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  本文選題：松散承壓含水層　切入點(diǎn)：壓架突水　出處：《合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國煤炭資源儲量豐富,但多數(shù)煤礦水文地質(zhì)條件復(fù)雜,受水害威脅的面積、類型與程度均為世界上罕見。特別地,我國許多煤礦厚表土層底部存在著一層以沙土、砂礫為主要骨架組成的松散承壓含水層,存在于煤層的頂部。采掘過程中的頂板水害是威脅煤礦安全生產(chǎn)的重要因素之一。采礦活動產(chǎn)生的導(dǎo)水裂隙帶溝通了煤層上覆巖體中的含水層,導(dǎo)致含水層水涌入礦井工作面而造成的災(zāi)害或使工作面工作條件惡化難以繼續(xù)生產(chǎn),造成重大的人員傷亡與經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。為此,本論文以以祁東井田所在的宿縣礦區(qū)為研究背景,在分析礦區(qū)工程地質(zhì)與水文地質(zhì)條件的基礎(chǔ)上,對松散承壓含水層的主要特征、突水特性、滲流場、壓架突水機(jī)理及防治技術(shù)進(jìn)行了研究,完成的主要研究工作如下：(1)在考察松散層形態(tài)特征、物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)、礦物以及物源的基礎(chǔ)上,綜合分析了松散層厚度、四含底界標(biāo)高、四含厚度、四含有效含水層厚度、四含黏土層厚度等特征。以多次突水災(zāi)害為基礎(chǔ),探討了水害類型及涌水量特征。并進(jìn)一步分析了多個工作面處的水質(zhì)歷時變化情況,為確定出水水源提供了依據(jù)。(2)將四含單位涌水量、地層巖性、滲透系數(shù)、四含厚度和四含水位作為影響因素,運(yùn)用層次分析-模糊綜合評判法對四含劃分了10個水文地質(zhì)單元,獲得了各個水文地質(zhì)單元水文參數(shù)平均值；在水文地質(zhì)單元劃分的基礎(chǔ)上,概化研究區(qū)的水文地質(zhì)條件,建立水文地質(zhì)模型。并采用基于有限元方法的地下水?dāng)?shù)值模擬軟件FEFLOW對祁東井田的地下水流進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,并開展驗(yàn)證分析,取得了較好的效果。(3)在對壓架災(zāi)害統(tǒng)計(jì)分析的基礎(chǔ)上,以6130工作面壓架事故為例,探討了突水壓架災(zāi)害特征。利用UDCE數(shù)值計(jì)算與現(xiàn)場壓架、突水現(xiàn)場實(shí)測,分析了覆巖存在主亞關(guān)鍵層結(jié)構(gòu)是祁東煤礦壓架、突水異常的特殊覆巖結(jié)構(gòu),指出了此類工作面頂板來壓與水位變化具有聯(lián)動效應(yīng)。(4)基巖厚度增加對關(guān)鍵層的破斷距有重要影響,當(dāng)覆巖中硬巖層層數(shù)增加或相鄰兩層硬巖層之間的間距增大到一定的程度后,覆巖將表現(xiàn)為多層關(guān)鍵層結(jié)構(gòu),不易產(chǎn)生整體復(fù)合破斷。(5)根據(jù)松散承壓含水層下采煤相關(guān)理論研究成果以及已有開采經(jīng)驗(yàn),提出了頂板水害綜合防治技術(shù),并重點(diǎn)介紹了基于地電場覆巖裂隙帶高度監(jiān)測預(yù)警,并提出了開采技術(shù)措施與防水安全措施。通過上述工作,得到了下列認(rèn)識與結(jié)果：(1)揭示了祁東礦井水文地質(zhì)單元的分區(qū)特性,獲得了各個水文地質(zhì)單元水文參數(shù)平均值,并以此進(jìn)一步建立數(shù)值模型,通過驗(yàn)證與識別得到了祁東井田的地下水流場信息。(2)提出了存在主亞關(guān)鍵層結(jié)構(gòu)是祁東煤礦壓架、突水異常的主要原因,亞關(guān)鍵層的破斷導(dǎo)致工作面小周期來壓,主亞關(guān)鍵層的復(fù)合破斷導(dǎo)致工作面大周期來壓。影響豎向裂隙的發(fā)育高度的兩種主要因素是：關(guān)鍵層距承壓含水層距離和關(guān)鍵層與工作面的相互位置。(3)提出了四含水文地質(zhì)條件綜合探查、壓架突水預(yù)測、綜合探放水、頂板預(yù)裂爆破、采用高阻力支架、安全煤巖柱的合理留設(shè)、優(yōu)化推進(jìn)速度、壓架突水綜合預(yù)警等四含頂板松散承壓含水層水害成套防治技術(shù)。各個技術(shù)均有優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),需根據(jù)具體條件綜合運(yùn)用,確保承壓水體下采礦的安全與高效。
[Abstract]:The coal resource is abundant in our country, but the most complicated hydrogeological conditions of coal mine, threatened by water disaster area, type and degree are rare in the world. Especially, many coal mines in our country exist at the bottom of thick soil layer with a layer of sand, gravel is mainly composed of loose skeleton bearing aquifer, the top in coal seam the water inrush in the mining process is one of the most important factors threatening the safety of coal production. Mining activities in the water flowing fractured zone of coal seam overlying aquifer communication on rock mass, lead to the deterioration of the aquifer water flooded mine working face caused by the disaster or make work working conditions difficult to continue production, resulting in significant casualties and economic losses. Therefore, this thesis takes Qidong coalfield located Suxian mining area as the research background, based on the analysis of mine engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions, the unconsolidated confined aquifer The main characteristics of water inrush characteristics, seepage pressure, shelf water inrush mechanism and control technology are studied, the main research work is as follows: (1) in the study of loose layer morphology, physical and mechanical properties, as well as the source of minerals based on the comprehensive analysis of the loose layer thickness of the bottom boundary containing four the elevation, containing four with four effective thickness, the thickness of the aquifer, with four of the thickness of clay layer and other