盾蚧亞科Diaspidinae是盾蚧科Diaspididae最大的亞科,目前被分為4族230屬,其中中國分布有2族45屬。該亞科昆蟲均為植食性,很多是重要的農(nóng)林害蟲。然而,有關(guān)中國盾蚧亞科的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育研究較少,大部分屬的單系性未得到證實,屬間特征間斷模糊,系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系不明。因此,開展盾蚧亞科的分類及系統(tǒng)發(fā)育研究對于了解該類群的進(jìn)化乃至整個盾蚧科的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育都具有重要的意義。本研究基于中國盾蚧亞科標(biāo)本,綜合形態(tài)學(xué)和分子數(shù)據(jù),獲得以下研究結(jié)果:1)選取盾蚧亞科83個形態(tài)特征,以圓盾蚧亞科的橘紅腎圓盾蚧Aonidiella aurantii和圓盾蚧Aspidiotus nerii作為外群,以盾蚧亞科19屬60種作為內(nèi)群,采用最大簡約法,構(gòu)建了系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹。結(jié)果表明,盾蚧亞科主要分為圍盾蚧族Fiorinidini和盾蚧族Diaspidini,主要區(qū)分特征是雌成蟲是否為隱雌型。同時可以看出該亞科盡管某些形態(tài)上定義的屬是單系的,但更多的是非單系的。2)選取核基因EF-1α、線粒體基因COI-COII和核糖體基因28S,對盾蚧亞科19屬78種96個樣本進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)發(fā)育分析,以蚧總科其它6科10屬作為外群,分別...

【文章頁數(shù)】：334 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
基金項目
摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 文獻(xiàn)綜述
    1.1 盾蚧科分類系統(tǒng)概況
    1.2 盾蚧亞科分類現(xiàn)狀
    1.3 盾蚧科系統(tǒng)發(fā)育研究概況
    1.4 生物學(xué)及經(jīng)濟(jì)意義
        1.4.1 生活史
        1.4.2 食性
        1.4.3 繁殖
        1.4.4 經(jīng)濟(jì)意義
    1.5 研究目標(biāo)及意義
第二章 盾蚧亞科的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育研究
    2.1 引言
    2.2 形態(tài)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育
        2.2.1 材料選取
        2.2.2 分類特征選取
        2.2.3 形態(tài)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹的構(gòu)建
    2.3 分子系統(tǒng)發(fā)育
        2.3.1 材料選取
        2.3.2 基因組總DNA的提取
        2.3.3 PCR擴(kuò)增和測序
        2.3.4 序列組成與分析
        2.3.5 分子系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹構(gòu)建
        2.3.6 最大似然法Maximum likelihood(ML)構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹
        2.3.7 貝葉斯法Bayesian inference(BI)構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹
    2.4 結(jié)果與分析
        2.4.1 堿基序列分析結(jié)果
        2.4.2 系統(tǒng)發(fā)育結(jié)果與分析
第三章 中國盾蚧亞科分類
    3.1 研究材料
    3.2 介殼蟲永久玻片標(biāo)本的制作方法
    3.3 觀察、繪圖和照相
    3.4 分類特征
    3.5 盾蚧亞科分類描述
        3.5.1 盾蚧族Diaspidini Targioni Tozzetti, 1868
            3.5.1.1 雪盾蚧亞族Chionaspidina Brues & Melander, 1932
                3.5.1.1.1 愛圍盾蚧屬Afiorinia Takagi, 1970
                    1)愛圍盾蚧Afiorinia hirashimai Takagi, 1970
                3.5.1.1.2 白輪蚧屬Aulacaspis Cockerell, 1893
                    2)楓白輪蚧Aulacaspis aceris Takahashi, 1935
                    3)山油柑白輪蚧Aulacaspis acronychiae Takagi & Martin, 2010
                    4)獼猴桃白輪蚧Aulacaspis actinidiae Takagi, 1970
                    5)黃肉楠白輪蚧Aulacaspis actinodaphnes Takagi, 1970
                    6)阿里山白輪蚧Aulacaspis alisiana Takagi, 1970
                    7)高原白輪蚧Aulacaspis altiplagae Chen, 1983
                    8)大缺白輪蚧Aulacaspis amamiana Takagi, 1961
                    9)距白輪蚧Aulacaspis calcarata Takagi, 1999
                    10)肉桂白輪蚧Aulacaspis cinnamomicola (Takahashi, 1935)
                    11)柑桔白輪蚧Aulacaspis citri Chen, 1954
                    12)牛奶子白輪蚧Aulacaspis crawii (Cockerell, 1898)
                    13)胡頹子白輪蚧Aulacaspis difficilis (Cockerell, 1896)
                    14)荻白輪蚧Aulacaspis divergens (Takahashi, 1935)
                    15)杜鵑白輪蚧Aulacaspis ericacearum Takagi, 1961
                    16)灰莉白輪蚧Aulacaspis fagraeae (Green, 1896)
                    17)費氏白輪蚧Aulacaspis ferrisi Scott, 1952
