發(fā)布時間：2018-01-10 13:32

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：不同類型El Nino事件對中國東部次年夏季降水季節(jié)內(nèi)演變影響及成因研究　出處：《南京信息工程大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： El Nino事件分型 夏季降水異常 大氣環(huán)流異常 中國東部

【摘要】：本文利用1950年1月～2011年12月全球海表溫度(SST)資料、ONI (Oceanic Nino Index)序列、SODA的海洋多要素逐月資料、NCEP/NCAR風(fēng)場、高度場、濕度場等再分析資料以及中國160站逐月降水資料,研究了不同類型El Nino事件的主要特征及其對中國東部次年夏季逐月及季節(jié)降水的影響及成因。得到如下主要結(jié)論： (1)對不同類型El Nino事件的定義及特征研究表明：1)根據(jù)El Nino事件期間SST最大正異常所在區(qū)域,將El Nino事件分為nino3、nino4和nino3.4型三種類型。2)海表溫度變暖的線性趨勢對El Nino事件分型沒有明顯影響。3)各型El Nino事件期間次表層海溫異常分布不同,次表層海溫異常大值區(qū)都位于類型定義所在的經(jīng)度范圍內(nèi)。4)nino3型El Nino事件期間,在赤道東太平洋存在一個異常上升氣流,而在太平洋西部菲律賓群島附近存在一個異常的下沉氣流,nino3.4型的分布形式與nino3型類似,但上升支的位置要比nino3型偏西,強度稍弱；nino4型的分布形式與其他兩種形式差異較大,表現(xiàn)為它在太平洋區(qū)域存在兩支異常的上升氣流,一支位于太平洋東部ninol.nino2區(qū),大約位于80°W,另一支位于日界線以西170°E附近,同時在印度洋東部大約90°E上空也存在一支上升氣流。 (2)對不同類型El Nino事件的發(fā)展、成熟和衰減三個階段劃分及其特征的研究表明：1)在發(fā)展期,nino3型海表溫度以及次表層海溫的正異常(統(tǒng)稱海溫異常)都首先出現(xiàn)在赤道東南太平洋區(qū)域；nino4型的正海溫異常首先出現(xiàn)在赤道太平洋中西部的nino4區(qū);而nino3.4型的正異常則首先出現(xiàn)在赤道太平洋東南部和nino3.4區(qū)東部。到成熟期,海溫異常強度加強。到衰減期,nino3型事件中赤道東太平洋正海溫異常顯著減弱,其它兩類型事件在赤道東太平洋都已出現(xiàn)海溫負(fù)距平。2)三種類型El Nino事件發(fā)展期、成熟期、衰減期三個階段的walker環(huán)流異常分布也有一定差異。nino3型事件從發(fā)展期到衰減期,在熱帶印度洋—太平洋維持一個異常的反沃克環(huán)流圈；nino4型在發(fā)展期太平洋區(qū)域有兩只異常的上升氣流,到了成熟期則在印度洋—太平洋上空形成兩個異常的飯沃克環(huán)流圈,衰減期時已不存在明顯的下沉氣流；nino3.4型中,各個階段分布形式基本一致,只是強度由弱變強再變?nèi)酢?(3)對不同類型El Nino事件次年夏季逐月及季節(jié)降水的研究表明：1)不同類型El Nino事件對應(yīng)次年中國東部6、7、8月降水異常場分布明顯不同。三類型事件6月雨帶主要位于華南地區(qū)。nino3型主雨帶從6至7月明顯北移到長江流域,8月則呈西多東少反相分布；從6至8月,nino4型雨帶逐漸北移,nino3.4型雨帶則從南到北再向東北移動。nino4型降水異常最強、nino3.4型最弱。2)就整個夏季而言,nino3、 nino4到nino3.4型事件對應(yīng)次年夏季雨帶呈現(xiàn)由南向北逐漸移動特征。nino3型主雨帶主要位于西南東部到江南—帶,nino4型主雨帶主要位于長江和黃河流域之間,nino3.4型主雨帶主要位于四川西南、河套及華北。 (4)對不同類型El Nino事件次年夏季和各月環(huán)流特征的研究表明：1)對于南亞高壓,nino3型、nino4型事件后呈偏強、東伸和北抬的特點,且后者較前者時更強；nino3.4型事件后主要呈減弱、西退特征。對于西太副高,nino3型、nino4型事件后主要呈偏強、西伸、北抬特征,后者較前者更強,西伸北抬也更明顯。nino3.4型后,副高以東撤、北抬特征為主。2)次年夏季,nino3型暖濕水汽的主要來源是西太平洋上空和中南半島上空的反氣旋式水汽環(huán)流；nino4暖濕氣流主要來自于西北太平洋上空的反氣旋式水汽環(huán)流,其位置要比nino3型北抬；nino3.4型的暖濕氣流主要由兩支,一支來自于低緯上空的東風(fēng)氣流經(jīng)菲律賓群島和海南島,另一支位于孟加拉灣上空的反氣旋式水汽環(huán)流。