發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-16 02:15

  本文選題：明代 + 文昌信仰�。� 參考：《西華師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：文昌帝君是掌管士人功名利祿的神yG。文昌信仰伴隨著科舉制度的發(fā)展在中國延續(xù)千年,對(duì)中國政治思想、文化教育和社會(huì)生活等方面都產(chǎn)生了重大而深刻的影響。明代是文昌信仰發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,而學(xué)界系統(tǒng)論述明代文昌信仰的成果頗少,本文分以下三方面論述了明代文昌信仰。明代文昌帝君的神職已集中到執(zhí)掌功名桂籍上,而其余神職,如掌管生育、庇護(hù)官員,或多或少均與其掌功名桂籍相關(guān)。而唐宋時(shí)期懲治內(nèi)叛,抵御外敵之職,在明代已消失無蹤。與之相適應(yīng),文昌帝君武將形象消失,文職官員形象則成為明代最為普遍的形象。同時(shí)文昌帝君有了自己的神靈體系,有了侍從天聾和地啞。隨著文昌信仰的發(fā)展,文昌宮祠遍布全國,在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)的江南地區(qū)更是普遍。同時(shí)出現(xiàn)了與文昌帝君相關(guān)的民俗,如敬惜字紙、文昌洞經(jīng)音樂。文昌帝君的地位在明代起伏較大。明初,文昌帝君的發(fā)展受到明王朝的支持。明英宗重修京師文昌廟。然弘治元年(1488),明孝宗卻同意禮部尚書周洪謨等人貶抑文昌帝君的請(qǐng)求。明王朝對(duì)文昌信仰態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變,其原因有四:一是弘治初年,明廷財(cái)政困難,拆毀文昌祠可省無益之費(fèi);二是文昌信仰源流不清,本身存在缺陷;三是崇祀文昌帝君與儒家思想有抵牾;四是明孝宗為肅清社會(huì)風(fēng)氣,整頓祀典。明王朝對(duì)文昌帝君的貶抑,在執(zhí)行過程中卻因監(jiān)督不力、政策的倡議者或逝世,或離職、士子對(duì)崇祀文昌帝君看法不一及文昌信仰深入人心等原因,明廷的一紙禁令已難以抑制文昌信仰的發(fā)展。宋時(shí),文昌帝君偶爾有奉祀于學(xué)宮的現(xiàn)象。至明代,文昌宮祠普遍附祀于學(xué)宮。文昌宮祠普遍附祀學(xué)宮的原因有三:一是文昌信仰可彌補(bǔ)科舉考試的缺陷;二是修筑文昌宮祠可振興地方文風(fēng);三是士子普遍奉祀。對(duì)于文昌帝君附祀學(xué)宮,士人意見不一,有持反對(duì)意見者,認(rèn)為文昌信仰源流不清,應(yīng)撤出學(xué)宮。有持支持意見者,認(rèn)為文昌信仰“在有功于儒教”。
[Abstract]:The emperor of Wenchang was the god YGG, who was in charge of the scholar's fame and fortune. With the development of the imperial examination system, Wenchang faith has exerted a great and profound influence on Chinese political thought, culture and education, social life and so on. The Ming Dynasty is the key period of the development of Wenchang's belief, but the academic circles' systematic discussion on the Ming Dynasty's Wenchang belief is very few. This paper discusses the Ming Dynasty's Wenchang belief in the following three aspects. In the Ming Dynasty, the monarch of Wenchang had concentrated his clerical duties on the title of Gui nationality, while the rest, such as those in charge of fertility and asylum officials, were more or less related to his name. The duty of punishing internal rebellion and resisting foreign enemies in the Tang and Song dynasties had disappeared in the Ming Dynasty. Accordingly, the image of Emperor Wenchang disappeared and the image of civilian official became the most popular image in Ming Dynasty. At the same time, Emperor Wenchang had his own system of deities, deafness and mute. With the development of Wenchang belief, the temple of Wenchang Palace spread all over the country, especially in the economically developed area of Jiangnan. At the same time, there are folk customs related to Emperor Wenchang, such as worshiping paper, Wenchang cave music. Wenchang emperor's position in the Ming Dynasty was quite ups and downs. In the early Ming Dynasty, the development of Emperor Wenchang was supported by the Ming Dynasty. Ming Yingzong rebuilt the Wenchang Temple, a capital teacher. Ran Hongzhi the first year of 1488U, filial piety but agreed to the Ministry of Rites Book Zhou Hongmo and other people derogatory to the request of Emperor Wenchang. There are four reasons for the change of the attitude of the Ming Dynasty to the belief of Wenchang: first, in the early years of Hongzhi, when the Ming government was in financial difficulties, the demolition of the temple of Wenchang could save no profit in fees, the second was that the origin of the belief in Wenchang was not clear, and there were defects in itself. Third, worship Wenchang emperor and Confucian thought conflict; fourth, the Ming Dynasty to clean up the social atmosphere, rectifying ritual worship. The Ming Dynasty's derogatory attitude toward the emperor of Wenchang was due to the lack of supervision, the death of the policy proponent, or the departure of the emperor. The scholars held different views on the worship of Emperor Wenchang and the belief in Wenchang was deeply rooted in the people's mind. A ban by the Ming government has been difficult to curb the development of the faith of Wenchang. In Song Dynasty, Emperor Wenchang once in a while offered sacrifices to the Xuegong. To the Ming Dynasty, Wenchang Palace Temple generally attached to the palace. There are three reasons why Wenchang Palace Temple is generally attached to the School Palace: first, the belief in Wenchang can make up for the defects of the imperial examination; second, the construction of the Temple of Wenchang Palace can revitalize the local literary style; and third, the scholars generally worship. For Wenchang emperor monarch attached to the school palace, scholars have different opinions, there are dissenting opinions, that Wenchang faith is not clear, should withdraw from the palace. Some people who support the belief that Wenchang "in the meritorious Confucian religion."
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西華師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K248

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