發(fā)布時間：2018-02-24 09:39

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 超級電容器 碳微球 生物質(zhì)碳 復(fù)合材料 電化學(xué)儲能性能　出處：《上海大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：超級電容器是介于傳統(tǒng)電容器與充電電池之間的一種新型儲能元件,以其比功率大、充放電效率高、循環(huán)壽命長等優(yōu)點,在國防、汽車工業(yè)、航天航空、電信通訊等領(lǐng)域都有著極為廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。超級電容器的性能主要由其電極材料決定,所以當(dāng)前對超級電容器的研究重點之一就是尋找更為理想的電極材料。本論文以不同的制備工藝合成了多種碳材料,并對其開展了活化改性和電化學(xué)儲能性能的研究。首先,本論文以葡萄糖為原料,以水熱反應(yīng)法和后續(xù)的高溫碳化處理制備了碳微球,并用HNO3和KOH分別進(jìn)行了表面活化改性處理。研究表明,實驗制得的碳微球呈現(xiàn)良好的球狀外形,且粒徑分布在120 nm~450 nm的尺度范圍內(nèi)。經(jīng)過HNO3或KOH活化處理后,碳微球粒徑分布更加均勻,并減小到190 nm左右。其中,碳微球經(jīng)HNO3活化后,表面含氧官能團(tuán)含量增加,提升了碳微球表面的親水性。而KOH活化則大大增加了碳微球的比表面積和介孔數(shù)量。在上述單步活化處理的基礎(chǔ)上,本論文也對碳微球開展了HNO3和KOH的二步活化處理。雖然HNO3和KOH活化的作用機(jī)制不同,但都顯著提升了碳微球的電化學(xué)儲能性能�；罨�改性后的碳微球在KOH電解液中表現(xiàn)出一定的法拉第贗電容特性。HNO3活化、KOH活化和兩步活化處理的碳微球在3M濃度的KOH電解液中,電流密度為0.5 A/g時,比電容分別達(dá)到195.7 F/g、206.1F/g和232.8 F/g,且經(jīng)過500次充放電循環(huán)后,仍然分別保持了初始值的89%、87%和86%的比電容,表現(xiàn)出良好的電化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性。此外,本論文也開展了以木粉為原料,通過高溫碳化分解法制備生物質(zhì)碳粉的研究,并用硝酸對碳粉進(jìn)行活化處理。研究了不同的制備工藝和活化條件下生物質(zhì)碳粉的電化學(xué)儲能性能。研究表明,制備得到的生物質(zhì)碳粉在6M濃度的HNO3溶液中,經(jīng)過70℃水浴6 h活化得到的碳粉的電化學(xué)性能最優(yōu),在電流密度為0.5 A/g時,比電容可達(dá)到152.9 F/g,且經(jīng)過500次充放電循環(huán)后,比電容維持在初始值的90%,表現(xiàn)出良好的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性。為了同時利用雙電層電容和法拉第膺電容,本論文以活性生物質(zhì)碳為載體,制備了活性生物質(zhì)碳和Ni O的復(fù)合電極材料。研究表明,當(dāng)Ni O的負(fù)載量為30%時,在電流密度為0.5 A/g的測試條件下,該復(fù)合電極材料的比電容達(dá)到250.5 F/g,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于活性生物質(zhì)碳粉的比容量。復(fù)合電極材料在經(jīng)過500次充放電循環(huán)后,依然保持了初始比電容的84%。
[Abstract]:Super capacitor is a new type of storage between conventional capacitors and rechargeable batteries of the element, with its high specific power, high charge discharge efficiency, long cycle life and other advantages, in the defense, automobile industry, aerospace, telecommunications and other fields have a very broad application prospect. The performance of super capacitor is mainly determined by the electrode material of super capacitor, so the current one of the key is to find more ideal electrode materials. In this paper, various carbon materials synthesis preparation technology, and the research on activation modification and electrochemical energy storage properties. Firstly, this paper using glucose as the raw material, by the hydrothermal method and subsequent high temperature carbonization preparation of carbon microspheres, and the use of HNO3 and KOH were activated surface modification. The results show that the prepared carbon microspheres showed good spherical shape and size The distribution of scale in the range of 120 nm~450 nm. After HNO3 or KOH activated carbon microspheres, particle size distribution is more uniform, and decreases to about 190 nm. Among them, the carbon microspheres were activated by HNO3, surface oxygen functional groups increased, enhance the hydrophilic surface of carbon microspheres. The activation of KOH is greatly the increase of carbon microspheres surface area and pore volume. The one-step activation in foundation treatment on the carbon microspheres carried out two step HNO3 and KOH activation. Although the mechanism of HNO3 and the activation of KOH is different, but can significantly enhance the electrochemical energy storage of carbon microspheres activation performance. After the modification of carbon microspheres in the KOH electrolyte showed.HNO3 Faraday pseudocapacitance characteristics of certain activation, activation of KOH and the two step activated carbon microspheres in KOH 3M electrolyte concentration, current density of 0.5 A/g, reached 195.7 F/g respectively than 206.1F/g and capacitor. 232.8 F/g, and after 500 cycles, still maintained the initial value of 89%, 87% and 86% of the specific capacitance exhibited good electrochemical stability. In addition, this paper also carried out with wood powder as raw material, the research preparation of biomass toner by carbonization decomposition method, and the toner activated by nitric acid was studied. The electrochemical preparation and activation under the conditions of different biomass toner performance. The results show that the prepared biomass toner in HNO3 solution 6M concentration, after 70 DEG C water bath 6 h activation toner best electrochemical performance, at a current density of 0.5 A/g, the specific capacitance can reach 152.9 F/g, and after 500 cycles, the specific capacitance remained at the initial value of 90%, showing good cycling stability. At the same time in order to use the double layer capacitance and capacitance of the pseudo Faraday, with biological activity Carbon composite electrode material as the carrier, active biomass carbon and Ni O were prepared. The results show that when the Ni load is 30% O, the current density of 0.5 A/g under the test conditions, the composite electrode specific capacitance of 250.5 F/g, far higher than the active biomass toner capacity. The electrode material after 500 cycles, still maintained the initial specific capacitance of 84%.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM53

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)會議論文 前1條

1 朱宏偉;曹安源;李雪松;徐才錄;毛宗強;梁吉;吳德海;;室溫下氫氣在定向碳納米管陣列中的吸附[A];第三屆全國氫能學(xué)術(shù)會議論文集[C];2001年

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本文編號：1529770