【摘要】：遺址資源域分析是研究古代人地關(guān)系演變的重要方法。通過運(yùn)用這種方法,在山東青島市東部的丁字灣-鰲山灣沿岸19處史前早期(距今約6200~5700年前)遺址進(jìn)行了深入的遺址資源域調(diào)查和分析。調(diào)查方法是參照西方同類研究的做法,從遺址中心出發(fā),向不同方向步行1小時路程,沿途詳細(xì)考察并記錄地層堆積和自然資源分布信息,以及體能消耗情況。在此基礎(chǔ)上,并運(yùn)用泰森多邊形分析法,討論這些遺址獲取生存資源的范圍,并就人地關(guān)系演變得出了如下認(rèn)識:1)這些遺址中約有13處獨(dú)立的定居聚落,其中10處位于當(dāng)時的沿海地帶,其余3處位于山地之中,5處沿海聚落還各自擁有另外1個附屬性聚落作為季節(jié)性捕撈或狩獵的營地,以獲取足夠的自然資源;2)這13處定居聚落都擁有自己的資源域,大致為從聚落出發(fā)1小時路程去圈定的地域范圍,面積一般為20~30km~2,半徑一般為2.5~3.5km,沿海聚落到達(dá)海邊的距離普遍不超過1km;3)資源域內(nèi)的自然資源比較豐富,聚落所需大多數(shù)生存資源都取自這一范圍,開發(fā)和利用這些資源的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式基本一致,可概括為采撈-狩獵為主的模式,農(nóng)業(yè)的比例較小,作為采撈和狩獵對象的野生動植物主要來自聚落周圍的海邊和山地中;4)這些定居聚落對生存資源的開發(fā)和利用是比較充分的,即這一時期的人地關(guān)系整體是比較和諧的,這應(yīng)該是該地區(qū)史前早期遺址數(shù)量眾多,從而構(gòu)成該地區(qū)整個史前時期聚落和人口最繁榮階段的原因所在。
[Abstract]:The analysis of site resource domain is an important method to study the evolution of ancient man-land relationship. By using this method, 19 sites of early prehistoric period (about 6200-5700 years ago) along the coast of Tingziwan-Aoshan Bay in eastern Qingdao City, Shandong Province, were investigated and analyzed in depth. The method of investigation is based on similar research practices in the West. On this basis, the Tyson polygon analysis method is used to discuss the scope of these sites to obtain survival resources, and the evolution of the relationship between man and land is as follows: 1) There are about 13 independent settlements in the site, of which 10 are located in the coastal zone at that time, the remaining 3 are located in the mountains, 5 are also attached to the coastal settlements as seasonal fishing or hunting camps to obtain adequate natural resources; 2) these 13 settlements have their own resource areas, mostly from the accumulation of resources. Settlement within an hour distance to delineate the geographical area, the area is generally 20-30 km-2, the radius is generally 2.5-3.5 km, the coastal settlement to the coastal distance generally does not exceed 1 km; 3) the natural resources within the resource area is relatively rich, the majority of the settlement needs for survival resources are taken from this area, the development and utilization of these resources economic model is basically the same. As a result, it can be summarized as a fishing-hunting-based model, the proportion of agriculture is small, wildlife as the object of fishing and hunting mainly comes from the seashore and mountain areas around the settlement; 4) these settlements on the development and utilization of living resources is more adequate, that is, the overall human-land relationship in this period is more harmonious, which should be The area has a large number of early prehistoric sites, which contributed to the entire prehistoric settlement and the most prosperous period of population.
【作者單位】： 山東大學(xué)歷史文化學(xué)院考古系;山東省地質(zhì)調(diào)查院;
【基金】：山東大學(xué)人文社會科學(xué)重大項(xiàng)目(批準(zhǔn)號:12RWZD09) 教育部“新世紀(jì)優(yōu)秀人才支撐計(jì)劃”共同資助
【分類號】：K878;C912.4

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