                    18)臺灣白輪蚧Aulacaspis formosana (Takahashi, 1934)
                    19)福州白輪蚧Aulacaspis fuzhouensis Tang, 1986
                    20)玉桂白輪蚧Aulacaspis greeni Takahashi, 1934
                    21)廣東白輪蚧Aulacaspis guangdongensis Chen, Wu & Su, 1980
                    22)耳草白輪蚧Aulacaspis hedyotidis (Green, 1899)
                    23)鉤樟白輪蚧Aulacaspis ima Scott, 1952
                    24)錐腹白輪蚧Aulacaspis intermedia Chen Wu & Su, 1980
                    25)江蘇白輪蚧Aulacaspis jiangsuensis Zhou, Zhao, Liu, Fu & Guo, 2011
                    26)蚊母樹白輪蚧Aulacaspis latissima (Cockerell, 1897)
                    27)木姜白輪蚧Aulacaspis litseae Tang, 1986
                    28)木姜子白輪蚧Aulacaspis litzeae (Green, 1896)
                    29)龍眼白輪蚧Aulacaspis longanae Chen, Wu & Su, 1980
                    30)楨楠白輪蚧Aulacaspis machili (Takahashi, 1931)
                    31)甘蔗白輪蚧Aulacaspis madiunensis (Zehntner, 1898)
                    32)杜莖山白輪蚧Aulacaspis maesae Takagi, 1970
                    33)大葉白輪蚧Aulacaspis megaloba Scott, 1952
                    34)烏桕白輪蚧Aulacaspis mischocarpi (Cockerell & Robinson, 1914)
                    35)九里香白輪蚧Aulacaspis murrayae Takahashi, 1931
                    36)新刺白輪蚧Aulacaspis neospinosa Tang, 1986
                    37)梁王茶白輪蚧Aulacaspis nitida Scott, 1952
                    38)矩圓白輪蚧Aulacaspis oblonga (Chen, 1983)
                    39)楠木白輪蚧Aulacaspis phoebicola Takahashi, 1936
                    40)香椿白輪蚧Aulacaspis projecta Takagi, 1961
                    41)擬刺白輪蚧Aulacaspis pseudospinosa Chen, Wu & Su, 1980
                    42)葡白輪蚧Aulacaspis pudica (Ferris, 1953)
                    43)紫金牛白輪蚧Aulacaspis robusta Takahashi, 1931
                    44)玫瑰白輪蚧Aulacaspis rosae (Bouché, 1833)
                    45)月季白輪蚧Aulacaspis rosarum Borchsenius, 1958
                    46)懸鉤子白輪蚧Aulacaspis saigusai Takagi, 1970
                    47)檫木白輪蚧Aulacaspis sassafris Chen, Wu & Su, 1980
                    48)千字形白輪蚧Aulacaspis schizosoma (Takagi, 1970)
                    49)新木姜白輪蚧Aulacaspis sirodamo Takagi, 2014
                    50)菝葜白輪蚧Aulacaspis spinosa (Maskell, 1897)
                    51)直葛白輪蚧Aulacaspis tegalensis (Zehntner, 1898)
                    52)杧果白輪蚧Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead, 1906
                    53)香葉樹白輪蚧Aulacaspis uenoi (Takagi, 1970)
                    54)葡萄白輪蚧Aulacaspis vitis (Green, 1896)
                    55)樟白輪蚧Aulacaspis yabunikkei Kuwana, 1926
                    56)泰國白輪蚧Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi, 1977
                    57)云南白輪蚧Aulacaspis yunnanensis (Feng, Wang, Li & Chou, 2004)
                    58)遵義白輪蚧Aulacaspis zunyiensis Wei & Jing, 2016
                3.5.1.1.3 卡梅盾蚧屬Cameronaspis Takagi, Pong & Ghee, 1988
                    59)楊桐卡梅盾蚧Cameronaspis adinandrae Takagi, Pong & Ghee, 1988
                3.5.1.1.4 雪盾蚧屬Chionaspis Signoret, 1868
                    60)尖葉雪盾蚧Chionaspis acuta Danzig, 1976
                    61)無棘雪盾蚧Chionaspis agranulata Chen, 1983
                    62)榿木雪盾蚧Chionaspis alnus Kuwana, 1928
                    63)香樟雪盾蚧Chionaspis camphora (Chen, 1983)
                    64)櫟雪盾蚧Chionaspis dryina (Ferris, 1953)
                    65)榕沅雪盾蚧Chionaspis ficus (Young, 1986)comb.nov.
