發(fā)布時間：2018-08-13 19:54

【摘要】：碳點作為納米材料家族的一員近年來已經(jīng)引起了極大的關(guān)注。相比于傳統(tǒng)半導(dǎo)體量子點和染料小分子,碳點不僅具有的優(yōu)良光學(xué)性能,而且具有低的細(xì)胞毒性、良好的生物相容性以及廉價易得等優(yōu)點。這些優(yōu)點使碳點在生物標(biāo)記、生物傳感、熒光探針生物檢測和光催化等領(lǐng)域都得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。除此之外,銅納米簇作為金屬納米簇家族中的一員,不僅具有發(fā)射波長可調(diào)、量子產(chǎn)率較高等優(yōu)點,而且價格低廉、制備方法簡單、生物相容性良好,因而被認(rèn)為是一種極具實際應(yīng)用潛力的納米材料。本論文以碳點和銅納米簇為研究對象,對其制備及應(yīng)用做了研究。具體內(nèi)容包括以下三個方面:1.通過對石墨烯進(jìn)行熱回流得到了具有很強熒光性能的石墨烯量子點(GQDs),構(gòu)建了一種基于Au(Ⅲ) S在GQDs表面的反應(yīng)及對S2-檢測的方法。GQDs具有很強的熒光,在微量的Au(Ⅲ)離子存在下,當(dāng)往Au(Ⅲ)/GQDs體系中加入微量的S2-時,由于S2-與Au(Ⅲ)反應(yīng)形成了金納米粒子,且這種金納米粒子與GQDs之間發(fā)生了熒光共振能量轉(zhuǎn)移(FRET),從而導(dǎo)致Au(Ⅲ)/GQDs體系的熒光急劇下降。在最佳實驗條件下,硫離子的檢測限為0.2 nM,猝滅效率與S2-濃度(1.5~150 nM)呈良好的線性關(guān)系,據(jù)此建立了一種測定S2-的方法。2.以檸檬酸為碳源采用水熱法制備具有很強熒光的碳點,利用碳點(CDs)的熒光“猝滅 回升”機理構(gòu)建了一種快速檢測Fe2+的方法。首先,采用水熱法制備CDs,然后將二氧化錳(MnO2)納米薄片加入到CDs中,猝滅CDs的熒光,通過內(nèi)濾效應(yīng)形成CDs MnO2探針。當(dāng)向上述探針中加入Fe2+,由于Mn O2會與Fe2+發(fā)生氧化還原反應(yīng)從而使CDs的熒光恢復(fù)。在最佳實驗條件下,Fe2+的檢測限為0.17μM,線性范圍為0~2μM,據(jù)此,為Fe2+的快速高效檢測提供了一種十分有效的方法。3.以聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)為模板,水合肼為還原劑制備具有熒光性質(zhì)的銅納米簇(Cu NCs),并利用透射電子顯微鏡(TEM)和紫外吸收光譜對該材料進(jìn)行表征。實驗發(fā)現(xiàn),Au(Ⅲ)能夠強烈地猝滅CuNCs的熒光。在最佳實驗條件下,Au(Ⅲ)的檢測限為0.06μM,線性范圍為0.5~15μM。我們通過獲取X射線探究其熒光猝滅機理,結(jié)果表明,CuNCs的熒光猝滅是由于CuNCs與Au(Ⅲ)發(fā)生光誘導(dǎo)電子轉(zhuǎn)移。據(jù)此,建立了一種簡單、快速的檢測Au(Ⅲ)的方法。
[Abstract]:Carbon dots as a member of nanomaterials have attracted great attention in recent years. Compared with traditional semiconductor quantum dots and dye molecules, carbon dots not only have good optical properties, but also have the advantages of low cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility and low cost. These advantages make carbon spots widely used in biomarker, biosensor, fluorescence probe biological detection and photocatalysis. In addition, as a member of metal nanoclusters, copper nanoclusters not only have the advantages of adjustable emission wavelength and high quantum yield, but also have the advantages of low cost, simple preparation method and good biocompatibility. Therefore, it is considered to be a kind of nanomaterials with great potential for practical application. In this thesis, the preparation and application of carbon and copper nanoclusters were studied. Specific content includes the following three aspects: 1. A highly fluorescent graphene quantum dot (GQDs),) was prepared by refluxing graphene to graphene. Based on the reaction of au (鈪，

本文編號：2182013