導(dǎo)和滲透的核心途徑。系統(tǒng)深入地開展竹材細(xì)胞壁紋孔特征研究,對促進(jìn)細(xì)胞壁結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的深度詮釋,竹資源的高附加值利用,以及仿生結(jié)構(gòu)和材料設(shè)計等都具有重要的科學(xué)意義。然而,至今竹材紋孔相關(guān)研究成果積累十分稀少。本文系統(tǒng)研究竹材細(xì)胞壁紋孔的基本特征,為紋孔結(jié)構(gòu)與功能相適性的相關(guān)探討奠定理論基礎(chǔ),研究成果填補(bǔ)目前對竹材紋孔認(rèn)識的空白。本文以常見經(jīng)濟(jì)竹種毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis(Carr.)J.Houz.)為研究對象,利用場發(fā)射掃描電子顯微鏡的大景深范圍和高分辨率特點,結(jié)合基本解剖方法和樹脂鑄型技術(shù),對竹材組織樣品和三維樹脂鑄型樣品進(jìn)行紋孔結(jié)構(gòu)的觀察分析和參數(shù)測量。在對毛竹細(xì)胞類型和維管束內(nèi)空間位置進(jìn)行明確劃分的基礎(chǔ)之上,重點通過竹材導(dǎo)管、薄壁細(xì)胞和纖維細(xì)胞等主要類型細(xì)胞上紋孔和紋孔對的立體結(jié)構(gòu),分析討論紋孔的類型、大小等基本形態(tài),紋孔的排列和分布規(guī)律,紋孔口、紋孔膜和紋孔腔等重要紋孔組成,細(xì)胞間紋孔對以及維管束內(nèi)紋孔通道的分布和結(jié)構(gòu)特點等等紋孔重要特征,以專門系統(tǒng)地探索竹材細(xì)胞壁的紋孔結(jié)構(gòu)特征。得出以下的主要結(jié)論:(1)維管束內(nèi)有2~5個直徑為20~80μm的孔紋小導(dǎo)管并行排列或錯落分布,小導(dǎo)管壁上有大量的具緣紋孔,并可通過具緣紋孔對相互連接。導(dǎo)管側(cè)壁紋孔式有較原始的環(huán)紋和螺紋增厚,以及后生木質(zhì)部導(dǎo)管和小導(dǎo)管的孔紋等幾種。管間紋孔式以對列為主,對列-互列過渡或混合。毛竹后生木質(zhì)部導(dǎo)管的具緣紋孔結(jié)構(gòu)明顯,紋孔內(nèi)口和外口的短軸長分別約為0.6~2.5μm和1.1~3.8μm。導(dǎo)管的內(nèi)含紋孔口可進(jìn)一步細(xì)分為PⅠ(紋孔短軸兩側(cè)均無紋孔緣)、PⅡ(紋孔單側(cè)有紋孔緣)和PⅢ(紋孔兩側(cè)均有紋孔緣)三種類型。紋孔口附近的微纖絲呈流線型排列,并在相鄰紋孔間發(fā)生麻花狀扭轉(zhuǎn)。紋孔膜或被結(jié)殼和無定形物質(zhì)覆蓋。原生和后生木質(zhì)部導(dǎo)管內(nèi)壁上,可能有侵填體等內(nèi)含物。導(dǎo)管紋孔的分布具有高度的區(qū)域選擇性,即同一維管束內(nèi)的兩個大導(dǎo)管,側(cè)壁上紋孔總是密集分布于靠近維管束幾何中心的一側(cè)。(2)薄壁細(xì)胞內(nèi)壁上紋孔往往被淀粉等細(xì)胞內(nèi)含物遮擋,部分短細(xì)胞內(nèi)也含有小顆粒的淀粉�；�本組織中的薄壁細(xì)胞紋孔分布整體少于維管束內(nèi)的數(shù)量,同時,紋孔在薄壁細(xì)胞縱壁上的分布遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于橫壁。薄壁細(xì)胞的紋孔內(nèi)口大小約為1.4~2.5μm,紋孔口有從單紋孔到具緣紋孔的多種變化形式。壁薄的細(xì)胞上常有初生紋孔場。部分薄壁細(xì)胞擁有獨(dú)特的分枝紋孔腔結(jié)構(gòu),在連通細(xì)胞腔的同一個主體大紋孔腔上特定位置處,再伸出幾個分枝紋孔腔(毛竹中最常見兩個分枝),分別與不同細(xì)胞的紋孔構(gòu)成紋孔對。薄壁細(xì)胞間紋孔對類型絕大部分為單紋孔對,間或有少量的具緣紋孔對和半具緣紋孔對(一般出現(xiàn)在導(dǎo)管附近),部分薄壁細(xì)胞間還存在對列紋孔式。另外,導(dǎo)管附近存在一類特殊的長條狀薄壁細(xì)胞,其壁上紋孔較多,且同時有單紋孔和具緣紋孔兩種類型。(3)毛竹韌皮部纖維細(xì)胞、韌型纖維細(xì)胞間均以單紋孔對連接;纖維狀管胞相互間以具緣紋孔對連接,另與韌型纖維間構(gòu)成半具緣紋孔對。纖維細(xì)胞壁上的紋孔整體較小且分布稀疏(基本不超過1μm),紋孔道狹長。纖維細(xì)胞紋孔外口附近,微纖絲在初生壁上呈現(xiàn)出漩渦狀走向,在次生壁上呈現(xiàn)出流線型繞過紋孔口的排列。纖維細(xì)胞紋孔內(nèi)口為細(xì)縫或裂隙狀,附近還有瘤層的存在。緊鄰導(dǎo)管處有一類特殊纖維細(xì)胞,其壁上紋孔數(shù)量遠(yuǎn)多于其他纖維細(xì)胞的。從纖維鞘外圍到中心位置,纖維細(xì)胞上紋孔數(shù)量有逐漸減少的趨勢。在同一水平面上,常見多個相鄰纖維細(xì)胞間出現(xiàn)連續(xù)的紋孔對連接。(4)薄壁細(xì)胞與導(dǎo)管間多數(shù)以半具緣紋孔對連接,也存在少量的具緣紋孔對。部分薄壁細(xì)胞與導(dǎo)管形成對列或?qū)α?互列的紋孔式,在二者細(xì)胞內(nèi)壁上都有體現(xiàn)。導(dǎo)管紋孔有時與相鄰薄壁細(xì)胞分枝紋孔腔伸出的分枝之一連接構(gòu)成特殊紋孔對。纖維細(xì)胞與薄壁細(xì)胞的連接可能以單紋孔對的類型居多。纖維細(xì)胞與導(dǎo)管間的紋孔對連接常發(fā)生在導(dǎo)管內(nèi)壁光滑的一側(cè)。橫向上的紋孔對分布呈現(xiàn)出從維管束中心區(qū)域向外減少的規(guī)律。(5)縱向相連的導(dǎo)管分子間主要由單穿孔連接,也存在少數(shù)網(wǎng)狀復(fù)穿孔;縱向相鄰的薄壁細(xì)胞間通過橫壁紋孔連接;縱向相鄰的纖維細(xì)胞端部通常沒有紋孔連接。在維管束內(nèi),縱向上紋孔通道的貫通性遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于橫向的。