                    66)耿馬雪盾蚧Chionaspis gengmaensis (Chen, 1983)
                    67)華櫟雪盾蚧Chionaspis gracilis (Takagi & Tang, 1982)
                    68)釣樟雪盾蚧Chionaspis linderae Takahashi, 1952
                    69)楨楠雪盾蚧Chionaspis machilicola (Takahashi, 1935)
                    70)碩軛雪盾蚧Chionaspis megazygosis Chen, 1983
                    71)擬孟雪盾蚧Chionaspis montanoides Tang & Li, 1986
                    72)倒槌雪盾蚧Chionaspis obclavata Chen, 1983
                    73)木樨雪盾蚧Chionaspis osmanthi (Ferris, 1953)
                    74)青?雪盾蚧Chionaspis rotunda (Takahashi, 1935)
                    75)埼玉雪盾蚧Chionaspis saitamaensis Kuwana, 1928
                    76)柳雪盾蚧Chionaspis salicis (Linnaeus, 1758)
                    77)蜀雪盾蚧Chionaspis sichuanensis (Chen, 1983)
                    78)槭雪盾蚧Chionaspis sozanica Takahashi, 1933
                    79)準(zhǔn)圓雪盾蚧Chionaspis subrotunda (Chen, 1983)
                    80)昆欄樹雪盾蚧Chionaspis trochodendri (Takahashi, 1936)
                    81)紫藤雪盾蚧Chionaspis wistariae Cooley, 1897
                3.5.1.1.5 兜盾蚧屬Duplachionaspis Mac Gillivray, 1921
                    82)芒兜盾蚧Duplachionaspis divergens (Green, 1899)
                    83)福建兜盾蚧Duplachionaspis fujianensis Chen, 1983
                    84)蘆葦兜盾蚧Duplachionaspis graminella (Borchsenius, 1949)
                    85)谷粒兜盾蚧Duplachionaspis graminis (Green, 1896)
                    86)鈍葉草兜盾蚧Duplachionaspis natalensis (Maskell, 1896)
                    87)近圓兜盾蚧Duplachionaspis rotundata Chen, 1983
                    88)甘蔗兜盾蚧Duplachionaspis saccharifolii (Zehntner, 1897)
                    89)雜草兜盾蚧Duplachionaspis subtilis Borchsenius, 1958
                3.5.1.1.6 貴盾蚧屬Guizhoaspis Young, 1986
                    90)草根貴盾蚧Guizhoaspis subterranea Young, 1986
                3.5.1.1.7 絮盾蚧屬Myrtaspis Takagi, 1999
                    91)蒲桃絮盾蚧Myrtaspis jambosicola (Tang, 1986)
                    92)莆田絮盾蚧Myrtaspis putianensis (Tang, 1986)
                3.5.1.1.8 新櫟盾蚧屬Neoquernaspis Howell & Takagi, 1981
                    93)石柯新櫟盾蚧Neoquernaspis beshearae Liu & Tippins, 1988
                    94)九龍新櫟盾蚧Neoquernaspis chiulungensis (Takagi, 1977)
                    95)海南新櫟盾蚧Neoquernaspis hainanensis (Hu, 1985)
                    96)細(xì)管新櫟盾蚧Neoquernaspis leptosipha Zeng, 2001
                    97)新櫟盾蚧Neoquernaspis lithocarpi (Takahashi, 1931)
                    98)尼泊爾新櫟盾蚧Neoquernaspis nepalensis (Takagi, 1977)
                    99)櫟新櫟盾蚧Neoquernaspis quercus (Hu, 1985)
                    100)騰街新櫟盾蚧Neoquernaspis tengjiensis (Hu, 1984)
                    101)鉤新新櫟盾蚧Neoquernaspis unciformis Jiang & Chen, 1984
                3.5.1.1.9 并盾蚧屬Pinnaspis Cockerell, 1892
                    102)柑桔并盾蚧Pinnaspis aspidistrae (Signoret, 1869)
