發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-12 06:26

  本文選題：金朝前期 + 事金宋人　； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：12世紀(jì)上半葉，中華大地上風(fēng)云激蕩、金戈鐵馬，契丹、漢、黨項(xiàng)、女真等各個(gè)民族紛紛走上歷史的前臺，在相互角逐和交流的過程中，各民族政權(quán)的勢力此消彼長。公元1115年，女真族的杰出首領(lǐng)完顏阿骨打建立了大金國，打破了遼、北宋、西夏鼎足而立的相對安定局面。金朝前期四位統(tǒng)治者滅遼亡宋、臣服西夏、窮追南宋，最終與南宋政權(quán)劃淮對峙，用不到五十年的時(shí)間從一個(gè)被統(tǒng)治民族變成了那個(gè)時(shí)代事實(shí)上的主宰。對于女真族這樣一個(gè)正處于從奴隸社會(huì)向封建社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的民族，要想統(tǒng)治處在封建時(shí)代繁盛時(shí)期的中原廣袤地區(qū)，成為轄區(qū)內(nèi)眾多民族的共同統(tǒng)治者，就必須向先進(jìn)民族汲取養(yǎng)分，改變落后的生產(chǎn)方式和管理方式，以完成時(shí)代所賦予女真民族的歷史使命。因此，金朝統(tǒng)治集團(tuán)對于所占領(lǐng)的北宋統(tǒng)治區(qū)域內(nèi)的漢族官僚知識分子，對南宋出使金朝的官員都特別青睞，通過威逼利誘或強(qiáng)行扣留等不同方式迫其事金。所以，，這些在宋金交戰(zhàn)及對峙時(shí)期由宋入金并為金朝服務(wù)過的人就形成了一個(gè)特殊的“事金宋人”群體。 事金宋人主要是原北宋或南宋統(tǒng)治下的官員，由于不同原因在金朝前期一度歸順金朝或是入金后直接或間接服務(wù)于金朝統(tǒng)治集團(tuán)。他們中有的是甘愿仕金，效忠金朝；有的則被迫仕金，伺機(jī)南歸；有的雖誓死不仕，卻成為漢族先進(jìn)文化的傳播者和民族友好交往的使者，客觀上也為金朝的發(fā)展壯大做出了貢獻(xiàn)。無論何種緣由，面對山河破碎、故國不堪回首的歷史境遇，事金宋人這一特殊群體不得不流落異域，為異族統(tǒng)治者服務(wù)。但是，在故國君臣的眼中他們就可能是民族的罪人，難以得到宋人的理解和原諒；在金朝統(tǒng)治者的心里他們也始終是異族，是可以利用卻不能被重用的一群人；而在與金朝其他民族同僚共事的過程中，他們也是被輕視被排擠的對象�？傊�，在宋金交戰(zhàn)與對峙的歷史背景下，事金宋人無法辯駁的貳臣身份令其“信而見疑”、“忠而被謗”，不得不在苦悶與彷徨中艱難的生存。 事金宋人群體是特定歷史條件下的產(chǎn)物，客觀地說，他們的命運(yùn)具有一定的不可選擇性。民族情結(jié)與政治操守固然重要，但是，如果站在中華民族的立場上重新給他們定位，我們不能否認(rèn)，他們在客觀上為金朝統(tǒng)治的鞏固，女真民族的發(fā)展進(jìn)步，甚至對宋金南北對峙、民族和平交流格局的出現(xiàn)與穩(wěn)定，對中華民族多元一體的民族關(guān)系格局的發(fā)展與演變都做出了不可磨滅的貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:In the first half of the 12th century, all nationalities such as Jingotiema, Qidan, Han, Dangxiang and Nuzhen stepped into the front stage of history, and in the process of mutual competition and exchange, the power of the political power of all nationalities increased and waned. In 1115 AD, the outstanding leader of the Nuzhen nationality, Wan Yan Aguda, established the Great Jin State, breaking the relative stability of Liao, Northern Song and Western Xia dynasties. In the early Jin Dynasty, the four rulers destroyed the Liao Dynasty and the Song Dynasty, succumbed to the Western Xia Dynasty, pursued the Southern Song Dynasty, and finally confronted the regime of the Southern Song Dynasty. In less than 50 years, they changed from a ruled nation to a de facto master of that era. For a nation that is in the transition from a slave society to a feudal society, the Nuzhen people want to rule the vast areas of the Central Plains in the prosperous period of feudalism and become the common rulers of many nationalities in their jurisdiction. It is necessary to absorb nutrients from the advanced nations and change the backward mode of production and management in order to fulfill the historical mission entrusted to the nation by the times. Therefore, the ruling group of Jin Dynasty especially favored the bureaucrats and intellectuals of Han nationality in the occupied area of the Northern Song Dynasty, especially the officials of the Jin Dynasty who sent out missions to the Southern Song Dynasty, and forced them to pay their money by coercion, inducement or forcible detention. Therefore, these people who entered the Jin Dynasty and served for the Jin Dynasty formed a special group of "the people of Jin Dynasty and Song Dynasty" during the warring and confrontation period of Song and Jin dynasties. The people of Jin and Song Dynasty were mainly officials under the rule of the Northern Song Dynasty or the Southern Song Dynasty. For different reasons, they were obedient to the Jin Dynasty in the early Jin Dynasty or served directly or indirectly in the ruling group of the Jin Dynasty after entering the Jin Dynasty. Some of them were willing to worship gold, loyal to the Jin Dynasty; others were forced to return to the south, while others vowed to die, but they became the disseminators of the advanced culture of the Han nationality and messengers of friendly exchanges among nationalities. Objectively, it also contributed to the development of the Jin Dynasty. No matter what kind of reason, faced with the broken mountains and rivers, the historical situation of the old country was unbearable, and the special group of Jin and Song people had to live in a foreign land to serve the alien rulers. However, they may be sinners of the nation in the eyes of the monarch and ministers of the country, and they are difficult to get the understanding and forgiveness of the Song people; in the heart of the rulers of the Jin Dynasty, they are also aliens, and they are a group of people who can be used but can not be reused. And in the process of working with other ethnic colleagues of Jin Dynasty, they were also despised and excluded. In a word, under the historical background of war and confrontation in Song and Jin dynasties, the indisputable status of the second minister of the Jin and Song dynasties made them "believe and be questioned", "loyal and slandered", and had to survive in distress and loss. The people of Jin and Song dynasties are the product of special historical conditions. Objectively speaking, their fate has certain inselectivity. National complex and political integrity are of course important. However, if we re-position them from the standpoint of the Chinese nation, we cannot deny that they objectively consolidated the rule of the Jin Dynasty and the development and progress of the Nuzhen people. Even the confrontation between the Song and Jin dynasties, the emergence and stability of the pattern of peaceful national exchange, and the development and evolution of the pattern of the pluralistic ethnic relations of the Chinese nation have made indelible contributions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K246.4

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