[Abstract]:Cell wall pit structure is a crucial channel of plant tissue cells. The bamboo stem internodes cells were arranged vertically, the pit is material in the intercellular transport and permeability of core transverse way. Systematically carry out bamboo cell wall pore characteristics, to promote the depth interpretation of the cell wall structure and function, high the added value of bamboo resources, has important scientific significance and bionic structure and material design. However, since the relevant research results of bamboo pit accumulation is very scarce. This paper studies the basic characteristics of bamboo cell wall pits, which lays the theoretical foundation for the pit structure and function is related to the research results. Fill in the blank at present on bamboo pit. Based on the understanding of common economic bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) J.Houz.) as the research object, by using field emission scanning electron microscopy of Da Jingshen Range and high resolution characteristics, combined with the basic anatomical method and resin casting technology were analyzed and parameters of grain pore structure measurement of bamboo tissue samples and the resin cast samples. In the spatial location of bamboo cell types and vascular bundles were clearly divided on the basis of the key through the bamboo tube, the main types of parenchyma cells and fibroblasts cells such as pit and pit on the three-dimensional structure, analysis and discussion of types of pits, basic form and size, arrangement and distribution, pit pit aperture, which pits membrane and pit cavity and other important pits, an important feature of intercellular pitpair pits and vascular distribution in the channel the structure and characteristics of pits, pit to structure the systematic exploration of bamboo cell wall. Draw the following conclusions: (1) Vee Banryne 2~5 with a diameter of pitted small pipe 20~80 m and 琛屾帓鍒楁垨閿欒惤鍒嗗竷,灝忓�冀帯澹佷笂鏈夊ぇ閲忕殑鍏肪~樼汗瀛，

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