發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-16 12:18

  本文選題：頂板　切入點(diǎn)：鉆孔　出處：《中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展,煤炭的需求量也與日俱增,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致了煤炭的開(kāi)采深度逐年增加,隨之而來(lái)的是越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重的礦井瓦斯災(zāi)害。目前,煤層水力割縫卸壓增透強(qiáng)化瓦斯抽采技術(shù)措施已經(jīng)成為治理瓦斯災(zāi)害的主要技術(shù)手段之一。然而,當(dāng)前的水力割縫技術(shù)措施主要布置底板巷穿層鉆孔,頂板巷內(nèi)水力割縫的相關(guān)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)缺乏廣泛開(kāi)展。針對(duì)此問(wèn)題,采用理論分析、實(shí)驗(yàn)室物理實(shí)驗(yàn)、數(shù)值模擬和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的手段,對(duì)頂板巷內(nèi)水力割縫特性及其對(duì)瓦斯抽采的影響進(jìn)行研究,得到了如下主要研究成果:(1)根據(jù)頂板巷內(nèi)鉆孔角度的不同,將割縫過(guò)程中高壓水射流分成淹沒(méi)狀態(tài)和非淹沒(méi)狀態(tài),并分別闡述了二者的基本形態(tài)和動(dòng)力學(xué)特征,建立了頂板巷鉆孔內(nèi)割縫堵塞的力學(xué)微分方程,并按現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際參數(shù)予以驗(yàn)證,給出了頂板巷割縫的適用條件。(2)通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)室物理實(shí)驗(yàn),從試塊表面應(yīng)變變化特征反映出當(dāng)對(duì)試塊施加低壓水射流沖擊動(dòng)載時(shí)上行鉆孔擾動(dòng)略強(qiáng);當(dāng)施加的水射流沖擊動(dòng)載進(jìn)入中高壓區(qū)段時(shí),下行鉆孔的擾動(dòng)效果明顯更為劇烈。進(jìn)而觀察試塊的破裂特征發(fā)現(xiàn),中高壓區(qū)段的試塊破裂表現(xiàn)出氣蝕作用的影響。因此提出超前破壞范圍的概念來(lái)解釋下行鉆孔內(nèi)割縫具有更好擾動(dòng)效果的現(xiàn)象,初步認(rèn)為下行鉆孔的破煤巖性能優(yōu)越主要是由于存在表面空蝕階段導(dǎo)致的。(3)采用數(shù)值模擬手段,對(duì)頂板巷水力割縫后煤層的殘余瓦斯壓力進(jìn)行了分析。研究得到頂板巷進(jìn)行水力割縫后,鉆孔在垂直方向和水平方向上均存在強(qiáng)烈的耦合效應(yīng),鉆孔之間互相強(qiáng)化,提高了單孔瓦斯抽采效率。進(jìn)而分析認(rèn)為,鉆場(chǎng)布置的間距不能僅考慮單一鉆孔的影響范圍,還應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮鉆孔之間的耦合作用,避免大量工程施工。對(duì)比了頂?shù)装逑锼�力割縫的效果,發(fā)現(xiàn)頂板巷內(nèi)水力割縫后煤層卸壓消突區(qū)域具有更好的連通性和均勻性。(4)結(jié)合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),得到頂板巷割縫后瓦斯抽采的濃度和純流量均有提高,認(rèn)為頂板巷水力割縫具有良好煤層卸壓增透效果,同時(shí)對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)室物理實(shí)驗(yàn)和數(shù)值模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果給予驗(yàn)證。以上研究成果對(duì)頂板巷內(nèi)水力割縫的推廣奠定了理論基礎(chǔ),對(duì)今后的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工具有明顯的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy, the demand for coal is increasing day by day, which leads to the coal mining depth increasing year by year, followed by more and more serious mine gas disaster. The technical measures of pressure relief, antireflection and enhancement of gas drainage in coal seams have become one of the main technical means for gas disaster control. However, the current hydraulic seam cutting technology mainly arranges boreholes in floor roadways. The related field experiments of hydraulic slit in roof roadway are not widely carried out. In view of this problem, the method of combining theoretical analysis, laboratory physical experiment, numerical simulation and field experiment is adopted. The characteristics of hydraulic slit in roof roadway and its influence on gas drainage are studied. The main research results are as follows: 1) according to the different drilling angles in roof roadway, the high pressure water jet in the process of cutting seam is divided into submerged state and non-submerged state. The basic morphology and dynamic characteristics of the two are expounded respectively, and the mechanical differential equations of cutting joint blockage in roof roadway are established and verified according to the actual parameters in the field. In this paper, the suitable condition of roof roadway slit is given. (2) according to the physical experiment in laboratory, according to the characteristics of strain variation on the surface of the test block, the upward borehole disturbance is slightly stronger when the low pressure water jet impinges on the test block. When the applied water jet impinges the dynamic load into the middle and high pressure section, the disturbance effect of the downgoing borehole is obviously more intense. The fracture of the specimen in the middle and high pressure section shows the effect of cavitation, so the concept of leading failure range is put forward to explain the phenomenon that the internal cutting joint of downlink borehole has better disturbance effect. It is preliminarily considered that the superior performance of coal breaking rock in downlink drilling is mainly due to the existence of surface cavitation stage. The residual gas pressure of coal seam after hydraulic seam cutting in roof roadway is analyzed. It is found that there are strong coupling effects in vertical and horizontal direction after hydraulic seam cutting in roof roadway, and the boreholes reinforce each other. The efficiency of single hole gas extraction is improved, and it is concluded that the spacing of drilling field should not only consider the influence range of single borehole, but also consider the coupling action between boreholes. In order to avoid a large amount of engineering construction, the effect of hydraulic joint cutting in roof and floor roadway is compared, and it is found that there is better connectivity and uniformity in the area of pressure relief and outburst suppression after hydraulic slit in roof roadway. The concentration and pure flow rate of gas drainage are increased after cutting seam of roof roadway. It is considered that hydraulic cutting seam of roof roadway has good effect of pressure relief and antireflection of coal seam. At the same time, the results of laboratory physical experiments and numerical simulation experiments have been verified. The above research results have laid a theoretical foundation for the popularization of hydraulic joints in roof roadways, and have obvious guiding significance for the field construction in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD712.6

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