發(fā)布時間：2018-11-20 18:35

【摘要】：西部山區(qū)地勢復(fù)雜、地震、滑坡、堰塞湖等自然災(zāi)害發(fā)生頻繁,但是相關(guān)研究較為薄弱。為保證鐵路線路及交通基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)的安全性,確保災(zāi)后生命通道暢通無阻,滑坡事件已成為阻礙和制約川藏鐵路建設(shè)的一個關(guān)鍵性問題,滑坡堰塞湖災(zāi)害鏈成為在選線設(shè)計(jì)階段就應(yīng)該防控的風(fēng)險源。同時,川藏鐵路康定-昌都段的規(guī)劃線路經(jīng)過高寒區(qū),高寒地區(qū)氣溫偏低,全年施工季節(jié)短是阻礙當(dāng)?shù)亟ㄔO(shè)不可避免的自然因素,因此須要盡量縮短現(xiàn)場施工時間。川藏鐵路的修建會面臨很多的難點(diǎn)問題,由于時間的局限性,本文僅針對以下兩個問題進(jìn)行分析。首先,本文提出了一套堵江危險性評估作業(yè)程式,以及各環(huán)節(jié)建議采用的理論公式。在此基礎(chǔ)上以川藏鐵路德沙滑坡整治為例,利用ANSYS處理模型網(wǎng)格、FLAC3D三維有限差分軟件建立三維滑坡模型,探討了滑坡穩(wěn)定性,通過計(jì)算貫穿體體積確定入江方量;然后利用經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式計(jì)算滑距、坡體速度、最小堵江量等參數(shù),獲得大震情況下可能堵江的預(yù)測結(jié)論;最后利用推薦公式計(jì)算潰口寬度和流量、沿程洪峰流量和水位,預(yù)估堰塞湖影響范圍,據(jù)此提出了線路工程減災(zāi)對策。不僅可為研究區(qū)線位設(shè)計(jì)和重大工程布設(shè)提供參考,并希望通過范例性研究,推動山區(qū)鐵路災(zāi)害鏈減災(zāi)技術(shù)的發(fā)展。其次,本文針對高寒地區(qū)交通建設(shè)中橋梁建設(shè)面臨的施工期短問題,對構(gòu)件接縫開裂限制預(yù)制混凝土橋梁在高寒地區(qū)廣泛應(yīng)用的國際性難題進(jìn)行了分析研究。本文創(chuàng)新的提出便于快速施工的新型非連續(xù)鋼筋接縫的概念,對不同接縫參數(shù)的5片足尺梁試件進(jìn)行抗彎承載力試驗(yàn),得出新型接縫的最優(yōu)參數(shù);采用拉壓桿力學(xué)模型方法展開力學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)理論探討。對研究高寒地區(qū)的結(jié)構(gòu)建設(shè)、保障高寒地區(qū)及搶險救災(zāi)工程中的預(yù)制混凝土橋梁的長期安全具有非常重要的意義。
[Abstract]:Natural disasters such as earthquake, landslide and dammed lake occur frequently in western mountainous area, but the related research is relatively weak. In order to ensure the safety of railway lines and traffic infrastructure and ensure the smooth passage of life after the disaster, landslide has become a key problem that hinders and restricts the construction of Sichuan-Tibet railway. Landslide dammed lake disaster chain becomes the risk source of prevention and control in the line selection design stage. At the same time, the planning line of Kangding-Changdu section of Sichuan-Tibet railway passes through the high cold area, the temperature in the high cold area is low, and the short construction season throughout the year is the inevitable natural factor hindering the local construction, so it is necessary to shorten the construction time of the site as far as possible. The construction of Sichuan-Tibet railway will face many difficult problems. Due to the limitation of time, this paper only analyzes the following two problems. First of all, this paper puts forward a set of operational procedures for risk assessment of river plugging, and the theoretical formulas suggested for each link. On the basis of this, taking the regulation of Desha landslide in Sichuan-Tibet railway as an example, using ANSYS processing model grid and FLAC3D 3D finite difference software to establish 3D landslide model, the stability of landslide is discussed, and the amount of flow into the river is determined by calculating the volume of penetrating body. Then the parameters such as slip distance, slope velocity and minimum amount of river plugging are calculated by using empirical formula, and the prediction results of possible river plugging in the case of large earthquakes are obtained. Finally, using the recommended formula to calculate the width and discharge of the crater, the discharge and water level of Hong Feng along the track, and to predict the affected area of the lake, the countermeasures for disaster reduction of the railway project are put forward. It can not only provide a reference for the design of line level in the study area and the layout of major projects, but also hope to promote the development of disaster reduction technology of railway disaster chain in mountainous areas through exemplary research. Secondly, aiming at the short construction period of bridge in traffic construction in alpine area, this paper analyzes and studies the international difficult problem that precast concrete bridge is widely used in alpine area. In this paper, the concept of new discontinuous steel joint, which is convenient for rapid construction, is innovated. The flexural bearing capacity test of 5 full-scale beam specimens with different joint parameters is carried out, and the optimum parameters of the new joint are obtained. The theory of mechanical structure is discussed by means of mechanical model of tension and compression bar. It is of great significance to study the construction of structures in alpine areas and to ensure the long-term safety of precast concrete bridges in alpine areas and emergency relief projects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U216.419.1;U445.4

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