發(fā)布時間：2018-11-03 16:36

【摘要】：近年來，低滲透儲層油氣藏逐漸成為世界石油產(chǎn)量增加的重要組成部分。由于低滲透油氣儲層具有“三低”（低豐度、低壓、低產(chǎn)）的特點，其開發(fā)難度大，水力壓裂微震監(jiān)測技術(shù)是目前國內(nèi)外比較流行的一種改造低滲透油氣田的有效方法。準確地獲取壓裂過程中產(chǎn)生的裂縫方位和幾何形狀等信息可以優(yōu)化井網(wǎng)布置、優(yōu)化注水方案、對油氣產(chǎn)量進行評估等，，有效地指導油氣田勘探開發(fā)�，F(xiàn)場油氣田壓裂過程中，準確地掌握水力裂縫的形態(tài)至關(guān)重要。目前，國內(nèi)在水力裂縫監(jiān)測方面開展了很多工作，但在裂縫解釋方面的研究較少。本文基于水力壓裂微震監(jiān)測裂縫技術(shù)，以準確解釋水力壓裂中裂縫的方位、幾何參數(shù)信息為研究目標，結(jié)合壓裂現(xiàn)場地應(yīng)力分析對微震監(jiān)測反演出的震源點進行裂縫輪廓描繪，確定出裂縫的延伸方向，并對其做出合理的解釋。本文提出的裂縫解釋方法在現(xiàn)場壓裂實驗裂縫解釋中取得了理想的效果。 本文圍繞選題的依據(jù)和意義分別分析了水力壓裂裂縫監(jiān)測技術(shù)和微地震裂縫監(jiān)測技術(shù)在國內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀。比較直接近井筒裂縫監(jiān)測、分布式聲傳感裂縫監(jiān)測和微震裂縫監(jiān)測等方法的裂縫監(jiān)測能力后，選擇微震監(jiān)測作為本文獲取裂縫信息的方法。 為實現(xiàn)課題的研究目標，本文首先進行了微震裂縫監(jiān)測技術(shù)的研究，分別對微震監(jiān)測的理論基礎(chǔ)、微震監(jiān)測方法選擇及微震監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)進行了詳細敘述，對微震裂縫監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)進行了總體設(shè)計。由于水力壓裂裂縫的形態(tài)和方位與地應(yīng)力分布密切相關(guān)，本文對地應(yīng)力相關(guān)技術(shù)進行了研究。從地應(yīng)力的基本概念入手，總結(jié)了其分布規(guī)律、影響因素及獲取方法。本文重點分析了壓裂裂縫產(chǎn)生機理和其形態(tài)的影響因素。從力學的角度研究了壓裂裂縫的造縫機理，在理論上給出產(chǎn)生垂直裂縫與水平裂縫的條件。在裂縫形態(tài)的眾多影響因素中，系統(tǒng)地分析了地應(yīng)力、斷層、天然裂縫以及井底壓力曲線對水力裂縫形態(tài)的影響。最后，針對山西省婁煩縣開展的現(xiàn)場水力壓裂微震監(jiān)測裂縫實驗，對壓裂區(qū)域現(xiàn)場地應(yīng)力進行了詳細分析，通過實驗區(qū)域的現(xiàn)場地應(yīng)力狀態(tài)與微震監(jiān)測結(jié)果相結(jié)合確定出了裂縫的延伸方向和輪廓，計算出裂縫幾何參數(shù)�，F(xiàn)場壓裂實驗中，通過地應(yīng)力狀態(tài)分析出的裂縫延伸方向與微震監(jiān)測獲取的裂縫方向是相符的。
[Abstract]:In recent years, low permeability reservoirs have gradually become an important part of the increase of world oil production. Because low permeability oil and gas reservoirs have the characteristics of "three low" (low abundance, low pressure and low production), it is difficult to develop them. Hydraulic fracturing microseismic monitoring technology is an effective method for reforming low permeability oil and gas fields at home and abroad. Accurately obtaining the information of fracture azimuth and geometric shape during fracturing can optimize well pattern layout, optimize water injection scheme, evaluate oil and gas production, and effectively guide exploration and development of oil and gas fields. It is very important to accurately understand the shape of hydraulic fracture during field fracturing. At present, a lot of work has been done in hydraulic fracture monitoring in China, but there are few researches on fracture interpretation. Based on the fracture monitoring technology of hydraulic fracturing microseismic, with the aim of accurately explaining the orientation and geometric parameter information of fracture in hydraulic fracturing, and combining with in-situ stress analysis on the site of fracturing, this paper describes the fracture profile of the source point of microseismic monitoring reverse performance. The extension direction of the fracture is determined and reasonable explanation is made. The fracture interpretation method proposed in this paper has achieved ideal results in fracture interpretation of field fracturing experiments. In this paper, the research status of hydraulic fracturing fracture monitoring technology and micro-seismic fracture monitoring technology at home and abroad is analyzed according to the basis and significance of the selected topic. After comparing the ability of direct near wellbore fracture monitoring, distributed acoustic sensing fracture monitoring and microseismic fracture monitoring, microseismic monitoring is selected as the method of obtaining fracture information in this paper. In order to realize the research goal of the subject, this paper first carries on the research of the microseismic crack monitoring technology, respectively to the microseismic monitoring theory foundation, the microseismic monitoring method choice and the microseismic monitoring system has carried on the detailed description. The overall design of microseismic crack monitoring system is carried out. Because the shape and orientation of hydraulic fracturing fracture are closely related to the distribution of in-situ stress, the in-situ stress correlation technology is studied in this paper. Starting with the basic concept of in-situ stress, the distribution law, influencing factors and obtaining methods are summarized. In this paper, the formation mechanism of fracturing fracture and the influencing factors of its shape are analyzed. The fracture forming mechanism of fracturing fracture is studied from the point of view of mechanics, and the conditions for producing vertical fracture and horizontal fracture are given theoretically. Among the many influencing factors of fracture form, the influence of ground stress, fault, natural fracture and bottom hole pressure curve on hydraulic fracture morphology is analyzed systematically. Finally, according to the field hydraulic fracturing microseismic monitoring fracture experiment carried out in Loufan County, Shanxi Province, the in-situ stress in the fracturing area is analyzed in detail. By combining the in-situ stress state of the experimental area with the results of microseismic monitoring, the extension direction and contour of the fracture are determined, and the geometric parameters of the fracture are calculated. In the field fracturing experiment, the fracture extension direction analyzed by in-situ stress state is consistent with the fracture direction obtained by microseismic monitoring.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE357.11