對于季中各月而言,nino3和nino4兩種類型的暖濕氣流的來源較相似,而nino3.4型則更多的出現(xiàn)一些水汽環(huán)流對,他們共同作用將暖濕氣流向我國境內(nèi)輸送。3)從緯圈環(huán)流和經(jīng)圈環(huán)流上看,nino3型事件的次年夏季,在25°N-30°N上其垂直運動和水汽含量配置最有利于降水的形成;而nino3.4型最有利于降水生成的配置則出現(xiàn)在35°N～400N之間,而對于nino4型,在25°N-30°N和35°N～40°N都有降水異常。從季中各月來看,6月,三種類型El Nino事件的異常上升支和水汽含量大值區(qū)都位于30。N以南,其中nino4型強度最強；7月,異常上升支和水汽含量大值區(qū)的位置都發(fā)生了北移,其中,nino3型移動幅度最小,nino3.4型移動幅度最大；到了8月,nino3型El Nino事件沒有明顯的上升下沉運動,nino4型上升氣流進(jìn)一步北抬,nino3.4型上升氣流相比7月,強度更強,范圍更大。
[Abstract]:In this paper, from January 1950 to December 2011, the global sea surface temperature (SST), ONI (Oceanic Nino Index) sequence, SODA marine elements monthly data, NCEP/NCAR height field, wind field, humidity field reanalysis data and monthly precipitation data of 160 stations China, main features of the different types of El Nino events and its influence on the next summer precipitation in eastern Chinese monthly and seasonal reasons and main conclusions are as follows:
(1) study on the definition and characteristics of different types of El Nino events show that: 1) according to the El Nino event during SST maximum positive anomaly area, the El Nino event is divided into NINO3, nino4 and nino3.4 of three types of.2) linear trend of sea surface temperature warming type on the El Nino event has no obvious effect.3) of various types of El Nino events during the period of the subsurface temperature anomaly distribution, subsurface ocean temperature anomalies are located in the high value region type definition longitude range.4) during NINO3 El Nino event in the equatorial eastern Pacific has an anomalous updraft, and in the Western Pacific Ocean near Philippines islands there is an anomaly the downdraft, distribution form and NINO3 type nino3.4 type is similar, but the rising branch location than NINO3 West, the strength was weak; the distribution form of nino4 type and the other two forms are quite different, as it exists in the Pacific region two A abnormal updraft, a ninol.nino2 is located in the eastern Pacific region, at about 80 DEG W, the other one is located near the west of the dateline 170 ~ E, while in the eastern part of India ocean about 90 degrees above the E also has an updraft.
