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  本文選題：偵查　切入點：偵查權　出處：《華東政法學院》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 我國的刑事訴訟程序框架中,偵查與起訴、審判成為刑事訴訟程序的三大重要階段之一。我國現(xiàn)行憲法及法律規(guī)定,檢察機關行使職務犯罪偵查權,對貪污賄賂及瀆職侵權等職務犯罪進行偵查。當前,我國法律理論界對于檢察職務犯罪偵查權存在著較大的爭議,同時在檢察機關的職務犯罪偵查權的行使過程中也存在著許多立法上、制度上或司法實踐上的問題。正確科學認識和合理配置我國的職務犯罪偵查權,對于檢察機關正確行使職務犯罪偵查權,嚴肅查辦貪污賄賂等嚴重職務犯罪,推進我國的反腐敗斗爭的深入開展,具有極其重要的現(xiàn)實意義。本文分四章對我國的職務犯罪偵查權進行了較為系統(tǒng)和全面的論述,正文共計30000余字。 要研究我國的職務犯罪偵查權問題,對其法律屬性的認識是必須首先解決的前提之一。偵查在刑事訴訟程序中的地位決定了偵查權的法律屬性,而偵查權的法律屬性也決定著偵查權之運行規(guī)律。我國學界對偵查權的概念及其法律屬性存在著不同的觀點,有行政權說、司法權說和雙重屬性說。同樣,學界對職務犯罪偵查權的法律屬性的認識,也存在著行政權說、監(jiān)督權說和司法權說的不同觀點。筆者認為,關于偵查權的法律屬性認識,應立足于本土法律制度和司法實踐,從偵查權在刑事訴訟程序的角度,分析其訴訟功能及法律地位。我國職務犯罪偵查權的實質仍屬于偵查權,同屬于司法權,與公安機關的刑事偵查權并無二致。 當然,在立足本土法律理論和基本國情的前提下,應堅持為我所用、有所取舍地利用和借鑒世界各國(地區(qū))的有益經驗及成果。綜觀世界上多數(shù)國家和地區(qū),主要是通過檢察機關行使,或主導職務犯罪偵查權,充分發(fā)揮了檢察機關的在反腐敗斗爭中的重要作用;或是設立專門的獨立性的反腐敗機構。但各類職務犯罪偵查機構的共同特征是專門性、獨立性及權威性。筆者通過各國制度的介紹和評析,以期拓展本文論述的視野和角度,也希望籍此了解更多的域外理論知識和研究成果。 筆者結合相關資料的收集或查閱,介紹了我國職務犯罪偵查權的歷史演變及現(xiàn)狀。從司法實踐的視角和初步認識,分析了我國職務犯罪偵查權制度存在的主要問題:首先是缺乏應有的司法獨立性,法律規(guī)定的檢察機關獨立司法原則并未得到落實;其次,偵查機構的設置缺乏專門性、統(tǒng)一性,偵查觀念、偵查能力和偵查水平不適應偵查工作需要;反腐敗機構缺乏權威性和法律威懾力;同時,職務犯罪偵查權缺乏有效的監(jiān)督制約機制,包括對立案、偵查措施、審查起訴的審查監(jiān)督不夠,尤其是強制措施司法審查制度的缺失,往往導致偵查活動中違法取證、非法搜查、侵犯人權等現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。 我國職務犯罪偵查權的合理配置及司法控制方面,筆者主要結合我國偵查學理論及司法實踐經驗,提出解決當前職務犯罪偵查權專門立法、機構配置、司法控制、監(jiān)督制約問題和司法實踐困境的途徑和設想。主要包括:立足本土法制傳統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)行憲政、法律框架,選擇適合我國國情的職務犯罪偵查權制度的方向;加強和完善我國職務犯罪偵查權的合理配置,建立適合的職務犯罪偵查權司法控制體系和機制;改革和完善職務犯罪偵查權的監(jiān)督制約機制,充分發(fā)揮律師在偵查階段的監(jiān)督制約作用,實現(xiàn)公平、公正司法和保障人權的統(tǒng)一。
[Abstract]:In China's criminal procedure frame, investigation and prosecution, the trial has become one of the three important stages of criminal proceedings. In our current constitution and law, the procuratorial organs to exercise the right of investigation of official offence, to investigate the official corruption and malfeasance and other crimes. When ago, China's legal theory exists the dispute regarding the right of investigation of official offence, and the procuratorial organs in the exercise of the right of investigation of official offence there are many legislation, system or judicial practice problems. The correct scientific understanding and rational allocation of our power to investigate the duty crime and procuratorial organs to correct exercise of the right of investigation of official offence, serious investigation the corruption and bribery and other serious crimes, promote China's anti-corruption struggle, has extremely important practical significance. This paper is divided into four chapters on China's duty crime investigation A more systematic and comprehensive discussion is carried out, with more than 30000 words in the text.
The duty crime detection power problems to study China's understanding of its legal attribute is the premise of legal status of property investigation in criminal proceedings determines the power of investigation, and the legal attribute of the right of investigation also determines the operation rules of the investigative right. I Ancient Chinese Literature Search circles on the concept of the investigative right and the attribute of law, there are different views, with administrative power, judicial power and the double attribute. Similarly, academic understanding of the duty crime investigation of the legal attribute, there are different views of the executive power, supervision power and judicial power. The author believes that the legal attribute of the right to know about the investigation. Should be based on the local legal system and judicial practice, the right of investigation from the perspective of criminal proceedings, to analyze the function of litigation and legal status. The right of investigation of official offence in our country still belongs to the right of investigation, belong to judicial power The public security organ, and the criminal investigation power is the same.