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 陳祖斌;滕吉文;林君;張林行;;BSR-2寬頻帶地震記錄儀的研制[J];地球物理學報;2006年05期

2 康紅普;林健;顏立新;張曉;吳擁政;司林坡;;山西煤礦礦區(qū)井下地應(yīng)力場分布特征研究[J];地球物理學報;2009年07期

3 萬天豐;構(gòu)造應(yīng)力場研究的新進展[J];地學前緣;1995年02期

4 王晨龍;程玖兵;尹陳;劉鴻;;地面與井中觀測條件下的微地震干涉逆時定位算法[J];地球物理學報;2013年09期

5 鄔愛清;朱杰兵;;深部巖石工程力學特性及地應(yīng)力測試研究綜述[J];長江科學院院報;2014年10期

6 宋維琪;徐奔奔;喻志超;秦fE;張宇;;基于各向異性分析的微地震震源矢量場重建和裂縫解釋[J];地球物理學報;2015年02期

7 鄧燕;王強;;判定現(xiàn)今局部應(yīng)力方向的一種新方法[J];煤田地質(zhì)與勘探;2011年04期

8 呂世超;郭曉中;賈立坤;;水力壓裂井中微地震監(jiān)測資料處理與解釋[J];油氣藏評價與開發(fā);2013年06期

9 王憲花;蔣衛(wèi)東;高穎;趙玉紅;;寧武盆地煤層氣勘探現(xiàn)狀及試采效果[J];天然氣工業(yè);2008年03期

10 賈利春;陳勉;金衍;;國外頁巖氣井水力壓裂裂縫監(jiān)測技術(shù)進展[J];天然氣與石油;2012年01期

相關(guān)博士學位論文 前3條

1 王愛國;微地震監(jiān)測與模擬技術(shù)在裂縫研究中的應(yīng)用[D];中國石油大學;2008年

2 呂昊;基于油田壓裂微地震監(jiān)測的震相識別與震源定位方法研究[D];吉林大學;2012年

3 冉利民;鎮(zhèn)涇油田地應(yīng)力研究及其應(yīng)用[D];中國地質(zhì)大學;2014年

本文編號：2308333