                    103)黃楊并盾蚧Pinnaspis buxi (Bouché, 1851)
                    104)茉莉并盾蚧Pinnaspis exercitata (Green, 1896)
                    105)額瘤并盾蚧Pinnaspis frontalis Takagi, 1970
                    106)海南并盾蚧Pinnaspis hainnanensis Tang, 1986
                    107)木槿并盾蚧Pinnaspis hibisci Takagi, 1970
                    108)日本并盾蚧Pinnaspis hikosana Takagi, 1961
                    109)梾木并盾蚧Pinnaspis indivisa Ferris, 1950
                    110)檜并盾蚧Pinnaspis juniperi Takahashi, 1956
                    111)柃木并盾蚧Pinnaspis liui Takagi, 1970
                    112)香蕉并盾蚧Pinnaspis muntingi Takagi, 1965
                    113)擬額瘤并盾蚧Pinnaspis pseudotuberculatus Feng, Wang, Li & Chou, 2004
                    114)榕并盾蚧Pinnaspis shirozui Takagi, 1970
                    115)棉并盾蚧Pinnaspis strachani (Cooley, 1899)
                    116)茶并盾蚧Pinnaspis theae (Maskell, 1891)
                    117)額瘤并盾蚧Pinnaspis tuberculata Tang, 1986
                    118)單瓣并盾蚧Pinnaspis uniloba (Kuwana, 1909)
                    119)寬并盾蚧Pinnaspis yamamotoi Takagi, 1965
                3.5.1.1.10 鋸齊盾蚧屬Serrachionaspis Young, 1986
                    120)蘆干鋸齊盾蚧Serrachionaspis phragmitis Young, 1986
                3.5.1.1.11 晉盾蚧屬Shansiaspis Tang, 1981
                    121)卵圓晉盾蚧Shansiaspis ovalis Chen, 1983
                    122)晉盾蚧Shansiaspis sinensis Tang, 1981
            3.5.1.2 圍盾蚧亞族Fioriniina Targioni Tozzetti, 1868
                3.5.1.2.1 異齊盾蚧屬Achionaspis Takagi, 1970
                    123)異齊盾蚧Achionaspis kanoi Takagi, 1970
                    124)海南異齊盾蚧Achionaspis hainanensis Hu, 1986
                3.5.1.2.2 厄圍盾蚧屬Epifiorinia Takagi, 1970
                    125)厄圍盾蚧Epifiorinia tsugae Takagi, 1970
                3.5.1.2.3 圍盾蚧屬Fiorinia Targioni Tozzetti, 1868
                    126)桄榔圍盾蚧Fiorinia arengae Takahashi, 1934
                    127)油茶圍盾蚧Fiorinia camelleosae Young, 1987
                    128)橙圍盾蚧Fiorinia citri Young, 1987
                    129)杉圍盾蚧Fiorinia cunninghamiana Young, 1987
                    130)鼎湖圍盾蚧Fiorinia dinghuensis Wei & Feng, 2013
                    131)衛(wèi)矛圍盾蚧Fiorinia euonymi Young, 1987
                    132)柏圍盾蚧Fiorinia externa Ferris, 1942
                    133)魚尾圍盾蚧Fiorinia ficicola (Takahashsi, 1931)
                    134)圍盾蚧Fiorinia fioriniae (Targioni Tozzetti, 1867)
                    135)珍珠蓮圍盾蚧Fiorinia formosensis Takahashi, 1933
                    136)福州圍盾蚧Fiorinia fuzhouensis Young, 1987
                    137)柃木圍盾蚧Fiorinia hisakakii Takahashi, 1936
                    138)和圍盾蚧Fiorinia horii Kuwana, 1927
                    139)日本圍盾蚧Fiorinia japonica Kuwana, 1902
                    140)油杉圍盾蚧Fiorinia keteleeriae Young, 1987
                    141)鉤樟圍盾蚧Fiorinia linderae Ta...



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