features. In many water inrush based on flood type and water inflow characteristics. And further analysis of the water quality working surface of the diachronic changes, providing a basis for determining the effluent water (2). The four unit inflow, formation lithology, permeability coefficient, containing four and four thickness containing water level as influence factors, AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to four divided into 10 hydrogeological units, the various hydrogeological parameters average in single Yuan Shuiwen; Based on the division of hydrogeological units, generalizability of the study area hydrogeological conditions, hydro geological model were established. And using the finite element method of groundwater numerical simulation software FEFLOW to underground water in Qidong coal mine based on numerical simulation, and carry out verification and analysis, and achieved good results. (3) based on the analysis of the press frame disaster statistics, in 6130 working face of crushing accident as an example, discusses the process of water disaster characteristics. Frame using UDCE numerical calculation and field pressure frame, water inrush field measurement, analysis of overburden layer structure is main sub key of Qidong coal mine pressure, water inrush abnormal special rock structure, pointed out the roof of working face pressure and water level changes with the linkage effect. (4) the increase of the thickness of bedrock of key stratum broken distance has important effect, when the overlying rock hard rock layers increase or between the two adjacent layers of hard rock increases to a certain distance between After the degree of rock will appear as multiple key stratum structure, not easy to produce an overall compound breakage. (5) according to the unconsolidated confined aquifer under the relevant theoretical research results and the existing coal mining experience, put forward comprehensive prevention and control of roof water inrush technology, and introduces the height of monitoring and early warning of overburden rock fracture zone based on the geoelectric field. And put forward the mining technical measures and waterproof safety measures. Through the above work, we obtain the following results and understanding: (1) reveals the partition characteristics of Qidong mine hydrogeological unit, were obtained for each hydrogeological unit hydrological parameters on average, and in order to further the establishment of numerical model, through the verification and identification information obtained groundwater flow field of Qidong mine. (2) proposed the main sub key layer structure is the Qidong coal mine, the main reason of abnormal water inrush, sub key layer breaking causes small cycle pressure to the surface, the main sub The key layer breaking lead composite working face of periodic pressure. The effect of vertical fissure height of two main factors: the key layer from the bearing layer and key layer distance mutual position and working face. (3) proposed a comprehensive exploration with four hydrogeological conditions, pressure frame water inrush forecast, comprehensive exploration drain, roof pre splitting blasting, high support resistance, safety coal and rock pillar for designing reasonable optimization, speed, pressure frame of water inrush comprehensive warning four roof with unconsolidated confined aquifer water complete control technology. Advantages and disadvantages of each technology are required according to the specific conditions of use, to ensure the safety of mining of confined water with high efficiency.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD745

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