【摘要】：近年來(lái)，低滲透儲(chǔ)層油氣藏逐漸成為世界石油產(chǎn)量增加的重要組成部分。由于低滲透油氣儲(chǔ)層具有“三低”（低豐度、低壓、低產(chǎn)）的特點(diǎn)，其開(kāi)發(fā)難度大，水力壓裂微震監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)是目前國(guó)內(nèi)外比較流行的一種改造低滲透油氣田的有效方法。準(zhǔn)確地獲取壓裂過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的裂縫方位和幾何形狀等信息可以優(yōu)化井網(wǎng)布置、優(yōu)化注水方案、對(duì)油氣產(chǎn)量進(jìn)行評(píng)估等，，有效地指導(dǎo)油氣田勘探開(kāi)發(fā)�，F(xiàn)場(chǎng)油氣田壓裂過(guò)程中，準(zhǔn)確地掌握水力裂縫的形態(tài)至關(guān)重要。目前，國(guó)內(nèi)在水力裂縫監(jiān)測(cè)方面開(kāi)展了很多工作，但在裂縫解釋方面的研究較少。本文基于水力壓裂微震監(jiān)測(cè)裂縫技術(shù)，以準(zhǔn)確解釋水力壓裂中裂縫的方位、幾何參數(shù)信息為研究目標(biāo)，結(jié)合壓裂現(xiàn)場(chǎng)地應(yīng)力分析對(duì)微震監(jiān)測(cè)反演出的震源點(diǎn)進(jìn)行裂縫輪廓描繪，確定出裂縫的延伸方向，并對(duì)其做出合理的解釋。本文提出的裂縫解釋方法在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)壓裂實(shí)驗(yàn)裂縫解釋中取得了理想的效果。 本文圍繞選題的依據(jù)和意義分別分析了水力壓裂裂縫監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)和微地震裂縫監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)在國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀。比較直接近井筒裂縫監(jiān)測(cè)、分布式聲傳感裂縫監(jiān)測(cè)和微震裂縫監(jiān)測(cè)等方法的裂縫監(jiān)測(cè)能力后，選擇微震監(jiān)測(cè)作為本文獲取裂縫信息的方法。 為實(shí)現(xiàn)課題的研究目標(biāo)，本文首先進(jìn)行了微震裂縫監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)的研究，分別對(duì)微震監(jiān)測(cè)的理論基礎(chǔ)、微震監(jiān)測(cè)方法選擇及微震監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)敘述，對(duì)微震裂縫監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了總體設(shè)計(jì)。由于水力壓裂裂縫的形態(tài)和方位與地應(yīng)力分布密切相關(guān)，本文對(duì)地應(yīng)力相關(guān)技術(shù)進(jìn)行了研究。從地應(yīng)力的基本概念入手，總結(jié)了其分布規(guī)律、影響因素及獲取方法。本文重點(diǎn)分析了壓裂裂縫產(chǎn)生機(jī)理和其形態(tài)的影響因素。從力學(xué)的角度研究了壓裂裂縫的造縫機(jī)理，在理論上給出產(chǎn)生垂直裂縫與水平裂縫的條件。在裂縫形態(tài)的眾多影響因素中，系統(tǒng)地分析了地應(yīng)力、斷層、天然裂縫以及井底壓力曲線對(duì)水力裂縫形態(tài)的影響。最后，針對(duì)山西省婁煩縣開(kāi)展的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)水力壓裂微震監(jiān)測(cè)裂縫實(shí)驗(yàn)，對(duì)壓裂區(qū)域現(xiàn)場(chǎng)地應(yīng)力進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)分析，通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)域的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)地應(yīng)力狀態(tài)與微震監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果相結(jié)合確定出了裂縫的延伸方向和輪廓，計(jì)算出裂縫幾何參數(shù)�，F(xiàn)場(chǎng)壓裂實(shí)驗(yàn)中，通過(guò)地應(yīng)力狀態(tài)分析出的裂縫延伸方向與微震監(jiān)測(cè)獲取的裂縫方向是相符的。
[Abstract]:In recent years, low permeability reservoirs have gradually become an important part of the increase of world oil production. Because low permeability oil and gas reservoirs have the characteristics of "three low" (low abundance, low pressure and low production), it is difficult to develop them. Hydraulic fracturing microseismic monitoring technology is an effective method for reforming low permeability oil and gas fields at home and abroad. Accurately obtaining the information of fracture azimuth and geometric shape during fracturing can optimize well pattern layout, optimize water injection scheme, evaluate oil and gas production, and effectively guide exploration and development of oil and gas fields. It is very important to accurately understand the shape of hydraulic fracture during field fracturing. At present, a lot of work has been done in hydraulic fracture monitoring in China, but there are few researches on fracture interpretation. Based on the fracture monitoring technology of hydraulic fracturing microseismic, with the aim of accurately explaining the orientation and geometric parameter information of fracture in hydraulic fracturing, and combining with in-situ stress analysis on the site of fracturing, this paper describes the fracture profile of the source point of microseismic monitoring reverse performance. The extension direction of the fracture is determined and reasonable explanation is made. The fracture interpretation method proposed in this paper has achieved ideal results in fracture interpretation of field fracturing experiments. In this paper, the research status of hydraulic fracturing fracture monitoring technology and micro-seismic fracture monitoring technology at home and abroad is analyzed according to the basis and significance of the selected topic. After comparing the ability of direct near wellbore fracture monitoring, distributed acoustic sensing fracture monitoring and microseismic fracture monitoring, microseismic monitoring is selected as the method of obtaining fracture information in this paper. In order to realize the research goal of the subject, this paper first carries on the research of the microseismic crack monitoring technology, respectively to the microseismic monitoring theory foundation, the microseismic monitoring method choice and the microseismic monitoring system has carried on the detailed description. The overall design of microseismic crack monitoring system is carried out. Because the shape and orientation of hydraulic fracturing fracture are closely related to the distribution of in-situ stress, the in-situ stress correlation technology is studied in this paper. Starting with the basic concept of in-situ stress, the distribution law, influencing factors and obtaining methods are summarized. In this paper, the formation mechanism of fracturing fracture and the influencing factors of its shape are analyzed. The fracture forming mechanism of fracturing fracture is studied from the point of view of mechanics, and the conditions for producing vertical fracture and horizontal fracture are given theoretically. Among the many influencing factors of fracture form, the influence of ground stress, fault, natural fracture and bottom hole pressure curve on hydraulic fracture morphology is analyzed systematically. Finally, according to the field hydraulic fracturing microseismic monitoring fracture experiment carried out in Loufan County, Shanxi Province, the in-situ stress in the fracturing area is analyzed in detail. By combining the in-situ stress state of the experimental area with the results of microseismic monitoring, the extension direction and contour of the fracture are determined, and the geometric parameters of the fracture are calculated. In the field fracturing experiment, the fracture extension direction analyzed by in-situ stress state is consistent with the fracture direction obtained by microseismic monitoring.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE357.11

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