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  本文選題：拉延成形 + 門角件��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市軌道列車因其快捷、高效的特點(diǎn)逐漸成為人們出行的首選,成功地解決了大中城市的交通擁堵問題。目前的軌道車輛車體材料主要有兩種:不銹鋼和鋁合金。不銹鋼車體因其優(yōu)良的力學(xué)性能和耐高溫、耐腐蝕等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而被廣泛應(yīng)用于城軌車體制造。其中,常溫下顯微組織為奧氏體的SUS301L不銹鋼,由于其超細(xì)晶組織和TRIP效應(yīng)而具有較高的強(qiáng)塑積,非常有利于車體輕量化設(shè)計,具有更全面、更優(yōu)良的綜合性能,是城軌列車車體的首選材料之一。門角件主要用于連接車門頂柱和車門側(cè)柱,具有強(qiáng)度高、抗變形等特點(diǎn)。該門角件的平面與側(cè)壁成90°連接,連接處一端為圓弧連接,一端為倒角連接,倒角長度連續(xù)可變。這樣復(fù)雜的空間結(jié)構(gòu)使得成形過程中平面與側(cè)壁連接處的金屬流動速率各不相同,板料在倒角連接處的流動阻力相比圓弧連接處的阻力大,因此板料在倒角連接處流動困難,極易出現(xiàn)起皺現(xiàn)象,進(jìn)而造成門角件平面部分變形不充分,存在大面積的拉延不足缺陷。且不銹鋼抗拉強(qiáng)度及應(yīng)變硬化指數(shù)較高,卸載后90°角回彈較大,在傳統(tǒng)成形方法中需要通過整形工序得到形狀尺寸符合要求的零件。為了優(yōu)化沖壓成形工藝、節(jié)省模具設(shè)計時間、提高成形件形狀尺寸精度,本文利用CATIA軟件,設(shè)計了國內(nèi)某城軌車輛SUS301L不銹鋼門角件的成形模具,并利用Auto Form有限元軟件對該類拉延深度大、空間結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、厚度較大零件的成形過程進(jìn)行模擬分析。首先研究了不同形式布置的拉延筋以及拉延筋系數(shù)對板料成形質(zhì)量的影響,再通過調(diào)整壓邊力、凸凹模間隙、凹模圓角半徑及摩擦系數(shù)等工藝參數(shù),來分析各參數(shù)對門角件成形質(zhì)量的影響規(guī)律以優(yōu)化工藝,提出了控制成形缺陷的有效方法。結(jié)果表明:優(yōu)化成形工藝可一定程度上消除拉延不足、起皺缺陷,提高門角件輪廓精度,使90°角的回彈量控制在合理范圍內(nèi)。通過成形試驗(yàn),得到了合格的成形件,驗(yàn)證了模擬結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性。
[Abstract]:Because of its fast and efficient characteristics, urban rail train has gradually become the first choice for people to travel, and has successfully solved the problem of traffic congestion in large and medium-sized cities. At present, there are two main rail vehicle body materials: stainless steel and aluminum alloy. Stainless steel carbody is widely used in the manufacture of urban rail car body due to its excellent mechanical properties, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and other advantages. Among them, SUS301L stainless steel with austenitic microstructure at room temperature has a high strength plastic product due to its ultrafine grain structure and TRIP effect, which is very beneficial to the lightweight design of the carbody and has more comprehensive and better comprehensive properties. It is one of the first choice materials for the body of city rail train. Door corner is mainly used to connect door top column and door side column with high strength and anti-deformation. The plane of the door corner is connected with the side wall at 90 擄, one end of the connection is arc connection, one end is chamfer connection, and the chamfer length is continuously variable. Such complicated space structure makes the flow rate of metal at the joint of plane and side wall different in the forming process, and the flow resistance of sheet metal at the chamfer joint is larger than that at the arc joint, so it is difficult for the sheet metal to flow at the chamfer joint. It is easy to appear wrinkle phenomenon, which leads to insufficient deformation of the plane part of the door corner, and the defect of insufficient drawing in a large area. The tensile strength and strain hardening index of stainless steel are high, and the springback of 90 擄angle is large after unloading. In order to optimize the stamping process, save the design time of the die and improve the shape and dimension precision of the forming parts, the forming die of the SUS301L stainless steel door angle part of a city rail vehicle in China is designed by using CATIA software in this paper. The forming process of this kind of parts with large drawing depth, complex space structure and large thickness is simulated and analyzed by Auto Form finite element software. Firstly, the influence of different forms of drawing bars and the coefficient of drawing tendons on the forming quality of sheet metal was studied. Then, by adjusting the blank holder force, the clearance of convex and concave die, the radius of groove and friction coefficient of die, etc. In order to optimize the forming process, an effective method to control the forming defects is put forward by analyzing the influence of various parameters on the forming quality of the corner parts. The results show that the optimum forming process can eliminate the drawing deficiency and wrinkle defect to some extent, improve the contour precision of the door angle, and control the springback of 90 擄angle within a reasonable range. Through forming test, qualified forming parts are obtained, and the accuracy of simulation results is verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U270.6;TG386.32

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本文編號：1854264