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  本文選題：礦山酸性廢水 + 礦山原位修復(fù)��； 參考：《北京有色金屬研究總院》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：礦山酸性廢水以其酸度高,量大,持續(xù)性強,重金屬離子種類多且濃度高等特點嚴重污染了礦山周邊環(huán)境,對生態(tài)環(huán)境影響惡劣,嚴重威脅到人類的生活健康。礦山酸性廢水問題受到廣泛關(guān)注。目前治理礦山酸性廢水主要依靠末端治理,但不是長久之計,建立在抑制黃鐵礦氧化基礎(chǔ)上的礦山酸性廢水的源頭控制逐步受到重視。本論文中研究了一種抑制黃鐵礦氧化的礦山原位修復(fù)思路的效果。利用以硫酸鹽還原菌和鐵還原菌為主的修復(fù)細菌與含有有機碳源乳酸鈉和酵母提取物的培養(yǎng)基構(gòu)成抑制體系,用該體系模擬抑制礦山酸性廢水的產(chǎn)生,取得了良好的效果。研究了蛋白胨,酵母提取物和乳酸鈉作為抑制體系中碳源的效果,結(jié)果表明乳酸鈉能夠更好的維持硫酸鹽還原菌的生長和還原硫酸鹽的作用,確立了以乳酸鈉為主要有機碳源與OK無機鹽組成培養(yǎng)基的抑制體系。研究了抑制體系中的有機碳源對鐵氧化細菌的影響,結(jié)果表明,1.0g/L以上的乳酸鈉對鐵氧化細菌的生長和氧化二價鐵的能力有明顯的抑制效果,酵母提取物對鐵氧化細菌無明顯影響。據(jù)此對抑制體系中的乳酸鈉濃度進行優(yōu)化,由最初的6.0g/L降低至1.0g/L,同時添加0.1g/L的酵母提取物以維持鐵還原菌的生長。研究了優(yōu)化后的抑制體系對黃鐵礦氧化產(chǎn)酸的抑制效果。結(jié)果表明,黃鐵礦在抑制體系中的氧化受到阻止,抑制體系的pH值維持在中性(6.62),氧化還原電位維持在低于黃鐵礦氧化的臨界電位600 mV,同時總鐵離子含量和硫酸根濃度急劇下降,抑制效果明顯。修復(fù)細菌在阻止黃鐵礦氧化起到?jīng)Q定性作用,乳酸鈉的存在減緩了黃鐵礦的氧化產(chǎn)酸循環(huán),并維持硫酸鹽還原菌的生長。抑制體系中的黃鐵礦表面礦相轉(zhuǎn)變研究表明,修復(fù)細菌能夠吸附黃鐵礦表面并生成附著物,附著物的主要成分為有機物與鐵硫等元素的復(fù)合物,包含藍鐵礦和磁黃鐵礦,說明抑制體系能夠有效固化液相中的鐵,有助于抑制黃鐵礦氧化。微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)與動態(tài)演變表明,所用硫酸鹽還原菌適宜在抑制體系中生長,與其伴生的兼性厭氧菌起到消耗氧氣營造厭氧環(huán)境的作用,鐵氧化細菌受到抑制。硫酸鹽還原菌和鐵氧化細菌的熒光定量PCR分析表明,硫酸鹽還原菌能夠在抑制體系中穩(wěn)定生長,細菌濃度增加；而鐵氧化細菌在抑制體系中持續(xù)受到抑制,不能發(fā)揮鐵氧化二價鐵離子的能力。上述結(jié)果表明,所構(gòu)建的抑制體系有較好的穩(wěn)定性和可持續(xù)性,在源頭控制礦山酸性廢水以及礦山的原位修復(fù)領(lǐng)域中有良好的前景。
[Abstract]:Mine acid wastewater has the characteristics of high acidity, large quantity, strong persistence, many kinds of heavy metal ions and high concentration, which seriously pollutes the surrounding environment of mine, affects the ecological environment badly, and seriously threatens the health of human life.The problem of mine acid wastewater has been paid more and more attention.At present, the treatment of mine acid wastewater mainly depends on the end treatment, but it is not a long-term solution. The source control of mine acid wastewater based on the inhibition of pyrite oxidation has been paid more and more attention.In this paper, the effect of an in-situ restoration method for pyrite oxidation is studied.The repairable bacteria mainly from sulfate reducing bacteria and iron reducing bacteria and the medium containing organic carbon source sodium lactate and yeast extract were used to form the inhibition system. The system was used to simulate the inhibition of the production of mine acid wastewater, and good results were obtained.The effects of peptone, yeast extract and sodium lactate as carbon sources in the inhibition system were studied. The results showed that sodium lactate could better maintain the growth of sulfate reducing bacteria and the role of reducing sulfate.The inhibition system of the medium composed of sodium lactate as the main organic carbon source and OK inorganic salt was established.The effects of organic carbon sources on ferric oxidizing bacteria were studied. The results showed that sodium lactate above 1.0 g / L had obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of ferric oxidizing bacteria and the ability of oxidizing iron divalent.Yeast extract had no obvious effect on iron oxidizing bacteria.The concentration of sodium lactate in the inhibition system was optimized from the initial 6.0g/L to 1.0 g / L, and the yeast extract of 0.1g/L was added to maintain the growth of ferric reducing bacteria.The inhibition effect of the optimized inhibition system on pyrite oxidation and acid production was studied.The results showed that the oxidation of pyrite in the inhibition system was prevented, the pH value of the inhibition system was maintained at 6.62 渭 m, the redox potential was maintained at 600mV below the critical potential of pyrite oxidation, and the total iron ion content and sulfate concentration decreased sharply.The inhibitory effect was obvious.Repair bacteria played a decisive role in preventing pyrite oxidation. The presence of sodium lactate slowed down the oxidation of pyrite and maintained the growth of sulfate reducing bacteria.Studies on the ore-phase transformation of pyrite surface in the inhibition system show that the remediation bacteria can adsorb the pyrite surface and form appendages, the main components of which are the complexes of organic compounds with iron and sulfur elements, including blue ore and pyrrhotite, and pyrrhotite.The results show that the inhibition system can effectively solidify iron in liquid phase and is helpful to inhibit the oxidation of pyrite.The microbial community structure and dynamic evolution showed that the sulfate reducing bacteria were suitable for growth in the inhibition system. The facultative anaerobes associated with them had the function of consuming oxygen to create an anaerobic environment and the ferric oxidizing bacteria were inhibited.Fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis of sulfate reducing bacteria and iron oxidizing bacteria showed that sulfate reducing bacteria could grow stably and the concentration of bacteria increased in the inhibition system, while iron oxidizing bacteria were continuously inhibited in the inhibition system.The ability of iron to oxidize divalent iron ions cannot be brought into play.The results show that the system has good stability and sustainability, and has a good prospect in the field of source control of mine acid wastewater and in situ restoration of mine.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京有色金屬研究總院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X172;X751

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本文編號：1772004