Of course, in the premise of theory based on local law and the basic conditions, should insist to use, have a choice to use and reference to other countries (regions) of the useful experience and results. In most countries and regions in the world, is mainly exercised by the procuratorial organs, or the leading right of investigation of official offence, give full play to the important role in anti corruption in the procuratorial organs; or the establishment of anti-corruption agencies independence. But the common characteristics of various types of special duty crime investigation agency is specialized, independent and authoritative. The author states the introduction and evaluation of the systems, in order to expand the vision and perspective, also hope to learn more foreign theoretical knowledge and research results.
The author of the collection of related data access, introduces the historical evolution and current situation of duty crime investigation right in our country. And the preliminary understanding from the angle of view of judicial practice, analyzes the main problems of duty crime investigation rights system in China: the first is the lack of judicial independence, the law of the procuratorial organ judicial independence principle is not to be implemented; secondly, the lack of special investigation agencies, unity, concept of investigation, investigation ability and investigation level does not meet the investigation needs; anti-corruption institutions lack of authority and legal deterrence; at the same time, the duty crime detection power the lack of effective supervision and restriction mechanism, including the filing, investigation measures, examination and prosecution the examination and supervision is not enough, especially the lack of coercive measures of judicial review system, often lead to illegal evidence, investigation activities in illegal search, violations of human rights and other phenomena.
The rational allocation of judicial control and occupational crime investigation power in our country, the author mainly with China's investigative theory and judicial practice, put forward to solve the current job-related crimes investigation of the right configuration, special legislation, judicial control, ways and ideas of supervision problems and difficulties. The judicial practice mainly includes: Based on the local tradition and current legal system the constitutional and legal framework, selection for our duty crime investigation system of the right direction; to strengthen and improve the reasonable allocation of the duty crime investigation right of our country, the establishment of job-related crimes investigation of the right to judicial control system and mechanism for the reform and perfection of the duty crime investigation; the supervision mechanism, give full play to achieve fairness in law restriction, supervision at the stage of investigation, judicial justice and protection of human rights.

【學位授予單位】：華東政法學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：D918;D926.3

【引證文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 高松林;崔小龍;;試論懲防一體化在職務犯罪偵查與預防銜接中的應用與完善[J];長江師范學院學報;2010年01期

相關碩士學位論文 前2條

1 劉雁翔;村官職務犯罪研究[D];南昌大學;2010年

2 宮新軍;中國“村官”職務犯罪研究[D];中國政法大學;2009年

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本文編號：1600323