(2) the development of different types of El Nino events, and three of mature decay stage division and its characteristics as follows: 1) in the development phase, NINO3 sea surface temperature and surface temperature is abnormal (collectively referred to as the sea surface temperature anomalies) occurred first in the Southeast Pacific equatorial region; positive SST anomalies first type nino4 in the western equatorial Pacific region nino4; and nino3.4 positive anomalies were first in the eastern equatorial Pacific and southeast area of nino3.4. To maturity, strengthen the SST anomaly intensity. To the decay period, type NINO3 in the eastern equatorial Pacific event positive SST anomalies decreased and the other two types of events in the equatorial eastern Pacific there has been negative SST anomalies.2) three types of El Nino development period, mature period, Walker circulation attenuation of the three stages of abnormal distribution also have certain differences in.Nino3 event attenuation from the development phase to the stage, in the heat With India and Pacific oceans, maintain an abnormal anti Walker circulation; nino4 type two abnormal updraft in the development of the Pacific region, two abnormal rice Walker circulation circle formation to maturity in India ocean, the Pacific Ocean, decaying stage is not obvious downdraft; type nino3.4 in each stage, the distribution form is basically the same, but the intensity from weak to strong and weak.
(3) of different types of El Nino events in the following summer monthly and seasonal precipitation in the study show that: 1) of different types of El Nino the following year China events corresponding to Eastern 6,7,8 monthly precipitation anomaly distribution is significantly different. Three types of events of the June rain mainly located in.Nino3 area in Southern China from 6 to July, the main rain belt northward to the Yangtze River in August a little more phase distribution; from 6 to August, the nino4 pattern nino3.4 pattern is gradually northward from the south to the north to northeast mobile.Nino4 precipitation anomalies in the strongest, nino3.4.2) is the weakest of the summer, NINO3, nino4 to nino3.4 corresponding to the event the next summer rain has gradually from the south to the north of mobile.Nino3 the main rain belt mainly located in the southwest to the South Eastern Zone, between the nino4 type main rain belt is mainly located in the Yangtze River and the the Yellow River River Basin, nino3.4 main belt mainly located in the southwest of Sichuan, and in North China.
(4) study of different types of El Nino events in the following summer and monthly circulation characteristics show that: 1) for South Asia high, NINO3 type, nino4 type after the incident was stronger, and the eastward and northward, and the latter is stronger; nino3.4 after the incident was weakened, West Back features for the Western Pacific subtropical high, NINO3 type, nino4 type after the incident was mainly westward, northward stronger features, the latter is stronger, West and North lift is more obvious after.Nino3.4, east of the subtropical high northward retreat, characteristic of.2) in the following summer, the main source of type NINO3 warm water vapor is reverse the cyclone vapor circulation over the Western Pacific and Indo China Peninsula over nino4; warm air anti cyclonic circulation water vapor mainly comes from the Northwest Pacific Ocean, its location than NINO3 type northward; warm air type nino3.4 consists of two branches, a branch of easterly flow from low latitude over Philippines Islands and Hainan Island, another is located over the bay of Bengal anticyclonic circulation water. For each month season, warm air source NINO3 and two types of nino4 are similar, while type nino3.4 some more water vapor circulation on the interaction, they will warm air flow within the territory of China transportation.3) from zonal circulation and the meridional circulation at NINO3 events in the following summer, at 25 DEG N-30 DEG N on the vertical motion and the water vapor content is most conducive to the formation of precipitation; and nino3.4 is most conducive to generating configuration is between 35 ~ N ~ 400N, and for nino4, in 25 DEG N-30 DEG N and 35 DEG N to 40 DEG N have abnormal precipitation. From June, the month of season, three types of El Nino events of the abnormal ascending and the water vapor content large value areas are located in the south of 30.N, in which nino4 was the strongest; in July, the abnormal ascending branch and the water vapor content big The value of location was the north, NINO3 mobile is the smallest nino3.4 mobile biggest; by August, the NINO3 El Nino event no significant increase of nino4 type updraft downdraft, further northward, nino3.4 type air rise compared to July, the stronger, larger scope.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P426.6;P732

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