發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-04 01:04

  本文選題：露井聯(lián)采 + 臺(tái)階爆破��； 參考：《北京科技大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：露井聯(lián)合開(kāi)采條件下,兩種開(kāi)采方法的采動(dòng)影響域的相互重疊表現(xiàn)為一種采動(dòng)效應(yīng)對(duì)另一個(gè)平衡體系的干擾或作用,使得兩種開(kāi)挖體系之間相互誘發(fā)或相互制約,從而組成一個(gè)復(fù)合動(dòng)態(tài)變化系統(tǒng)。由于井工與露天礦之間的特殊布置關(guān)系,導(dǎo)致露天與井工復(fù)合采動(dòng)巷道穩(wěn)定性問(wèn)題較為復(fù)雜。在已采露天邊坡下布置的采區(qū)大巷的圍巖中形成由露天臺(tái)階爆破和地下開(kāi)采相互影響的應(yīng)力場(chǎng),巷道圍巖將在兩種采動(dòng)域相互重疊或包含的過(guò)程中,產(chǎn)生兩種開(kāi)挖體系的相互誘發(fā)與擾動(dòng)響應(yīng),使圍巖的應(yīng)力場(chǎng)、變形場(chǎng)與破壞場(chǎng)等多次疊加、調(diào)整和分布,致使圍巖的強(qiáng)度多次被損傷、弱化,此外,露天開(kāi)采使大巷垂直應(yīng)力減少,開(kāi)采產(chǎn)生的卸荷應(yīng)力使大巷圍巖穩(wěn)定變得十分敏感,導(dǎo)致井工回采影響對(duì)大巷圍巖的穩(wěn)定影響較一般大巷明顯,由此造成巷道圍巖失穩(wěn)的概率逐漸增大。雖然采用露井聯(lián)合開(kāi)采取得了很好的績(jī)效,但生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中也遇到了種種挑戰(zhàn)。在安家?guī)X露天礦采掘過(guò)程中,借助了大量的臺(tái)階爆破進(jìn)行開(kāi)挖,而爆破所產(chǎn)生的地震波相當(dāng)于給巷道圍巖增加了一種具有致滑作用和井工礦煤巖層的動(dòng)態(tài)荷載。依托安家?guī)X煤礦露井聯(lián)采為背景,基于現(xiàn)有的爆破波動(dòng)理論,重點(diǎn)開(kāi)展了爆破振動(dòng)下的巷道穩(wěn)定性研究,探尋爆破振動(dòng)對(duì)既有巷道的影響機(jī)理,并通過(guò)數(shù)值模擬,開(kāi)展地震波對(duì)巷道圍巖松動(dòng)圈、既有襯砌和錨桿造成的受力位移分析計(jì)算,最終以現(xiàn)場(chǎng)收集到的實(shí)際數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證分析理論計(jì)算,得出了露井聯(lián)采臺(tái)階爆破振動(dòng)對(duì)既有巷道的影響規(guī)律。主要研究工作與重要結(jié)論如下： 1、明確地提出了爆破振動(dòng)的積累效應(yīng)是爆破振動(dòng)引起巷道圍巖失效的基本原因。用爆破振動(dòng)積累效應(yīng)的突發(fā)特性和存儲(chǔ)特性解釋了巷道圍巖失穩(wěn)機(jī)理,闡明了問(wèn)題的本質(zhì)。 2、量化了相隔時(shí)間為τ的爆破振動(dòng)關(guān)聯(lián)程度,得到了兩次爆破振動(dòng)關(guān)聯(lián)程度與其對(duì)圍巖破壞作用的關(guān)系,這一關(guān)系揭露了爆破載荷誘發(fā)巷道圍巖失穩(wěn)的關(guān)鍵。 3、通過(guò)小波包頻帶能量分析法分析了爆破震動(dòng)累積效應(yīng)對(duì)圍巖物理力學(xué)性能的弱化作用,發(fā)現(xiàn)了爆破振動(dòng)信號(hào)主頻向低頻發(fā)展呈多頻帶多振型特點(diǎn)。 4、邊坡巖體的剝離引起巷道圍巖應(yīng)力釋放,圍巖最大拉應(yīng)力增大且其改變幅度與剝離巖體的重量及其相對(duì)巷道的位置有很大關(guān)系。 5、指出了爆破震動(dòng)累積效應(yīng)的起因、作用過(guò)程以及作用結(jié)果。關(guān)聯(lián)函數(shù)Rz反應(yīng)了相隔時(shí)間為τ的爆破振動(dòng)關(guān)聯(lián)程度,表明了爆破振動(dòng)累積效應(yīng)的起因；小波分析表明爆破振動(dòng)往低頻發(fā)展呈多頻帶多振型的特點(diǎn),揭示了爆破振動(dòng)累積效應(yīng)的作用過(guò)程以及表現(xiàn)特征；利用PFC驗(yàn)證了爆破振動(dòng)引起圍巖損傷的發(fā)展累積過(guò)程,指出了爆破振動(dòng)累積效應(yīng)的作用結(jié)果。 6、爆破振動(dòng)的累積效應(yīng)對(duì)巷道穩(wěn)定性的影響作用不可忽視,爆破方案設(shè)計(jì)及爆破作業(yè)時(shí)應(yīng)重視爆破累積效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:Under the condition of combined open-hole mining, the overlap of the two mining influence areas is the interference or action of one kind of mining effect on the other equilibrium system, which makes the two excavation systems induce or restrict each other. Thus, a composite dynamic change system is formed. Because of the special arrangement relationship between the workmen and the opencast mine, the stability of the roadway is complicated. In the surrounding rock of the roadway of the mining area arranged under the mined open-pit slope, the stress field affected by the open-pit bench blasting and underground mining is formed, and the surrounding rock of the roadway will overlap or contain in the two mining fields. In addition, the stress field, deformation field and failure field of surrounding rock are superimposed, adjusted and distributed many times so that the strength of surrounding rock is damaged and weakened many times. The vertical stress of roadway is reduced by open-pit mining, and the unloading stress caused by mining makes the stability of surrounding rock of roadway very sensitive, which leads to the influence of