本文選題：延邊地區(qū)　切入點(diǎn)：黑木耳產(chǎn)業(yè)　出處：《延邊大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng),人類飲食有了較大改善,對(duì)食用菌類產(chǎn)品需求也出現(xiàn)了急劇上升。同時(shí)代料栽培食用菌類技術(shù)成功研發(fā)和普及,使得食用菌類產(chǎn)業(yè)出現(xiàn)快速發(fā)展,黑木耳產(chǎn)業(yè)得到了進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。延邊地區(qū)地理環(huán)境適合黑木耳生長(zhǎng),其種植歷史悠久,當(dāng)?shù)厝罕娡ㄟ^(guò)數(shù)十年的擴(kuò)大再生產(chǎn),已經(jīng)形成的黑木耳產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈,成為延邊地區(qū)重要的特色產(chǎn)業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱之一。同時(shí),給當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)、就業(yè)人數(shù)增長(zhǎng)、新農(nóng)村建設(shè)資金補(bǔ)給、東北邊疆少數(shù)民族地區(qū)穩(wěn)定等起到了一定的作用。但是,隨著代料栽培黑木耳技術(shù)的普及,產(chǎn)生了幾百億個(gè)廢棄菌袋。在市場(chǎng)條件、人為污染因素及菌袋材質(zhì)的相互作用下,導(dǎo)致大量的塑料垃圾、菌糠殘留、藥物滲透以及山體農(nóng)田破壞,對(duì)水土保護(hù)、植被生長(zhǎng)、家禽飼養(yǎng)、藥材種植、人類居住等產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重危害。同時(shí)以木腐菌為主的生產(chǎn)品種結(jié)構(gòu),造成對(duì)林業(yè)資源的大量消耗。①?gòu)U棄菌袋造成環(huán)境破壞又反作用于當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng),隨著當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)環(huán)境的持續(xù)惡化,目前出現(xiàn)了大量原種植戶選擇其他農(nóng)業(yè)類經(jīng)營(yíng)。這一現(xiàn)象導(dǎo)致農(nóng)村黑木耳產(chǎn)業(yè)度急劇下降,部分農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展呈現(xiàn)初步停滯現(xiàn)象。本文以"公地悲劇"理論,探索廢棄菌袋造成環(huán)境破壞的原因,并提出采取加強(qiáng)法律監(jiān)管,建立廢棄菌袋回收利用處理體系,生態(tài)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制,提高種植人員整體素質(zhì)等對(duì)策,促進(jìn)黑木耳產(chǎn)業(yè)的持續(xù)發(fā)展和延邊地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)。
[Abstract]:With the economic growth, the human diet has been greatly improved, and the demand for edible fungus products has increased sharply.The successful research and development and popularization of edible fungus technology in the same age materials have led to the rapid development of edible fungus industry and the further development of Auricularia auricula industry.The geographical environment of Yanbian area is suitable for the growth of Auricularia auricularia. The local people have formed an industrial chain of Auricularia auricula through decades of expanded reproduction, which has become one of the important characteristic industries and economic pillars in Yanbian area.At the same time, the sustained growth of local economy, the growth of employment, the supply of new rural construction funds, and the stability of the ethnic minority areas in the northeast frontier have played a certain role.However, with the popularization of substitute cultivation of Auricularia auricula, tens of billions of waste fungus bags were produced.Under market conditions, the interaction of artificial pollution factors and bacterial bag materials leads to a large amount of plastic waste, residue of bacteria chaff, drug penetration and destruction of mountain farmland, soil and water conservation, vegetation growth, poultry breeding, herbal medicine cultivation,Human habitation, etc., causes serious harm.At the same time, the production variety structure, which is dominated by wood rot fungi, caused a great deal of consumption of forestry resources. 1 waste fungus bag caused environmental damage and counterproductive to the local economic growth. With the continuous deterioration of local ecological environment,At present, a large number of original farmers choose other types of agricultural management.This phenomenon led to a sharp decline in the industrial degree of Auricularia auricula in rural areas, and a preliminary stagnation in the development of some rural economies.Based on the theory of "tragedy of Commons", this paper explores the causes of environmental damage caused by waste bacterial bags, and puts forward some countermeasures, such as strengthening legal supervision, establishing recycling and treatment system of waste bacterial bags, ecological compensation mechanism, and improving the overall quality of growers.To promote the sustainable development of Auricularia auricula industry and the protection of ecological environment in Yanbian area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：延邊大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X712;F326.13

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