發(fā)布時間：2018-11-03 16:28

【摘要】：深部地層鉆井提速是制約深部油氣資源勘探開發(fā)的主要技術(shù)瓶頸之一。近年來,以空氣錘、扭力沖擊器、液動沖擊器等為代表的動-靜耦合沖擊破巖工具在深井鉆井提速技術(shù)上已經(jīng)展現(xiàn)出顯著的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢。但是,巖石作為一種應(yīng)變率敏感材料,在深部復(fù)雜地應(yīng)力環(huán)境下受高應(yīng)變率沖擊載荷作用后,其破壞行為是十分復(fù)雜的。因此,有必要對動-靜耦合沖擊破巖工具在深部地層的破巖機(jī)理進(jìn)行深入研究,為改善破巖技術(shù)、尋求高效破巖新方法提供理論支撐。 本論文以四川須家河組致密砂巖作為研究對象,以靜態(tài)巖石力學(xué)實驗、SHPB動態(tài)巖石力學(xué)實驗以及ANSYS-AUTODYN非線性顯式動力學(xué)仿真為研究手段,對模擬井下單齒沖擊破巖后巖石破碎特征、能量轉(zhuǎn)換和耗散規(guī)律、裂紋擴(kuò)展情況等進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)地研究,形成了適用于致密砂巖動-靜耦合沖擊破巖方式的巖石破碎特征定量評價方法。本論文完成的主要研究內(nèi)容如下： (1)通過靜態(tài)巖石力學(xué)實驗和SHPB動態(tài)巖石力學(xué)實驗,獲得了Johnson-Holmquist損傷本構(gòu)模型全部參數(shù),奠定了致密砂巖作為非線性顯式動力學(xué)仿真材料的實驗基礎(chǔ)。 (2)利用改進(jìn)SHPB裝置,完成了常規(guī)單齒沖擊破巖實驗,基于分形理論對動-靜耦合沖擊載荷作用下的巖石破碎特征進(jìn)行了分析,并基于彈性力學(xué)理論探討了巖石破碎的能量轉(zhuǎn)換和耗散理論模型,為后期仿真實驗數(shù)據(jù)處理奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)。 (3)利用ANSYS-AUTODYN線性顯式動力學(xué)軟件對SHPB動態(tài)巖石力學(xué)實驗進(jìn)行了仿真,驗證和優(yōu)化了損傷本構(gòu)模型參數(shù),同時完成了高圍壓Johnson-Holmquist下巖石動態(tài)力學(xué)性能參數(shù)仿真研究,建立了動靜態(tài)巖石力學(xué)特征參數(shù)的聲波測井解釋統(tǒng)計模型。(4)利用／ 非線性顯式動力學(xué)軟件,對模擬井底壓力下單齒動-ANSYS-AUTODYN靜耦合沖擊破巖進(jìn)行了仿真研究,重點(diǎn)分析了單齒沖擊速度、井底圍壓、井筒液柱壓力以及壓入靜載對巖石裂紋擴(kuò)展、破碎坑體積、破碎比能以及能量轉(zhuǎn)換與耗散規(guī)律的影響。通過本論文研究,為致密砂巖層動-靜耦合沖擊破巖機(jī)理研究奠定了實驗基礎(chǔ),為 改善和優(yōu)化深井高效破巖方法提供了理論支撐。
[Abstract]:Increasing drilling speed in deep formation is one of the main technical bottlenecks restricting the exploration and development of deep oil and gas resources. In recent years, air-hammer, torsional impactor, hydraulic impactor and so on have shown remarkable technical advantages in deep well drilling speed raising technology. However, as a strain rate-sensitive material, the failure behavior of rock is very complicated when it is subjected to high strain rate impact loading under the complex in-situ stress environment. Therefore, it is necessary to study the rock breaking mechanism of dynamic and static coupling impact rock breaking tools in deep strata in order to provide theoretical support for improving rock breaking technology and seeking new methods of high efficiency rock breaking. In this paper, the dense sandstone of Xujiahe formation in Sichuan Province is taken as the research object, the static rock mechanics experiment, the SHPB dynamic rock mechanics experiment and the ANSYS-AUTODYN nonlinear explicit dynamic simulation are taken as the research means. The characteristics of rock breakage, energy conversion and dissipation, crack propagation and so on are systematically studied in this paper. A quantitative evaluation method of rock breakage characteristics is developed, which is suitable for dynamic and static coupling rock breaking of tight sandstone. The main contents of this thesis are as follows: (1) through static rock mechanics experiment and SHPB dynamic rock mechanics experiment, all parameters of Johnson-Holmquist damage constitutive model are obtained. The experimental foundation of dense sandstone as nonlinear explicit dynamic simulation material is established. (2) by using the improved SHPB device, the rock breakage characteristics of rock under dynamic and static coupling impact loads are analyzed based on fractal theory. Based on the elastic theory, the energy conversion and dissipation model of rock breakage is discussed, which lays a theoretical foundation for the later simulation experiment data processing. (3) the dynamic rock mechanics experiments of SHPB are simulated by ANSYS-AUTODYN linear explicit dynamics software, and the damage constitutive model parameters are verified and optimized. At the same time, the dynamic mechanical properties of rock under high confining pressure Johnson-Holmquist are simulated. A statistical model of acoustic logging interpretation of dynamic and static rock mechanical characteristic parameters is established. (4) the simulation of rock burst by simulating the bottom hole pressure sending out order tooth movement and ANSYS-AUTODYN static coupling impact is carried out by using / nonlinear explicit dynamic software. The effects of single tooth impact velocity, bottom hole confining pressure, wellbore fluid column pressure and static loading on crack propagation, crashing pit volume, crushing specific energy, energy conversion and dissipation are analyzed. Through the research in this paper, the experimental foundation is established for the study of dynamic and static coupling rock breaking mechanism of tight sandstone layers, and the theoretical support is provided for improving and optimizing the high efficiency rock breaking method in deep wells.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE21

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