mining work on the stability of surrounding rock of roadway is more obvious than that of general roadway. As a result, the probability of surrounding rock instability increases gradually. Although the use of open-hole mining has achieved good performance, but the production process has encountered a variety of challenges. In the mining process of Anjialing open-pit mine, a large number of bench blasting is used to excavate, and the seismic wave produced by blasting is equivalent to adding a kind of dynamic load to the surrounding rock of roadway and coal and rock strata of well and mine. Based on the existing theory of blasting wave, the stability of roadway under blasting vibration is studied, and the influence mechanism of blasting vibration on existing roadway is explored, and the numerical simulation is carried out. The stress displacement caused by both lining and bolt is analyzed and calculated by seismic wave to loose circle of roadway surrounding rock. Finally, the theoretical calculation is verified by the actual data collected on the spot. The influence of bench blasting vibration on the existing roadway is obtained. The main research work and important conclusions are as follows: 1. The accumulative effect of blasting vibration is the basic reason for failure of surrounding rock of roadway caused by blasting vibration. The mechanism of surrounding rock instability of roadway is explained by the burst characteristic and storage characteristic of blasting vibration accumulation effect, and the essence of the problem is clarified. 2. The correlation degree of blasting vibration with interval 蟿 is quantified, and the relation between the correlation degree of twice blasting vibration and the failure of surrounding rock is obtained, which reveals the key of rock instability induced by blasting load. 3. The weakening effect of blasting vibration cumulative effect on the physical and mechanical properties of surrounding rock is analyzed by using wavelet packet band energy analysis method. It is found that the main frequency of blasting vibration signal develops to low frequency frequency with multi-band and multi-mode characteristics. 4. The exfoliation of slope rock mass causes the stress release of roadway surrounding rock, and the maximum tensile stress of surrounding rock increases and its change range is related to the weight of the rock mass and its relative position to the roadway. 5. The cause, process and result of the cumulative effect of blasting vibration are pointed out. The correlation function Rz reflects the correlation degree of blasting vibration with interval 蟿, which indicates the cause of the cumulative effect of blasting vibration, and wavelet analysis shows that the evolution of blasting vibration to low frequency has the characteristics of multi-band and multi-mode. The action process and performance characteristics of blasting vibration accumulation effect are revealed, and the development and accumulation process of surrounding rock damage caused by blasting vibration is verified by PFC, and the result of blasting vibration accumulation effect is pointed out. 6. The cumulative effect of blasting vibration on the stability of roadway can not be ignored. The blasting plan design and blasting operation should pay attention to the cumulative blasting effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD353

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